挤压变形对MB15镁合金及组织性能的影响

对MB15镁合金进行热处理,然后进行挤压试验,挤压变形MB15镁合金组织以剪切条纹和细小的α再结晶等轴晶为基本特征。挤压变形可显著地细化镁合金晶粒并提高镁合金的力学性能。随挤压比的增大,晶粒细化程度增加;强度、硬度随挤压比的增大而增大。所制定的工艺合理,挤压出的管材、型材有较好的力学性能。     

反挤压超塑短管的研制及其性能和组织的观测

本文叙述了具有超塑性能的短管材采用熔炼、浇注,均匀化处理及反挤压成形等工艺的制造过程。并对各道工序的组织结构进行了金相观察,对成形后管材的力学性能进行了检测。最终研制一种φ49~(-0.02 -0.07)×2±0.05×250mm的具有等轴细晶粒组织的,延伸率达1200％以上的,表面粗糙度达Ra7μm以上的ZnAl_(22)超塑合金短管材。该管材比以往采用φ53×0.5mm的厚壁管材制作同样的构件,即节省工时又节省经费,是一种特制的专用短管材。     

半固态触变压铸技术

触变注射成形的工艺过程接近于注塑成形。首先将镁合金锭加工切制成细颗粒状,将此镁合金颗粒装入料斗中,强制输送到粒筒中,粒筒中旋转的螺杆驱使镁合金颗粒向模具方向运动,当其到达粒筒的加热部位时,合金颗粒呈部分熔融状态,在螺旋体的剪切作用下,具有枝晶组织的合金料形成了具有触变结构的半固态合金,     

脱硫剂微观结构对脱硫性能的影响

采用扫描电镜和压汞仪对3种贝壳和1种石灰石的微观结构及孔径分布进行了测量,采用热重分析方法对各种脱硫剂的脱硫性能进行了测试.比较发现,各种贝壳煅烧后的晶粒呈薄片状,晶粒之间孔径均大于0.2μm,比孔容较大;石灰石煅烧后晶粒呈颗粒状,晶粒之间孔径多数在0.01～0.16μm之间,比表面积很大,但比孔容较小.贝壳中直径大于0.2μm的气孔,允许气体扩散至颗粒内部,气孔表面同时参加脱硫反应,且反应过程中不易被反应产物所堵塞,脱硫反应进行较彻底,钙利用率较高.另外,在满足气体扩散的前提下,减小孔径尺寸,增加反应比表面积,将对脱硫反应有利.     

过共晶铝硅合金半固态挤压铸造近终成形技术研究

研究了AI-Si(质量分数为24.3％和AI-Si(质量分数为29.2％)合金在机械搅拌作用下初晶硅形貌变化的工艺参数，半固态料坯的制备方法和半固态挤压成形的工艺方法。实验结果表明605℃是该成分范围的过共晶铝硅合金合适的半固态搅拌温度，在该温度下恒温搅拌50min可有效地改变板条状初晶硅的形态，获得平均直径为200μm的球状化的初晶硅；在上述优化的半固态工艺条件下采用挤压铸造工艺获得了优质的近终成形圆盘形零件。     

铝合金复杂曲面薄壁件液压成形技术

介绍了适合于制造铝合金复杂曲面薄壁件的液压成形技术,包括充液拉深、可控径向加压充液拉深和液体凸模拉深。由于充液拉深能提高成形极限,适合于制造铝合金复杂型面零件。可控径向加压充液拉深通过径向压力向内推料,进一步提高了成形极限,适合于成形大高径比筒形件。液体凸模拉深适合于获得深度较大、形状复杂、尤其底部具有小过渡圆角的复杂形状零件。     

1420铝锂合金模锻件锻造工艺的研究

利用高温变形实验 ,研究了 14 2 0铝锂合金在不同变形条件下的变形行为 ,获得合金的塑性图、变形抗力图、晶粒尺寸 变形程度关系图 ,确定出合金的锻造工艺参数 :锻造温度为 35 0～4 2 0℃ ,临界变形程度为 8%～ 10 % ,变形速率以低速为宜。结合实际情况 ,制定出合理的、经济的14 2 0铝锂合金模锻件成形工艺 ,即 6 0 0 0t水压机上多方锻开坯→车成锥体→ 80 0 0t卧式挤压机上终压模成形。生产出的 14 2 0合金模锻件尺寸精度高 ,综合性能优良。     

