成都市新建过境二环路交通噪声预测评估讨论

本文对新建过境二环路交通噪声的影响,用类比测量一环路交通噪声的方法,通过理论和实测数据的统计分析,预测机动车辆流量、种类、速度、道路宽、快慢车道分隔绿化带宽、两侧建筑高与距离等,确立计算公式,预测二环路建成后交通噪声影响的趋势。为控制交通噪声,计算了交通噪声辐射的影响;干线平均车流量与高峰的实际噪声表减:道路两侧建筑物受交通噪声影响的最小距离。为城市规划和建设部门提供声学环境的参考依据。     

基于BP模型对城市交通噪声的数据处理和预测

城市交通噪声的预测和评价技术是城市交通可持续发展的重要研究内容,直接为城市交通规划中环境容量分析和环境影响评价服务。本文通过实测的大量数据,运用神经网络中的BP模型及其算法建立车辆数、道路宽度和交通噪声之间的关系,对城市道路交通噪声数据进行处理和预测。     

乌鲁木齐市交通噪声污染及其防治

噪声是造成城市环境污染损害人人体健康的公害之一。根据１９８９至１９９４年乌鲁木齐市交通噪声监测结果及有关调查资料，对交通噪声的现状和发展趋势进行分析，提出控制与削弱噪声污染及其防治对策     

兵团农五师师部周围主要交通干线噪声污染状况分析

通过对农五师师部周围8条主要交通干线近3年的交通噪声监测与分析,得到各条道路车流量、车速和道路的基本状况,经分析得出,各交通主干道交通压力虽不大,但两侧噪声污染却比较严重,而且污染水平呈逐年上升趋势.     

基于Cadna/A软件的城市交通十字路口噪声预测研究

通过分析城市十字路口噪声源的特点,采用Cadna/A噪声模拟软件建立十字路口交通预测模型,对十字路口周边声场分布情况进行了模拟研究,研究发现在选定的十字路口,交通噪声对周边环境影响较大,面向道路一侧昼间最大噪声值为72.9dB(A),夜间最大噪声值为64.5dB(A),背向道路一侧昼间最大噪声值为65.4dB(A),夜间最大噪声值为57.2 dB(A),本次研究的成果对于交通规划、噪声评价都具有十分重要的现实意义。     

青海省机动车尾气排放现状及发展趋势探讨

机动车尾气排放已成为影响环境空气质量的重要因素之一。文章在对影响机动车尾气污染物排放水平的主要因素分析和近三年全省机动车尾气污染物排放量计算的基础上,对全省“十二五”期间机动车保有量及污染物排放量进行了预测,并提出了降低机动车尾气污染物排放量的措施及建议。     

鄂州市交通噪声影响范围的予测研究

交通噪声是城市噪声中最主要的污染源,交通噪声是一种随机过程,其值变化大,影响的因素多,长期以来如何予测交通噪声是一个辣手问题。本研究对鄂州市11条主要交通干道(图1)及马路两侧的建筑物参数进行了现场测定,取得数据4000多个;监测交通噪声数据4500多个;     

轨道交通建设对声环境影响分析——以西安市城市轨道交通1号线为例

为了客观反映轨道交通建设对声环境的影响,以西安市城市轨道交通1号线为例,采用实测分析法研究轨道交通声源对周围声环境的影响。结果表明,所测声环境敏感点多为夜间超标,超标敏感点大都临近既有道路,主要受既有交通噪声的影响,而轨道交通设备引起的噪声增量仅为1.4～1.9 d B(A),对敏感点的影响较小;室内二次结构噪声监测结果显示其噪声实测值与背景值相差均小于0.5 d B(A),说明轨道交通的运行对室内二次结构噪声敏感点影响也较小。因此,轨道交通建设通过采取相应措施后对周围敏感目标的声环境影响是可控的,且轨道交通通过大量吸引客流将使地面交通噪声增量减少。总体上轨道交通地下线的建设对城市声环境的改善具有较大的促进作用。     

唐山市环境噪声状况及防治对策

以唐山市2003—2008年的噪声监测数据及调查资料为依据,通过对环境噪声现状、变化趋势的分析,发现唐山市环境噪声源主要为社会生活噪声、工业噪声、交通噪声和建筑施工噪声等,提出了相关防治对策,主要有加大宣传教育力度,提高环境法制意识;严格执行环保审批制度;加强交通噪声的管理;做好合理的规划。     

油田区域交通噪声污染现状分析

通过对油田中心区域主要交通干线昼间交通噪声及环境噪声的监测分析,找出噪声的污染现状,及对人们生活、学习产生的影响,为改善中心区域的交通噪声污染,提高人们的生活质量提供了监测依据。     

Noise annoyance from industrial and road traffic combined noises: A survey and a total annoyance model comparison

The literature on noise annoyance emphasizes that acoustical factors cannot totally explain the annoyance felt by a population exposed to community noises, and that some non-acoustical factors have an effect on annoyance. This research paper deals with the annoyance caused by combined noises coming from road traffic and an industrial site. This type of combination has been very little studied to date. An in situ study was conducted in an area of a French town exposed to these two noise sources. To investigate the annoyance caused by these combined noises, the work involved both a mapping of the industrial and road traffic noises present in the survey area and a questionnaire designed to evaluate the noise annoyance experienced by residents and to identify the factors that probably influence noise annoyance. The results highlight the link between the noise levels measured and the annoyance felt by the respondents. They also show that certain non-acoustical factors have an impact on annoyance felt. Indeed, the results highlight a positive correlation between fear of industrial sites and the annoyance expressed. They also show correlations between some items to evaluate noise sensitivity and the annoyance expressed. No significant correlation has been found between annoyance and the other non-acoustical factors such as age, sex and length of residence. Finally, several total annoyance models were tested for this noise combination. Two of them, namely the strongest component model and a proposed perceptual version of the mixed model, were able to better predict total annoyance than the other tested models.     

