火电厂烟气余热利用及深度治理综合技术应用

文章阐述了火电厂烟气余热利用及烟气深度治理系统的应用效果,介绍了该系统的组成及工作原理,该系统具有治理烟羽、烟气余热利用、烟气提水的功效,在满足发电厂烟气近零排放的前提下,可降低机组整体的水耗和煤耗。     

健全企业环保经济责任制

我厂是一个年产六万吨合成氨、十一万吨尿素的中型氮肥企业。位于平顶山市西南郊、穿越市区的湛河上游。由于建厂时对环保工作重视不够,厂址选择不合适,又没有严格执行“三同时”原则,虽然上了一些环     

辽宁省城镇生活源水污染物产排污系数测算研究

通过调查问卷与实地监测等手段,以辽宁省典型区域为例,研究城镇生活用水的排放特点,并分析因素及机理.结果显示,较发达城市和一般城市COD产污系数变化不大,城镇类别对氮影响不大,总磷产污系数随城镇经济发展水平提高依次增大.     

四川省生活污水产污系数研究

产污系数是污染源源强核算、污染物控制和环境保护管理的重要指标,现有的生活污水产污系数不能反映各地区差异,难以满足四川省环境保护工作的需要。本文在对四川省典型城镇生活污水调查和监测的基础上,对各级城镇生活污水产污系数进行了研究,建立了适合四川省生活污水产污系数的测算模式,为四川省生活污水排放量统计提供参考。     

制药行业产品产污强度测算方法的研究

产污强度是衡量产品的技术水平及污染贡献的定量指标。以COD为核心、以物耗为主要依据的制药行业产品产污强度指标体系具有很强的针对性、可比性和可操作性,可为淘汰落后产品、技术、工艺、设备,推进行业清洁生产提供可靠的依据。     

从韶钢的实践论冶金企业的节水措施

水是宝贵的自然资源，也是企业生产的根本。作为全国用水大户的冶金工业，水更是是钢铁生产的最基本条件。随着产品结构的调整，节约用水、降低水耗就成为冶金行业降低成本的重要工作。近几年来，特别是“九五”斯间，韶钢从控制污水排放着手，加强排污控制管理，完善排污控制体系，推行清洁生产工艺，大力开展废水的循环利用，使排污水量逐渐减少，单位产品耗新水量逐年下降，污染物排放量逐年降低，实现了增产不增污、增产还减污的目标，取得了显著的经济效益和环境效益。 一、韶钢的节水实践 　　1、加强宣传教育，提高节水意识。 　　…     

清洁生产审核在电子线材行业的实施

通过某电子线材企业开展清洁生产审核,考察企业详细的生产工艺流程及产排污环节,针对行业生产特点,确定清洁生产审核目标,清洁生产实施后使企业获得明显的经济效益和社会环境效益,达到了"节能降耗、减污增效"的目的,为我国同类电子线材生产行业实施清洁生产审核提供了良好的借鉴。     

智能化环境监测数据分析系统提高工作效率浅析

分析了智能化环境监测数据分析系统在提高工作效率和节能减排中的作用,该系统一方面能避免重复工作,节省数据计算、报告形成、数据汇总分析的时间,缩短报告传递的时间,提高工作效率;另一方面可做到使产污单位及时掌握各自的产污信息,并采取改善措施,将产生的污染物降到最低。文章指出了该系统使用中目前存在的问题,分析了该系统产生的直接和间接经济效益。     

辽西北丘陵地区农村生活污水产污系数测算研究

通过对辽西北丘陵地区农村进行现场调研,测算了农村生活污水产污系数。结果表明,监测农户总生活污水中人均日产污水量为16.42 L,COD、BOD5、NH3-N、TN、TP、动植物油浓度的平均水平分别为696.9,341.83,4.34,36.79,4.32,2.28 mg/L;用水来源对农户生活污水中人均日产污水量和动植物油产污系数无显著影响,可取监测农户的平均值作为统一值;锦州北镇市农户生活污水人均日产量为19.12 L,COD、BOD5、TN、动植物油产污系数分别为0.05,0.11,0.09,0.87 g/(人·d),NH3-N和TP产污系数分别在7.29~7.35 g/(人·d)和14.69~14.83 g/(人·d),朝阳北票市农户生活污水人均日产量为19.12 L,COD、BOD5、NH3-N、TN、TP、动植物油产污系数分别为13.59,6.49,0.09,0.43,0.02,0.87 g/(人·d)。     

