关于中国固体废物环境监测分析方法标准的思考与建议

研究了中国固体废物环境监测分析方法标准的发展历程及现状。通过分析现行固体废物环境监测分析方法标准现状与需求,发现中国固体废物环境监测分析方法标准存在不能完全满足现行固体废物污染控制标准和危险废物鉴别标准的测定需求,部分标准规范性有待提高,标准基础研究较为薄弱,同一污染物项目不同方法标准之间的可比性研究有待加强等诸多问题。针对存在的问题,建议从加快标准制修订,加强基础科研和顶层设计,加大可比性研究等方面完善中国固体废物环境监测分析方法标准,以期推动中国固体废物环境监测分析方法标准体系的建设与发展。     

关于中国土壤环境监测分析方法标准的思考与建议

研究了中国土壤环境监测分析方法标准发展历程及现状。根据现行土壤环境监测分析方法标准的类型、数量和污染物控制项目,以及中国土壤环境监测分析方法标准的特点,分析了中国土壤环境监测分析方法标准存在的问题和不足。结合当前土壤环境管理需求,提出了完善中国土壤环境监测分析方法标准的建议:加快标准制修订,合理增加污染物项目的控制种类和检测方式;加强不同标准方法之间的可比性研究,使标准更具实用性和指导性;加大土壤监测技术基础性研究,借鉴国外先进经验,为标准制修订工作提供有力支撑。     

中国环境空气质量手工监测技术规范需改进的几点建议

现有环境空气质量手工监测技术规范颁布于2005年,至今已近10年,这期间部分标准分析方法被废止,部分有所更新,并新增了很多标准分析方法。2012年颁布的新环境空气质量标准中增加的PM2.5、镉、汞、砷、六价铬等项目在手工监测技术规范中未涉及。针对手工监测技术规范在实际应用中存在的问题提出几点修订建议。     

中国固体废物监测技术问题分析及对策

从样品采集和制备、样品前处理、分析测试方法方面对固体废物监测现状进行分析,对现有分析方法标准进行梳理和总结。提出了中国固体废物监测方面存在控制标准和监测分析方法衔接不完善、部分浸出方法应用目的不明确、分析方法可比性不强或缺乏操作性、质量控制手段单一及监测技术水平不高等问题。针对存在的问题,提出梳理现有方法标准、加快标准制修订、加大对现有问题的研究力度、加强培训、提升固体废物监测能力等对策,以期推动中国固体废物监测能力的提升。     

我国场地调查土壤中污染物监测分析方法标准的思考

结合重点行业企业用地调查工作实践,分析了我国场地调查土壤中污染物监测分析方法标准现状和存在的问题,包括缺少一些行业特征污染物、重金属形态分析和现场快速检测技术标准,以及部分方法的可比性和适用性较差等,提出了结合污染场地环境调查土壤基质的特点及风险评估与治理修复的需求,加快制定缺失的行业特征污染物和重金属形态分析方法标准,及时修订和完善现行分析方法体系,增强标准的可比性、适用性和可操作性等建议.     

项目竣工环境保护验收监测方案制定中若干问题的探讨

从确定监测因子、评价标准、分析方法3个方面简述了项目竣工环境保护验收监测方案制订中的原则、要求、难点、重点,对标准、分析方法的选用,对实际工作中常发生的问题进行了剖析,并提出相应的解决办法。     

对我国环境监测分析方法标准适用性评估的思考与建议

文章对我国环境监测分析方法标准与生态环境质量标准、生态环境风险管控标准和污染物排放标准等的适用配套发展历程进行了梳理,并对美国替代方法检验机制和欧盟环境监测分析方法等效性验证的管理和技术方法进行了研究,分析了我国开展环境监测分析方法标准适用性评估的需求和国外相关管理及技术体系的可参考借鉴内容。在此基础上,文章从明确我国环境监测分析方法标准适用性评估内容、建立相关技术方法体系及工作机制等方面对我国环境监测分析方法标准适用性评估提出了整体工作建议设想,以期促进我国生态环境标准体系科学性、适用性的不断发展完善。     

COD连续在线监测仪的测定方法与标准方法分析结果比对

对废水中COD的连续在线监测,不同原理监测仪器的测定结果与标准分析方法之间存在差异[1-3],而且各种废水成分复杂多样,现场环境温度和湿度的变化,也是影响测定结果的因素.通过比对测量,可以确定连续在线监测数据与标准分析方法测量数据之间的相关性参数,确保数据的可靠溯源.南京市污染源在线自动监测系统采用的COD连续在线监测仪的品种较多,为此,进行了COD连续在线监测仪的仪器测量结果与人工监测结果的比对分析.     