管材挤压工艺分析及实验研究

对管材挤压成形进行了工艺分析及实验研究。确定了镁合金、70 75铝合金、高温合金等几种材料管材挤压成形工艺参数 ,分析了管材挤压成形时变形力的变化规律。研究结果表明 ,管材挤压成形时必须严格控制坯料温度、模具预热温度、润滑方式、挤压速度、挤压比等工艺技术参数。以上工艺参数对挤压力均有不同程度的影响。     

服役态Super304H耐热钢管显微组织演变及高温力学性能研究

目的 探究服役Super304H钢管外壁粗晶组织演变及其对高温力学性能的影响,为超超临界机组运行管理与安全评估提供技术支持。方法 针对不同服役时间的Super304H耐热钢管,开展显微组织演变及650 ℃高温拉伸力学性能研究,着重探讨钢管外壁奥氏体晶粒异常长大、第二相析出长大及其对钢管高温力学性能的影响规律。结果 服役态Super304H钢管中的第二相以富铜相、MX相及M23C6相为主,其外壁奥氏体晶粒异常长大,形成粗晶区,而靠近内壁钢管中的奥氏体晶粒长大不明显,为细晶区。相对于细晶区,粗晶区奥氏体晶界及晶内析出更多的第二相,尺寸更大,弥散度降低,导致粗晶区高温拉伸性能显著降低。结论 长期高温运行的Super304H耐热钢管应加强监督,消除因外壁奥氏体晶粒异常长大而带来的胀管等安全隐患。     

镁合金盒形件温拉深起皱原因分析及措施

介绍了在机械压力机上温拉深过程中产生起皱的原因,通过采取调整镁合金板温度、相对厚度t/d0以及润滑剂的使用等措施,解决了拉裂、起皱缺陷,成功地拉深出镁合金盒形件产品。     

森林与径流关系——一致性和复杂性

@论文综述国外近一个世纪以来在配对集水区研究方面所取得的结论,从水的自然属性出发,从森林变化对径流(年径流量、洪峰与枯水径流)的影响,径流响应的干扰临界值及水文恢复各方面探讨森林变化与径流关系的一致性与复杂性。森林变化与径流关系的一致性主要表现在由较长时间尺度表达的年径流量上。绝大多数的配对集水区的试验研究表明,采伐森林就会增加年径流量,而在荒地上造林就会减少年径流量。而由较短时间尺度表达的洪峰径流与枯水流量则呈现较大的复杂性和难预估性。综述表明,对径流特别是洪峰与枯水径流的定义及分析方法的不同也是造成森林与径流关系复杂性的重要原因。森林与径流关系的复杂性要求人们在研究及应用其关系时就必须有系统观,必须考虑植被、径流与其它过程(土壤变化、气候变化等)的相互作用。论文还认为尽管配对集水区试验作为一种研究方法为研究者提供了许多可靠的结论,但由于许多研究者只把集水区看作是“黑箱”Q从而对认识森林与径流关系的复杂性有一定的局限性。未来的研究应把配对集水区的试验与其它对过程的研究技术(同位素、GIS等技术)结合起来。     

科技与可持续发展

科学技术对生产力发展的巨大作用。不仅表现在它对生产力3个要素的渗透性影响。而且表现在它促进生产力结构的优化和系统功能的发挥，但经济发展会带来资源破坏和环境污染等负面影响。应在发挥科技作为第一生产力作用的同时，遏制其带来的负面影响，以促进可持续发展。     

真菌和细菌对染料的吸附脱色及再生能力的研究

进行了真菌和细菌共培养对染料的吸附脱色和吸附脱色能力再生的研究。结果表明，青霉菌G－1首先对偶氮染料S－119、蒽醌染料艳紫KN－B（C．I．Reactive violet 22）水溶液中染料进行快速吸附去除，菌丝对同种染料的吸附速度随菌丝培养液中葡萄糖浓度的增加而加快，吸附染料的G－1菌丝在与细菌的共培养中完成对染料的脱色降解，脱色速度受培养液中葡萄和氮源浓度影响较大，从吸附速率和完全脱色时间综合评价，以葡萄糖浓度为5g/L、酒石酸铵为20mmol/L的培养基中培养的菌丝对染料的吸附脱色效果最好，吸附在菌丝上的艳紫KN－B脱色后菌丝吸附脱色能力得到再生，菌丝对100mg/L的艳紫KN－B染料水溶液可重复处理4次。青霉菌G－1对酸性染料废水处理3h，色度去除率为75．9％，吸附染料的菌丝在与细菌共培养中完成对染料的脱色，对试验所用染料废水，菌丝的处理能力获得1次再生。     

