美国环保产业发展政策对我国的启示

当今环保产业作为新兴战略产业在世界范围内迅速成长。美国作为全球环保产业的领头羊,其环保产业的发展离不开政府行之有效的发展政策。美国政府主要通过法律法规、税收、贷款、债券、基金、放宽出口管制、以外交促贸易等政策措施,促进了美国环保产业的技术创新、投融资及国际贸易。借鉴美国政策经验,我国应在环保产业管制政策、技术创新政策、财税政策、国际贸易政策上做出相应改进,以促进我国环保产业积极健康发展。     

调整环境政策发展环保产业

本文介绍了中国的环境政策，论述了开放竞争的条件对中国现存环境政策和环保产业的影响，并对未来中国环境政策提出了改革建议。     

调整环境政策 发展环保产业

本文介绍了中国的环境政策,论述了开放竞争的条件对中国现存环境政策和环保产业的影响,并对未来中国环境政策提出了改革建议。     

调整环境政策发展环保产业

本文介绍了中国的环境政策,论述了开放竞争的条件对中国现存环境政策和环保产业的影响,并对未来中国环境政策提出了改革建议.     

走向成熟的美国环境产业

１９９４年１０月１３－１４日在美国首都华盛顿召开了由ＯＥＣＤ（经济合作与发展组织ＴｈｅＯｒｇａｎｉｚａｔｉｏｎｆｏｒＥｃｏｎｏｍｉｃＣｏｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎａｎｄＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ）召集、美国商务部和美国环保局协办的全球环境产业专题研讨会。该研讨...     

日本的环境产业

ＴｈｅＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＩｎｄｕｓｔｒｉｅｓｉｎＪａｐａｎ中村（Ｙ．Ｎａｋａｍｕｒａ）一、生态产业定义日本国际贸易和产业部给予“生态产业”以广义的定义：具有减轻环境负担潜力的产业部门。该部门应促进包括环境保护在内的工业发展。目前日本的生态产业...     

国际环境服务业发展政策及对我国的启示

综合研究了国外环境服务业发展较快国家的相关政策,分析了它们发展成熟的原因,提出适合于我国的相关政策及措施。     

欧盟环境产业统计方法的经验及启示

欧盟环境产业起步较早,目前已经有较成熟的体系与统计方法。本文对比我国环境产业统计的现状,剖析了欧盟环境产业统计方法的优点。建议我国应迅速出台既满足国际化要求,又合乎我国环境产业实际情况的环境产业定义;完善统计法律规章实现统计问责;建立环境统计电子数据库;公开政府预算信息;并鼓励政府部门、产业协会、研究机构和企业多方合作进行统计以实现对我国环境产业的战略指导。     

加拿大环境产业发展对我国的启示

环境产业具有良好的生态效益和经济效益。发展环境产业是治理环境污染、应对生态危机的治本之策、长远之计。加拿大环境产业已成为支撑本国经济社会发展的支柱产业,本文分析了加拿大政府、企业和科研机构在环境产业发展中相互合作发挥的重要作用,对我国环境产业的改革和发展具有一定的启示。     

服务行业的环境影响及其对策

服务业的环境影响表现在水体、大气、噪声、固体废物以及资源破坏等多方面,本文分析了其产生原因,并且提出要采取必要的手段：经济手段、信息手段、宣传教育等,并积极培育服务业的“绿色”经济增长点,从而实现服务业的可持续发展。     

GIS在美国源水评估中的应用

本文主要研究GIS在美国源水评估中的应用，介绍了地理信息系统在国内外源水评估中的重要性，详细的论述了美国源水评估地理信息系统(Water Source Appraise GIS-WSA-GIS)的开发过程，主要包括设计数据库、建造数据库、分析数据以及显示结果四个方面，从而为我国建立水源评估的GIS提供参考。     

Tiny Stowaways: Analyzing the Economic Benefits of a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Permit Regulating Ballast Water Discharges