高尘烟道中的固态及气态氟化物测试方法探讨

一、采样方法、设备及采样位置 参照《污染源统一监测分析方法》,参考日本工业标准有关氟化物测试部分JIS105—1967,及美国环保局(EPA)公布的烟道气中     

《环境监测分析方法标准制订技术导则》2021年4月1日起实施

正《环境监测分析方法标准制订技术导则》(HJ 168—2020) 2021年4月1日起实施,《环境监测分析方法标准制修订技术导则》(HJ 168—2010)废止。《环境监测分析方法标准制订技术导则》(HJ 168—2020)规定了环境监测分析方法标准制订的基本要求、技术路线以及标准文本和相关技术文件的技术要求,适用于环境监测分析方法标准的制订工作。     

北京市地表水环境面临的主要问题及防治对策

针对北京市地表水水质污染现状、污染特点及其变化趋势,深入剖析了目前地表水环境及其治理过程中存在的主要问题,提出进一步改善北京市地表水环境的措施与建议。     

水体中酚类化合物分光光度分析方法的研究

对国内外水体中酚类化合物现有的分光光度分析方法进行了文献综述 ,内容包括可见光分光光度法、紫外光分光光度法、荧光分光光度法和流动注射分光光度法。在总结归纳的基础上 ,提出了水体中酚类化合物分光光度分析方法的发展方向。     

Oxygen saturation trends in the Baltic Sea

Marine monitoring programmes are seldom planned and realized to fulfil the requirements of the statistical methods used. The shortcomings of these methods are rarely discussed in the literature. In this work two different methods for trend analysis are applied to a real case and attention is given to the possible violation of the underlying assumptions. Long-term changes in oxygen supersaturation in the Baltic Sea are the object of the study. Linear regression and non-parametric methods are those chosen. The linear regression gave significantly increasing trends of oxygen saturation in Arkona, Eastern Gotland basin and in the Bothnian Sea, but the tested assumptions turned out to be violated. The corresponding non-parametric trend test only confirmed the increasing trend in Arkona. It is suggested that non-parametric methods, like the one used in this work, should be favoured in the future for similar types of marine environmental data.     

水中乙醛和丙烯醛分析方法的对比

对测定水中乙醛和丙烯醛的3种方法——2,4-二硝基苯肼衍生化法、顶空气相色谱法和吹扫捕集一气相色谱质谱法进行概述和总结,并对各方法的试验条件、方法原理、测定影响因素以及效能验证等分析、比对,突出表现各自的优势和特点。用3种方法同时测定实际水样,结果无显著差异,精密度、准确度满足监测要求。     

Saltwater intrusion in coastal aquifer ??? comparison between the CIP and MOC simulation technique

Proper management and evaluation of environmental effects for coastal groundwater aquifers require accurate estimation of salt and fresh water movement. For this we compare two numerical methods to study saltwater intrusion. The two numerical methods are the CIP (constrained interpolation profile) and the MOC (method of characteristics). The two numerical methods are used to solve the salt transport equation. The two methods are applied and compared to saltwater intrusion experiments for confined and unconfined aquifer case studies. It is found that for both cases, the CIP-method is superior in terms of calculation time while keeping an acceptable numerical accuracy.     

Comparison of different static methods for assessment of AMD generation potential in mining waste dumps in the Muteh Gold Mines,Iran

