区域环境管理体系的策划与设计

本是廊坊市实施ISO14001标准，建立环境管理体系的实践总结。分析了区域环境管理的主要特点，明确了区域环境管理体系策划与设计的主要内容和基础工作，重点阐明了区域环境管理体系策划与设计遵循的原则和技术要点。     

建立区域ISO14000环境管理体系的构想

ＩＳＯ１４０００环境管理标准体系在区域环境管理方面的应用尚在探索阶段，通过对上海浦东金桥出口加工区建立ＩＳＯ１４０００环境管理体系的构想，讨论了区域环境管理体系的内容，特点、运行模式以及绩效分析；提出小政府大市场的体制下，以区内企业的意愿为基础；用物业是环式管理区域环境是切实可行的。     

ISO14000国家示范区意义、经验与改进方向

ISO14000国家示范区是经济社会与环境协调发展，环境质量持续改善，符合国际环境管理体系标准(ISO14001)要求的区域。创建ISO14000国家示范区工作是运用经济学原理．以区域可持续发展为目标．以实施自愿性环境管理手段为基础，以建立和实施区域环境管理体系为平台，通过体系的有效运行，不断改善环境质量，     

应用国际环境管理理念实现区域环境的改善

作为首批国务院批准的十四个国家级开发区之一的烟台开发区,于2000年9月26日通过了ISO14001环境管理体系认证.经过一年多的运行实践,使我们深刻地体会到ISO14001环境管理体系不仅能够规范组织和市民的环境行为,最大限度的减少污染,节约资源,实现环境与经济的协调发展,而且因为它是融合了发达国家的先进管理经验而形成的一套广泛适用的完整的管理手段和管理模式,因而对于提高环卫工作的整体管理水平起到了积极的指导作用.开发区环卫部门实施与运行ISO14001管理体系后,实现了环卫工作的"四个转变".     

关于沈阳经济技术开发区环保工业园的发展构想

对沈阳经济技术开发区目前的环境管理及区域环境状况进行分析 ,并提出如何通过建设开发区环保工业园提高管理水平、引导环保产业发展及更有效地为企业服务。     

区域环境风险区划理论与方法研究

区域尺度上的产业发展已经成为我国经济新的增长点,探讨区域环境风险管理的理论和方法,确保区域环境安全已成为迫切需要解决的问题之一.以环境风险系统的组成及环境风险事件的发生过程为研究基础,探讨了区域环境风险管理的主要手段之一--区域环境风险区划的理论及方法.研究了环境风险区划应遵循系统性、一致性、主导性和动态性的原则,讨论了环境风险区划的步骤、指标体系和方法,提出环境风险区划是开展区域环境风险预防性研究,降低区域发展过程中可能存在的环境风险危害的主要措施之一.选取我国三大经济核心地区之一的长江(江苏段)沿江经济带为例,以该区域的开发区为研究单元,建立环境风险区划指标体系,采用综合评价法评价区域环境风险,并提出相应防范措施,为区域环境风险管理提供依据.      

区域环境管理体系建立的框架和要点

ISO14001环境管理体系标准自发布以来，很快得到了世界各国特别是先进工业国家的普遍响应。至2006年1月，据不完全统计。全球获得认证的组织已达到103500余家。截至2005年12月，我国获得认证的已达12600余家。在企业大力推行ISO14001环境管理体系认证的同时，各经济技术开发区、高新技术产业开发区以及一些地方行政区域也按ISO14001标准的要求，建立实施环境管理体系并取得认证。目前全国已有几十个区域通过了ISO14001认证。     

论项目环境影响评价与区域环境规划的协调问题

通过对项目环境影响评价与区域环境规划的概念、内容、方法、性质及在环境管理中作用的论述，阐明了二者的特点与相互关系，并结合我国当前环境管理新的要求，提出了二者在今后的实施中应注意协调的原则与方法。     

区域环境风险评价与管理初探

阐述了开展区域环境风险评价与管理的重要性,探讨了开展区域环境风险评价与管理的几个主要问题：区域环境风险水平的表征方法;区域环境风险的识别方法;区域环境风险评价的模式方法;以及区域环境风险管理的基本原则。开展区域环境风险评价与管理的目的是降低区域环境风险水平,减少人为事故带来的环境灾害与经济损失。给区域环境生态和公众健康一个较安全的保证。     

工业区建立ISO14001环境管理体系探索

随着我国工业区数目的迅速增加，工业区整体环境和生态问题开始突显。本文在分析工业区环境问题症结的基础上，通过研究我国ISO14001国家示范区的成功实践，提出在工业区环境管理上尝试制度创新：即在工业区管理建立ISO14001环境管理体系，运用政府的行政强制力来推动落实体系要求，从制度上保障区域环境综合决策的实现，从而实现工业区经济与环境协调发展的新局面。     