常州老运河氨氮污染调查分析

根据2009年常州市老运河及支流（污染企业）的水体污染物调查资料,分析了老运河的水质状况,并计算了各河段的氨氮通量。由氨氮通量确定各支流（污染企业）的氨氮贡献。结果表明,关河西段对老运河全程氨氮浓度上升的贡献率最高,占38.9%,其次是凤凰河,江苏新亚化工有限公司对老运河全程氨氮浓度上升的贡献率占9.2%,其余污染企业对老运河的氨氮贡献率均甚小。最后在分析主要支流污染来源的基础上,提出了防治水污染的相应对策和建议。     

Soil water nitrate and ammonium dynamics under a sewage effluent irrigated eucalypt plantation

Managed forests and plantations are appropriate ecosystems for land-based treatment of effluent, but concerns remain regarding nutrient contamination of ground- and surface waters. Monthly NO3-N and NH4-N concentrations in soil water, accumulated soil N, and gross ammonification and nitrification rates were measured in the second year of a second rotation of an effluent irrigated Eucalyptus globulus plantation in southern Western Australia to investigate the separate and interactive effects of drip and sprinkler irrigation, effluent and water irrigation, irrigation rate, and harvest residues retention. Nitrate concentrations of soil water were greater under effluent irrigation than water irrigation but remained <15 mg L(-1) when irrigated at the normal rate (1.5-2.0 mm d(-1)), and there was little evidence of downward movement. In contrast, NH4-N concentrations of soil water at 30 and 100 cm were generally greater under effluent irrigation than water irrigation when irrigated at the normal rate because of direct effluent NH4-N input and indirect ammonification of soil organic N. Drip irrigation of effluent approximately doubled peak NO3-N and NH4-N concentrations in soil water. Harvest residue retention reduced concentrations of soil water NO3-N at 30 cm during active sprinkler irrigation, but after 1 yr of irrigation there was no significant difference in the amount of N stored in the soil system, although harvest residue retention did enhance the "nitrate flush" in the following spring. Gross mineralization rates without irrigation increased with harvest residue retention and further increased with water irrigation. Irrigation with effluent further increased gross nitrification to 3.1 mg N kg(-1) d(-1) when harvest residues were retained but had no effect on gross ammonification, which suggested the importance of heterotrophic nitrification. The downward movement of N under effluent irrigation was dominated by NH4-N rather than NO3-N. Improving the capacity of forest soils to store and transform N inputs through organic matter management must consider the dynamic equilibrium between N input, uptake, and immobilization according to soil C status, and the effect changing microbial processes and environmental conditions can have on this equilibrium.     

城镇污水处理厂NPR工艺低温运行的效能分析

介绍了天津市某城镇污水处理厂NPR工艺的特点及运行状况。通过对污水厂的运行监测数据分析,研究了该工艺在低温条件下处理城镇生活污水时的脱氮除磷效果。结果表明:NPR工艺具有一定的优异性,它能在降低能耗的前提下使系统COD和SS的去除率进一步降低,出水能达到中水回用标准,有利于污水的再生利用;低温影响NPR系统的硝化及反硝化率,低温下有机物的去除更易受到有机负荷的影响;温度对生物去除SS,COD和TP的效果影响不大,对NH3-N及TN的去除效果影响比较明显。低温下污水处理厂COD、SS、NH3-N、TN、TP的平均去除率分别为72.1%、94.9%、67.5%、55.1%、66.5%。     

Fertilizer source effect on ground and surface water quality in drainage from turfgrass

Nutrients in surface and ground water can affect human and aquatic organisms that rely on water for consumption and habitat. A mass-balance field study was conducted over two years (July 2000-May 2001) to determine the effect of nutrient source on turfgrass runoff and leachate. Treatments were arranged in an incomplete randomized block design on a slope of 7 to 9% of Arkport sandy loam (coarseloamy, mixed, active, mesic Lamellic Hapludalf) and seeded with Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Three natural organic (dairy and swine compost and a biosolid) and two synthetic organic nutrient sources (readily available urea and controlled-release N source sulfur-coated urea) were applied at rates of 50 and 100 kg N ha(-1) per application (200 kg ha(-1) yr(-1)). Runoff water collected from 33 storms and composite monthly leachate samples collected with ion exchange resins were analyzed for nitrate (NO3- -N), phosphate (PO4(3-) -P), and ammonium (NH4+ -N). Nutrient concentrations and losses in both runoff and leachate were highest for the 20-wk period following turfgrass seeding. The NO3- -N and NH4+ -N losses declined significantly once turfgrass cover was established, but PO4(3-) -P levels increased in Year 2. Turf's ability to reduce nutrient runoff and leachate was related to overall plant growth and shoot density. The use of natural organics resulted in greater P loss on a percent applied P basis, while the more soluble synthetic organics resulted in greater N loss.     