Acid mine drainage (AMD) gives rise to several problems in sulfide-bearing mineral deposits whether in an ore body or in the mining wastes and tailings. Hence, several methods and parameters have been proposed to evaluate the acid-producing and acid-neutralizing potential of a material. This research compares common static methods for evaluation of acid-production potential of mining wastes in the Muteh gold mines by using 62 samples taken from six waste dumps around Senjedeh and Chah-Khatoun mines. According to a detailed mineralogical study, the waste materials are composed of mica-schist and quartz veins with a high amount of pyrite and are supposed to be susceptible to acid production, and upon a rainfall, they release acid drainage. All parameters introduced in different methods were calculated and compared in this research in order to predict the acid-generating and neutralization potential, including APP, NNP, MPA, NPR, and NAGpH. Based on the analytical results and calculation of different parameters, all methods are in a general consensus that DWS-02 and DWS-03 waste dumps are acid-forming which is clearly attributed to high content of pyrite in samples. DWS-04 is considered as non-acid forming in all methods except method 8 which is uncertain about its acid-forming potential and method 7 which considers a low potential for it. DWC-01 is acid-forming based on all methods except 8, 9, 10, and 11 which are also uncertain about its potential. The methods used are not reached to a compromise on DWS-01 and DWC-02 waste dumps. It is supposed that method 7 gives the conservationist results in all cases. Method 8 is unable to decide on some cases. It is recommended to use and rely on results provided by methods 1, 2, 3, and 12 for taking decisions for further studies. Therefore, according to the static tests used, the aforementioned criteria in selected methods can be used with much confidence as a rule of thumb estimation.     

Comparison of two dynamic measurement methods of odor and odorant emission rates from freshly dewatered biosolids

Odor and odorant emission rates from freshly dewatered biosolids in a dewatering building of a Water Reclamation Plant (WRP) are measured using the EPA flux chamber and wind tunnel methods. Experimental results are compared statistically to test whether the two methods result in similar emission rates when experiments are performed under field conditions. To the best of our knowledge the literature is void of studies comparing the two methods indoors. In this paper the two methods are compared indoors where the wind velocity and air exchange rate are pertinent field conditions and can be measured. The difference between emission rates of odor and hydrogen sulfide measured with the two methods is not statistically significant (P values: 0.505 for odor, 0.130 for H(2)S). It is concluded that both methods can be used to estimate source emissions but selection of the most effective or efficient method depends on prevailing environmental conditions. The wind tunnel is appropriate for outdoor environments where wind effects on source emissions are more pronounced than indoors. The EPA flux chamber depends on the air exchange rate of the chamber, which simulates corresponding conditions of the indoor environment under investigation and is recommended for estimation of indoor pollution sources.     

Arsenic Speciation Analysis in Water Samples: A Review of The Hyphenated Techniques

Interests in the determination of different arsenic species in natural waters is caused by the fact that toxic effects of arsenic are connected with its chemical forms and oxidation states. In determinations of water samples inorganic arsenate (As(III), As(V)), methylated metabolities (MMAA, DMAA) and other organic forms such as AsB, AsC, arsenosugars or arsenic containing lipids have the most importance. This article provides information about occurrence of the dominant arsenic forms in various water environments. The main factors controlling arsenic speciation in water are described. The quantification of species is difficult because the concentrations of different forms in water samples are relatively lowcompared to the detection limits of the available analytical techniques. Several hyphenated methods used in arsenic speciation analysis are described. Specific advantages and disadvantages of methods can define their application for a particular sample analysis. Insufficient selectivity and sensitivity of arsenic speciation methods cause searching for a new or modifications already existing techniques. Some aspects of improvement and modifications of the methods are highlighted.     

Thiram: degradation, applications and analytical methods

In this review a brief introduction to thiram (tetramethylthiuram disulfide; TMTD) pesticide has been given along with other applications. All the important methods available are systematically arranged and are listed under various techniques. Some of these methods have been applied for the determination of thiram in commercial formulations, synthetic mixtures in grains, vegetables and fruits. A comparison of different methods is the salient feature of this review.     

Groundwater depth and elevation interpolation by kriging methods in Mohr Basin of Fars province in Iran

Prediction of groundwater depth and elevation is important in quantitative water management especially in arid areas. There are several basins in southwest of Iran, in Zagross Mountain, in which the water wells are distributed along a narrow elliptic ring band around the region. To find the most applicable interpolation method, both of the groundwater depth and elevation are predicted by different kriging methods. It is found that the groundwater elevation and depth can be predicted by different methods. Furthermore, it is found that the methods in which the trend is eliminated predicted the groundwater elevation and depth in central part of the region is with less standard error. Furthermore, the methods with no trend elimination, predicted the groundwater depths with less error near the water wells. Dividing the area to hydro-geologically homogeneous sub-areas improved the interpolation precision.