上海市实施ISO14001环境管理体系标准的回顾与展望

建立ISO14001环境管理体系、开展ISO14001认证工作已在我国全面展开，如何发挥环境保护行政主管部门的作用，对深入推进ISO14001标准认证至关重要。从实施ISO14001标准，促进环境保护工作发展的角度回顾了上海市实施ISO14001环境管理体系标准的历程，探讨了上海市实施 标准的未来发展趋势，并对实施过程中出现的问题提出了对策和建议。     

The benefits associated with ISO 14001 certification for construction firms: Turkish case

Construction firms all over the world are increasingly seeking to obtain ISO 14001. The rapid growth in the number of ISO 14001 applications in Turkey and the share from the construction sector in this number, as a leading sector, is rather striking. This paper, using a structured questionnaire survey, investigates whether there is any dependence or relation between construction firms characteristics and having ISO 14001 certification and any difference in the perceptions related to ISO 14001 by considering both firm characteristics and two different groups as certified and non-certified firms. Additionally, it examines the perceived benefits of having ISO 14001 for certified construction firms. According to the results of analysis, although there is not any difference in perceptions on ISO 14001 certification in terms of firm characteristics and being as certified and non-certified and their both positive opinions about ISO 14001 certification. There is a relation between firms characteristics and having ISO 14001 certification. ISO 14001 certification contributes to construction firms not only in terms of environmental benefits but also with corporate management and marketing effects, thus verifying that the ISO 14001 has a positive impact on the Turkish construction sector.     

Drivers,barriers and incentives to implementing environmental management systems in the food industry: A case of Lebanon

The shift in policy towards prevention and towards making producers responsible for the pollution they cause has lead corporations to limit environmental liabilities through the improvement of environmental performance. The implementation of an Environmental Management System integrates the precautionary and polluter pays principles into a firm's operations and demonstrates commitment to sustainable development. This research aims at assessing the factors influencing the implementation of ISO 14001 Environmental Management System in developing countries taking the Food Industry in Lebanon as a case example. For this purpose, primary data were collected using a field survey questionnaire that was administered to a representative sample of facilities. The results revealed that the food industry is generally more concerned with safety and quality issues rather than environmental issues. Following international food sector trend, improving environmental performance and enhancing company image are the most salient drivers to adopt ISO 14001. The lack of government support and stakeholder demand as well as the fact that ISO 14001 is not a legal requirement constitute the most salient factors hindering the adoption of the standard. Economical and organizational factors are the most significant incentives required to motivate the food industry to adopt ISO 14001. The industry is less likely to voluntarily consider adopting ISO 14001 before acquiring a quality management certification or until ISO 14001 certification gain more recognition in the international food sector. The study defines the foundations for developing strategies, policy reforms and incentive schemes to reduce the barriers of implementing ISO 14001.     

Diffusion of ISO 14001 environmental management systems in China: rethinking on stakeholders’ roles

Since the release of ISO 14001 in 1996, China has witnessed a surge in the number of ISO 14001 certification. As an international environmental standard, ISO 14001 has two basic functions: one is playing as an environmental management instrument, while the other as a signal of firms’ better environmental performance to stakeholders. Based on the stakeholder theory, we have examined the effects of community, regulatory and some organizational stakeholders on the diffusion of ISO 14001 certification at Chinese provincial levels. Using a panel data of ISO 14001 certification from each province for the period of 2004-2008 in China, empirical evidence of such relations is found. The finding reveals that signaling to foreign customers and community stakeholders plays a dominant role in encouraging diffusion of ISO 14001 certification. However, as an important organizational stakeholder, foreign investors have shown no significant effect on the diffusion of ISO 14001 in China.     

建筑企业实施ISO14001系列标准的必要性与具体操作

建筑业的飞速发展，直接危害着人们的身体和身心健康问题逐渐显现出来，目前建筑业的发展趋势就是提倡绿色环保型建筑，建筑材料提倡采用环保型建筑材料。根据建筑行业的特点，结合本企业实施IS014001标准的实际情况和建立环境管理体系的具体过程，介绍了建筑企业实施环境管理体系的必要性和具体操作步骤。     

The role of environmental management system on introduction of new technologies in the metal and chemical/paper/plastics industries

Pollution prevention with the use of modern cleaner technologies in industrial sectors is the cornerstone of successful environmental policy certified according to the requirements of the international standard ISO 14001. The analyses were performed with the objective of assessing general aspects of technology modernisation as a result of the ISO 14001 certification in industrial enterprises in order to develop a better understanding whether the ISO 14001 certification can accelerate initiatives for the adoption of new and cleaner technologies within the certified firms on one hand, and, on the other hand, to find out to what extent it helped to upgrade their environmental performance. The research was performed within Slovene metal and chemical (including pharmaceuticals, paper and plastics) manufacturing companies with an additional emphasis on firms which are committed to implementing the IPPC directive. In general, certified enterprises consider ISO 14001 as a very useful tool in promoting and adopting new cleaner technologies. ISO 14001 seems to be particularly important to create better conditions for the technology changes in companies which are committed to the IPPC Directive. Companies in chemical and related industries, to a much higher extent, used predominantly modified technologies to diminish their environmental impacts, while companies in metal industries, to a higher extent, used a combination of existing and new technologies after ISO 14001 certification. It seems that better environmental performance is associated with higher productivity in ISO 14001 certified firms.     

