海洋风电场水下噪声评估与管理研究

总结了海洋风电场建设中水下噪声的主要类型与声学特性,基于国内外水下噪声对海洋生物影响的最新研究成果,分析了海洋风电场噪声对生态环境的可能影响,尤其是近岸海域海洋风电施工期冲击式打桩噪声对海洋生物的影响。在此基础上,参考《海上风电工程环境影响评价技术规范》的相关内容,提出了海洋风电场水下噪声测量与评估方法,以及控制与降低噪声的措施建议。     

风电场噪声影响模拟方法研究

以浙江沿海某海岛风电场为例,在做好风电场噪声监测数据质量保证的基础上,分析风电场噪声等效声级和距离的关系模型,运用GIS的空间分析功能对研究区的噪声影响进行预测和叠加分析,模拟得到10 m/s风速时风电场噪声的噪声空间影响分布,并提出风机在不同运行工况时风电场噪声的模拟方法和防治措施。该研究为风电场噪声影响分析和管理部门提供参考。     

特高压换流站噪声源测试与预测技术研究

科学识别和获取特高压换流站内主要噪声源特性,在此基础上对换流站噪声影响进行分析预测,用于换流站噪声评价、设计和防护。在复杂声场环境条件下,通过现场录波、噪声与振动同步测试等方法,结合噪声理论知识,识别出换流变压器的优势谱点为400 Hz,该点占整个频谱噪声贡献值90%以上,同时识别出交流滤波器场电抗器特征频率点与电抗器所滤除的谐波频率相一致,且换流变压器和交流滤波器场电抗器的声压与振动优势频点具有较强的相关性。根据噪声源特性,对其计算模型进行相应的改进,可提高换流站噪声预测结果的准确性。     

国内外环境噪声监测方法比较及启示

综合比较了中国、日本、欧盟、美国和澳大利亚等国家或地区的环境噪声监测与评价方法,分析了声环境质量监测法、噪声地图预测法和噪声源监测法3种环境噪声评估方法的优缺点,认为声环境质量监测法适合现阶段中国环境噪声监测与管理需求,但下一步应结合噪声产生与传播预测方法改进中国声环境监测评价方法,增强对监测过程的质控,增加重点噪声源监测,以期更全面地反映城市声环境质量状况。     

厂(边)界噪声测量中若干问题探讨

厂（边）界噪声测量中若干问题探讨胡跃平（江苏省常州市环境监测站,常州２１３００１）１背景噪声的测量：①当厂界外噪声源为稳态噪声源其强度低于厂界噪声时,只需在厂内噪声源停运后测量背景噪声;②当厂界外声源强度大于厂界噪声时,需在厂外噪声源停运后测厂界噪...     

厂界噪声不确定度的评定

本文讨论了厂界噪声不确定度的评定,本案监测某企业锅炉房界外噪声,主要噪声源是锅炉,为稳态噪声。测量仪器为噪声统计分析仪(AWA6218B型2级器号:01761)。按照《工业企业厂界噪声测量方法》GB12349-1990。     

有关噪声仲裁监测中的点位布设

噪声扰民时有发生 ,提供真实可靠的噪声情况就显得尤为重要。为此 ,对噪声仲裁监测过程中点位布设的问题提出一些看法 ,供参考。( 1 )在边界噪声仲裁监测中 ,必要时应同时对被测量对象的主要噪声源和边界外的噪声敏感点分别布点 ,实施同步测量。工作中常常遇到这样情况 ,在监测时 ,经营者有时会对噪声源进行调整 ,以减少噪声。这时若不进行同步测量 ,所测结果往往难以反映实际情况。图 1为对某迪吧监测时 ,应在噪声源ｂ处和界外 1ｍａ处布点进行同步监测 ,并记录当时的工况(包括开几个音箱、音量开至何处等 )。在监测报告中应说明边界噪声是…     

张家港市声环境相关问题问卷调查

对张家港市7个镇176名居民进行了有关声环境保护的问卷调查.结果表明,张家港市声环境质量近年来得到改善,57％的调查对象对声环境质量感到满意,市民对声环境的关注度较高.调查对象认为主要噪声污染源为建筑施工源,其次为工业源,然后是交通运输源,最后为社会生活噪声.4种噪声源实际导致的噪声污染事件数量间没有明显差别,其中社会...     

浅析新疆城市声环境现状与对策

研究了新疆近五年来的城市声环境变化趋势,并对城市噪声污染现状进行综合分析评价,提出相关的治理对策与建议.从区域环境噪声状况看,噪声值呈下降趋势;从声源强度看,对城市声环境冲击最大的是交通噪声源;从道路交通噪声状况看,近五年交通噪声污染呈逐年下降趋势,但全区各年度均有超标路段,全区城市道路交通噪声仍存在污染.因此,整治城市噪声污染应贯彻"预防为主、防治结合"的方针,综合利用科技、法律手段来改善城市声环境.     