Homology and phylogeny and their automated inference

The analysis of the ever-increasing amount of biological and biomedical data can be pushed forward by comparing the data within and among species. For example, an integrative analysis of data from the genome sequencing projects for various species traces the evolution of the genomes and identifies conserved and innovative parts. Here, I review the foundations and advantages of this "historical" approach and evaluate recent attempts at automating such analyses. Biological data is comparable if a common origin exists (homology), as is the case for members of a gene family originating via duplication of an ancestral gene. If the family has relatives in other species, we can assume that the ancestral gene was present in the ancestral species from which all the other species evolved. In particular, describing the relationships among the duplicated biological sequences found in the various species is often possible by a phylogeny, which is more informative than homology statements. Detecting and elaborating on common origins may answer how certain biological sequences developed, and predict what sequences are in a particular species and what their function is. Such knowledge transfer from sequences in one species to the homologous sequences of the other is based on the principle of 'my closest relative looks and behaves like I do', often referred to as 'guilt by association'. To enable knowledge transfer on a large scale, several automated 'phylogenomics pipelines' have been developed in recent years, and seven of these will be described and compared. Overall, the examples in this review demonstrate that homology and phylogeny analyses, done on a large (and automated) scale, can give insights into function in biology and biomedicine.     

伊宁市城市水系现状调查及问题与对策

以泉水来源的伊宁市城市水系,具有特有城市标志的同时对伊宁市起着重要的生态、景观、润泽作用。近年来,城市建设的快速发展给伊宁市水系带来了新的问题。文章以如何保护好伊宁市城市水系为出发点,以现场调查及相关数据为基础,对现状问题进行分析,提出了城市水系保护方面的一些建议对策。     

油气集输联合站火灾爆炸危险分析与事故后果模拟

以某联合站为例,根据油气集输联合站站场功能,将联合站划分为油气处理、储运及污水处理3个单元,对各单元发生火灾爆炸事故的可能条件进行分析,并利用DNV公司的SAFETI软件对事故后果进行模拟计算,根据事故影响范围数据,提出相应的安全措施。     

Pesticides and trace elements in cannabis: Analytical and environmental challenges and opportunities

Cannabis is increasingly used for both medicinal and recreational purposes with an estimate of over 180 million users annually. Canada has recently legalized cannabis use in October 2018, joining several states in the United States of America (e.g., Colorado, California, and Oregon) and a few other countries. A variety of cannabis products including dry flowers, edibles, and oil products are widely consumed. With high demand for cannabis products worldwide, the quality of cannabis and its related products has become a major concern for consumer safety. Various guidelines have been set by different countries to ensure the quality, safety, and efficacy of cannabis products. In general, these guidelines require control of contaminants including pesticides, toxic elements, mycotoxins, and pathogens, as well as residual solvents in regard to cannabis oil. Accordingly, appropriate analytical methods are required to determine these contaminants in cannabis products for quality control. In this review, we focus on the current analytical challenges and method development for detection of pesticides and toxic elements in cannabis to meet various guidelines.     

砷的污染、检测与防治

在环境化学污染物中,砷是最常见、最严重的污染物之一.随着现代工农业生产的发展,砷对环境的污染日趋严重.为了更好地评价砷污染对环境和人体的影响,介绍了砷污染的来源、对人体的危害、标准的检测方法和目前砷污染治理的现状.     

Comparison of transabdominal and transcervical CVS and amniocentesis: Sampling success and risk

A total of 2931 women randomized to either transabdominal CVS, transceirvical CVS, or amniocentesis were studied. Unless intended or unintended abortion had occurred, they had completed up to 28 weeks of pregnancy. No significant difference was seen between total fetal loss in the transabdominal CVS group and the amniocentesis group (6.5 and 6.8 per cent, respectively, SE difference = 0.92 per cent, p = 0.01). The total fetal loss in the transcervical CVS group was 10.1 per cent. After pooling our data with data from the Canadian randomized study and the American non-randomized study, the difference in risk between trans-cervical CVS and amniocentesis was 1.8 per cent (SE difference = 0.64 per cent, p = 0.8). When the number of failed procedures and those cases evaluated as infeasible for the assigned method-for anatomical reasons-are compared, the overall sampling efficacy is poorer transcervically than transabdominally.