杭州快速路、主次干道植物群落降噪功能比较研究

城市绿地是城市生态系统的重要组成部分,在改善城市生态系统方面有重要作用。现今交通是城市环境中的主要噪声来源,城市道路绿地是交通噪声治理的有效方式之一。本文选取杭州市西湖区不同等级的三条道路(紫金港路、天目山路和丰潭路)作为研究对象,利用手持噪声测量仪测量实时噪声对不同道路等级和距离的绿地降噪效果进行分析。研究发现,杭州市三条道路存在以下问题:(1)噪声距离道路越远越低,且噪声平均衰减率表明绿地降噪效果为主干道次干道快速路;(2)配置模式为乔木+灌木+地被的绿地植物群落的降噪效果最佳,且乔木和灌木交错的种植形式在降噪效果上优于灌木在前、乔木在后的排列式种植;(3)当道路绿地宽达到15m时,植物群落降噪效果会有大幅度提升,且快速路与次干道在距离为15m处,植物群落降噪能力最佳。     

基于IVE模型乌鲁木齐机动车大气污染物排放因子研究

本文通过对乌鲁木齐市主城区机动车车型、燃料和运行工况的信息调查,得到主城区机动车现状.在此基础上,采用IVE模型进行模拟,结合统计分析,计算得到了2010年乌鲁木齐市主城区机动车基于行驶里程的启动和运行排放因子.将有助于掌握乌鲁木齐市主城区机动车技术状况、车龄分布、年均行驶里程、在路行驶车型比例以及各型在用机动车排放状况,为制定主城区机动车排气污染管理措施,改善大气环境质量提供科学依据.     

秦皇岛市大气污染的灰色关联分析

利用灰色关联分析方法对秦皇岛市大气环境质量的影响因素进行筛选,得出各项因素的主次关系。研究表明,煤炭使用量、港口吞吐量和机动车保有量的增加是影响秦皇岛市大气环境质量的重要因素。基于此,提出政府应大力发展清洁能源、加强港口煤尘治理和机动车污染防治等建议。     

Resistance of Villages to Elevated-Road Traffic Noise

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the methods of reducing elevated-road traffic-noise levels in rural residential areas by controlling the relative locations and morphological parameters and to investigate the effect of noise barriers on noise attenuation along elevated roads and building facades in villages. This study selected six morphological parameters and used noise-mapping techniques to estimate the noise attenuation in 60 village sites. The results indicate that ‘quiet areas’ increase by approximately 10% for each additional 100 m increase in the distance between the elevated road and the village. The best strategy for noise reduction is keeping the elevated road 1,000 m away from the village and raising the road height to 20 m. The building façade conditions only affect the traffic noise level attenuation when the buildings are within 100 m of the elevated road. It was found that the cost-effective length of the road noise barrier is 600 m on both sides of the village parallel to the road. The results highlight the importance of using morphology to improve the traffic noise resistance of villages. The landscape shape indices of buildings and roads are the most important parameters that affect the traffic noise attenuation of elevated roads.     

Determining contamination level of heavy metals in road dust from busy traffic areas with different characteristics

This study identified the levels and sources of heavy metal contamination in road dust from busy traffic areas in a typical industrial city in Korea. This study compared the total concentrations, as determined by aqua regia digestions and atomic absorption spectroscopy, of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and nickel (Ni) in the road dust from areas with different characteristics such as traffic rotaries, downtown areas, circulation roads, and asphalt and concrete highways. The contamination levels of the heavy metals in the road dust were evaluated using the contamination factor and the degree of contamination. The contamination levels of the heavy metals in the road dust were highly dependent on traffic volume and atmospheric dispersion from traffic rotaries. Industrial emissions and the frequency of brake use and vehicles coming to a complete stop were additional factors that affected the contamination levels in downtown areas. The concrete highway had higher contamination levels of the heavy metals than the asphalt highway. Vehicle speed was also a strong contributing factor to the degree of contamination of heavy metals in the road dust from the circulation roads and highways.     

Aircraft and road traffic noise exposure and children's mental health

There have been few studies examining noise and psychological disorders in children and the results are equivocal. The objective of this study was to examine exposure–effect relationships between aircraft and road traffic noise exposure and children's mental health. We conducted a cross-national, cross-sectional study assessing 2844 pupils, aged 9–10, from 89 schools around three major airports in the Netherlands, Spain and United Kingdom matched within country for socio-economic position. We selected children on the basis of exposure to external aircraft and road traffic noise exposure. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) assessed child mental health, including emotional problems, conduct disorder, hyperactivity, peer problems and prosocial behaviour. Aircraft noise exposure was significantly associated with an increased score on the hyperactivity subscale (pooled B estimate 0.013 CI 0.007–0.019) after full adjustment. Road traffic noise was significantly associated with lower scores on the conduct problems subscale maintained after full adjustment (pooled B estimate 0.010 95%CI −0.020 to −0.001). There was no association between either aircraft or road traffic noise exposure and the SDQ total score. The hyperactivity results have been found in a previous UK study and may indicate that high aircraft noise exposure exacerbates hyperactivity symptoms in children although this finding requires further replication.