地铁车辆段试车线噪声源强及传播规律实测分析

以深圳市前海湾车辆段和横岗车辆段试车线为例,对其试车过程中的噪声影响源强及传播情况进行实测分析。结果表明,试车线车辆行驶速度约为36 km/h,噪声源强LeqA约为73 d B左右,试车中噪声最大值约为83 d B;试车线内噪声源的传播并不完全遵循一般的线性递减规律,在距声源30 m范围内,距声源越近,衰减量越小,反之,主要是由于距离声源越远,受到墙体或立柱等阻挡引起的附加衰减就越大。     

东沙沙洲离岸潮间带风电场建设对鸟类的影响

对东沙沙洲离岸潮间带风电场的建设给鸟类造成的影响进行了调查。分析表明,噪声对东沙沙洲迁徙鸟类影响不大;光对夜间迁徙鸟类造成一定的影响;风机对候鸟迁徙影响不大,少数低飞候鸟可能存在撞机风险;风机基础和人工岛的永久占地造成的直接生物量损失为3.2 t/a,总计损失约64万元;风电场建设将使东沙沙洲鸟类栖息地面积减少81.5 km2,约占总栖息地面积的13.9%,但风机对鸻鹬类等中小型涉禽、水鸟的觅食影响不大,风电场区域仍可作为这些鸟类的觅食地。在影响分析的基础上提出了设计、施工、运营阶段相应的防范措施。     

天然气联合循环电厂的噪声值及测量

介绍了燃气轮机设备噪声限值和国家标准对厂界噪声和声环境的要求,燃气轮机设备运行厂界噪声和周围声环境（主要是居民敏感点）的达标方法,以及电厂噪声的测量方法。     

风电场风机噪声监测方法初探

据现场实测,风电场300 m范围内社会噪声测值水平较低,且昼夜变化较小,对风电场背景噪声贡献不大;风机停运时背景噪声值随风速递增,二者之间存在较好的多项式回归性。在测得风机运行时噪声值和测点风速的情况下,根据回归方程式得到背景噪声,当风机运行时测得的噪声值与背景噪声之差大于1.5 dB(A)时,可以运用噪声叠加原理计算风机噪声,并且其计算误差在可接受范围之内。     

风对环境噪声自动监测的影响分析

结合大量监测数据及相关资料,对环境噪声监测中声级-风速相关性进行分析,提出进行环境噪声自动监测时,为保证监测数据的科学性和准确性,应同步进行风速测量,参考风速监测数据对噪声监测数据进行有效取舍。     

The effects of low frequency noise on mental performance and annoyance

Low frequency noise (LFN) as background noise in urban and work environments is emitted from many artificial sources such as road vehicles, aircraft, and air movement machinery including wind turbines, compressors, and ventilation or air conditioning units. In addition to objective effects, LFN could also cause noise annoyance and influence mental performance; however, there are no homogenous findings regarding this issue. The purpose of this research was to study the effects of LFN on mental performance and annoyance, as well as to consider the role of extraversion and neuroticism on the issue. This study was conducted on 90 students of Iran University of Medical Sciences (54 males and 36 females). The mean age of the students was 23.46 years (SD?=?1.97). Personality traits and noise annoyance were measured by using Eysenck Personality Inventory and a 12-scale self-reported questionnaire, respectively. Stroop and Cognitrone computerized tests measured mental performance of participants each exposed to 50 and 70 dBA of LFN and silence. LFNs were produced by Cool Edit Pro 2.1 software. There was no significant difference between mental performance parameters under 50 and 70 dBA of LFN, whereas there were significant differences between most mental performance parameters in quiet and under LFN (50 and 70 dBA). This research showed that LFN, compared to silence, increased the accuracy and the test performance speed (p?<?0.01). There was no association between LFN and noise annoyance (p?>?0.01). Introverts conducted the tests faster than extraverts (p?<?0.05). This research showed that neuroticism does not influence mental performance. It seems that LFN has increased arousal level of participants, and extraversion has a considerable impact on mental performance.     

Monitoring seasonal bat activity on a coastal barrier island in Maryland, USA

Research on effects of wind turbines on bats has increased dramatically in recent years because of significant numbers of bats killed by rotating wind turbine blades. Whereas most research has focused on the Midwest and inland portions of eastern North America, bat activity and migration on the Atlantic Coast has largely been unexamined. We used three long-term acoustic monitoring stations to determine seasonal bat activity patterns on the Assateague Island National Seashore, a barrier island off the coast of Maryland, from 2005 to 2006. We recorded five species, including eastern red bats (Lasiurus borealis), big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus), hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus), tri-colored bats (Perimyotis subflavus), and silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans). Seasonal bat activity (number of bat passes recorded) followed a cosine function and gradually increased beginning in April, peaked in August, and declined gradually until cessation in December. Based on autoregressive models, inter-night bat activity was autocorrelated for lags of seven nights or fewer but varied among acoustic monitoring stations. Higher nightly temperatures and lower wind speeds positively affected bat activity. When autoregressive model predictions were fitted to the observed nightly bat pass totals, model residuals >2 standard deviations from the mean existed only during migration periods, indicating that periodic increases in bat activity could not be accounted for by seasonal trends and weather variables alone. Rather, the additional bat passes were attributable to migrating bats. We conclude that bats, specifically eastern red, hoary, and silver-haired bats, use this barrier island during migration and that this phenomenon may have implications for the development of near and offshore wind energy.     

Determination of As in tree-rings of poplar (Populus alba L.) by U-shaped DC arc

In this work, experiments were undertaken in an open field having 10,000 m2 area purified from any noise on 121 survey stations using the central frequencies of seven different octave bands with a single and double artificially formed sources of noise. Meteorological parameters such as temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, velocity and direction of wind were also taken into consideration. Additionally, the effect of reflecting waves from any surface was also experimentally examined. To evaluate the data obtained, the statistical program of SPSS 9.05 was utilized. From this research, an equation utilising all the parameters was developed.