ISO 14001 in environmental supply chain practices

This paper focuses on the role of ISO 14001 in environmental supply management practices in Swedish companies. It discusses the existing and potential role of ISO 14001 for three key operational tasks of environmental supply chain management: to communicate the requirements to the supplier, to motivate and enable the supplier, and to verify that the supplier follows the requirements. The study used three different research methods: interviews with environmental managers, focus group discussions and a survey of two multinational companies and their operating units in several countries.It concludes that cooperation between the purchasing and environmental functions within a company is frequently not sufficiently achieved in implementation of ISO 14001; this makes the communication of customer requirements to suppliers less efficient. Building close relationships with suppliers is important to overcome initial difficulties, but this often conflicts with having a large supplier base. For the supplier to have an ISO 14001 certificate is seldom an absolute requirement, however, preference is often given to such suppliers. The value of the ISO 14001 certificate, as a proof of environmental performance, is a combination of the supplier's environmental ambitions, the advancement of supply chain practices of the customer and the ambitions of the certification bodies. Supplier audits are not commonly used as they are resource-consuming. Monitoring and verification approaches need further development.     

The state of ISO 14001 certification in Greece

Consideration is given to the evaluation of the present state of ISO 14001 implementation, as determined by the penetration of certifications and of certification agencies within industries in Greece. After identifying nearly all certified enterprises by the end of year 2004, a large cluster of 153 enterprises (circa 80.5% of all certifications), for which published information was available, are analysed. The data used concern both individual enterprises and demographic averages for respective industrial activities (determined by industry and sector). Analysis reveals ISO 14001 to be mainly accepted in manufacture, with both services and commerce to seriously lag behind. Analysis by sector, a more detailed activity indicator, shows marked ISO 14001 penetration differences between sectors, suggesting the influence of activity-related practices as a major certification driver. Evidence is also provided for the existence of a sector-related certification culture associating ISO 14001 certification decisions with ISO 9000 sector penetration levels. In addition, relatively larger enterprises, but not necessarily more profitable, seem to seek ISO 14001 certification in most sectors. Finally, analyses of all main certification agencies identified in Greece demonstrate that, with one exception, the choice of agency is mostly independent of industrial activity as well as certified enterprise size and profitability.     

Critical factors for implementing ISO 14001 standard in United States industrial companies

The purpose of this paper is to present the results of an empirical study carried out on a sample of certified industrial companies that operate in the United States, with the aim of identifying some of the critical factors for successful implementation of the ISO 14001 registration process. The paper reveals that it takes most of the companies between 8 to 19 months to obtain ISO 14001 certification. In addition, the ISO 14001 elements requiring the greatest effort are: identifying environmental aspects, environmental management system (EMS) documentation, training, EMS audits, operational control, environmental management program, objectives and targets, and document control. The survey also reveals that high certification cost and lack of other available resources are the greatest obstacles for implementing the ISO 14001 standard.     

Implementing environmental with other standardized management systems: Scope,sequence, time and integration

The aim of this article is to analyze how the implementation of the environmental management system (EMS) in accordance with the ISO 14001: 2004 standard has been carried out in organizations having more than one standardized Management System (MSs). In particular, four implementation aspects will be discussed, namely the different management system standards (MSSs) used for registration, for example ISO 14001, ISO 9001, OHSAS 18001, ISO 27001 and SA 8000, the order in which they were implemented, the time required for each implementation, as well as the scope of integration of these MSSs into a single Integrated Management System (IMS).In order to do so, some of the results of a survey carried out in 176 organizations registered to, at a minimum, both ISO 14001: 2004 and ISO 9001: 2000 standards for environmental and quality management, respectively, are presented. As one of the few existing empirical studies regarding the integration of multiple MSs, this research reveals the importance of the different possibilities which organizations can opt for when considering EMS implementation. For example, while most respondents implemented ISO 9001 before ISO 14001, others did so simultaneously or even applied ISO 14001 first. Furthermore, although a large majority of organizations integrated their EMS with additional standardized MSs, a small percentage did not. Apart from illustrating the survey outcomes, the article contains a detailed case analysis of four specific organizations with high environmental awareness that have implemented quality and other standardized MSs.