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has proposed permitting ballast water discharges—a benefit of which would be to reduce the economic damages associated with the introduction and spread of aquatic invasive species. Research on ship-borne aquatic invasive species has been conducted in earnest for decades, but determining the economic damages they cause remains troublesome. Furthermore, with the exception of harmful algal blooms, the economic consequences of microscopic invaders have not been studied, despite their potentially great negative effects. In this paper, we show how to estimate the economic benefits of preventing the introduction and spread of harmful bacteria, microalgae, and viruses delivered in U.S. waters. Our calculations of net social welfare show the damages from a localized incident, cholera-causing bacteria found in shellfish in the Gulf of Mexico, to be approximately $706,000 (2006$). On a larger scale, harmful algal species have the potential to be transported in ships’ ballast tanks, and their effects in the United States have been to reduce commercial fisheries landings and impair water quality. We examine the economic repercussions of one bloom-forming species. Finally, we consider the possible translocation within the Great Lakes of a virus that has the potential to harm commercial and recreational fisheries. These calculations illustrate an approach to quantifying the benefits of preventing invasive aquatic microorganisms from controls on ballast water discharges. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.     

美国环境保护与环境技术产业发展的主要经验和启示

随着经济和社会的发展，保护人类赖以生存的环境，走可持续发展之路，已成为世界范围内人们的共识，环境污染问题已日益成为人们关注的焦点。美国环境保护发展的历史与现状，揭示出一些促进环境保护和环境技术产业发展的经验，值得我们借鉴。     

The Relationship Between Environmental Concern and Acceptability of Environmental Impacts among Visitors to Two U.S. National Park Settings

This study examined the relationship between environmental concern and ratings of acceptability of environmental impacts among visitors at two national park settings. Based on the concept of a social ecological paradigm shift, it was hypothesized that individuals with greater levels of environmental concern are less accepting of environmental impacts in national parks than individuals with lesser degrees of concern. Sample data came from Cape Lookout National Seashore (N=392) and Moores Creek National Battlefield (N=236), two national park units in the south-eastern U.S.A. Environmental concern was measured by the New Ecological Paradigm scale. Acceptability was measured by visitor responses to 25 items covering different types of environmental park impacts. Analysis of variance and Tukey's means comparison procedure were used to test for differences between groups defined by levels of environmental concern on impact acceptability. Significant relationships were found between environmental concern and 15 of the 25 specific impacts in the Cape Lookout sample and 13 significant relationships were found in the Moores Creek sample. However, the relationships between environmental concern and acceptability varied somewhat across the two samples. These findings suggested that individuals with greater environmental concern were less accepting (or tolerant) of certain types of park impacts, while individuals with lesser degrees of environmental concern were more accepting of certain park impacts. Differences across the study settings were attributed to the different orientations of park visitors between the two national park units and recency effects. While the data reported are preliminary, they should be informative for park management purposes, particularly in the determination of standards for park impacts.     

3S技术与四川环保

本文介绍了3S技术及3S技术在四川环保中的应用现状，探讨了建立四川省环境信息系统的必要性和可行性，提出了基于3S技术的全省环境信息系统的基本结构和功能。     

中国环保产业政策现状和对策建议

本文分析了我国环保产业政策的现状,并提出了相应的对策建议。     

Pollution Control Policies and Natural Resource Dynamics: A Theoretical Analysis

Policies for the management of natural resources and the resources themselves interact to form complex systems. In this paper, we present a highly simplified model that can be used to study the general features of those systems. The model has three state variables, the abundance of the resource, environmental pollution, and the capital devoted to pollution control. We analyse it graphically using the singular perturbation approach. Two modes of behavior are possible; stationary and cyclic. When the abundance of the resources varies cyclically, the length of the period of resource scarcity depends on population size, economic activity, pollution per unit of output, and policy constraints. We distinguish between two classes of policies, one in which decision-makers base their investments in pollution control capital on the abundance of the resource, and another in which those decisions depend on the amount of pollution. We show that policies based on the observation of pollution are safer than those based on resource abundance, because in the latter case, small changes in policy variables can lead much more easily to a collapse of the resource. Increases in population size, even when accompanied by an equiproportional increase in the pollution control budget can lead to a change from stationary to cyclic behavior, especially where policies are based on resource abundance.     

美国与欧盟的农业环保计划

美国和欧盟实施的农业环保计划总体上分为三类：一是以奖励或补贴为基础的自愿性计划，二是以税收和规定为基础的强制性规定计划，三是以遵守环保规定为条件享受政府补贴的交叉遵守计划。