凡河榛子岭水库上游河段水质现状及污染防治对策

以2012年4月至10月的水质监测数据为基础,分析了凡河榛子岭水库上游河段水体的水质状况。结果表明：仅夹河厂断面9月监测的水质符合Ⅲ类水质要求,其余各月3个断面监测的水质均超出Ⅴ类水质标准,超标项目主要是总氮、氨氮和总磷;各监测断面水质除总氮、氨氮和总磷超标外,其他项目基本达到Ⅲ类水质标准。凡河榛子岭水库上游河段丰水期各监测项目的浓度值明显大于平水期和枯水期时期。导致水质超标的原因主要是农村面源污染。     

On-farm evaluation of aluminum sulfate (alum) as a poultry litter amendment: effects on litter properties

Aluminum sulfate [alum; Al2(SO4)3] amendment of poultry litters has been suggested as a best management practice to help reduce the potential environmental effects of poultry production. Past research has shown that alum treatment reduced NH3 emissions from litters, decreased the loss in runoff of P and trace metals from litter-amended soils, improved poultry health, and reduced the costs of poultry production. We conducted a large scale, "on-farm" evaluation of alum as a poultry (broiler) litter amendment on the Delmarva peninsula to determine the effect of alum on (i) litter properties and elemental composition and (ii) the solubility of several elements in litter that are of particular concern for water quality (Al, As, Cu, P, and Zn). Alum was applied over a 16-mo period to 97 poultry houses on working poultry farms; 97 houses on other farms served as controls (no alum). Litter samples were analyzed initially and after approximately seven alum applications. We found that alum decreased litter pH and the water solubility of P, As, Cu, and Zn. Alum-treated houses also had higher litter total N, NH4-N, and total S concentrations and thus a greater overall fertilizer value than litters from the control houses. Higher litter NH4-N values also suggest that alum reduced NH3 losses from litters. Thus, alum appears to have promise as a best management practice (BMP) for poultry production. Future research should focus on the long-term transformations of P, Al, As, Cu, and Zn in soils amended with alum-treated litters.     

四川省出川断面主要污染物通量及来源研究

以2001～2007年实测水文、水质数据为基础,计算了四川省主要出川断面高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)和氨氮(NH3-N)污染负荷通量;利用断面水质目标约束,通过污染负荷历时曲线,分析了区域水环境承载力;在基流分割的基础上,利用水文分割法,识别了区域污染物的主要来源,为从源头上开展三峡水库水环境保护提供数据支撑。分析结果表明,各出川断面干流主要污染物(CODMn、NH3-N)大致在可接受的范围内,2001年以来,出川断面CODMn通量呈降低的趋势,有效的减缓了输入三峡库区的污染物总量,氨氮通量整体稳定。嘉陵江、涪江、渠江流域污染物来源主要为非点源,应重点加强面源的污染防控;长江干流为点面源混合型,简单的削减点源已不能保证高功能水体要求,应加强点源和面源污染的综合防控。     

饮马河流域长春段污染现状与水环境负荷演变特征

为研究饮马河流域长春段水质污染现状和污染负荷演变特征,以饮马河流域长春段的五个国考断面为水质监测点,通过对国考断面水体水质中含有的COD、NH3-N、TP浓度的检测分析,研究区域的水质污染现状和不同水期对污染负荷的影响规律,同时对2020年各考核断面的污染负荷进行估算.经估算,在2020年,计算单元总的COD负荷年排放...     

利用生态池净化玉泉景点富营养化水的研究

在人工湿地的基础上建立生态池，来净化杭州植物园玉泉观鱼景点观鱼池富营养化水质。结果表明该生态池在每年的不同季度内对总氮（TN）、氨氮（NH3-N）、总磷（TP）、化学需氧量（CODMn）、五日生化需氧量（BOD5）、溶解氧（DO）、浊度（TURB）、电导率（COND）均有较好的改善和净化效果，对硝态氮（NO3-N）的净化能力稍弱；总氮和氨氮的去除率在夏季最高，分别达到26．6％和87．7％，总磷在春季的去除率最高，为56．3％，硝态氮、CODMn和BOD5在秋季去除率最高，分别为8．05％、65．9％和73．9％。生态池的净化出水水质略低于地下水，但可以替代地下水来给养鱼池换水，为解决景区富营养化水质提供了一个好的途径。     

Tillage and nutrient source effects on surface and subsurface water quality at corn planting

This study quantified the effects of tillage (moldboard plowing [MP], ridge tillage [RT]) and nutrient source (manure and commercial fertilizer [urea and triple superphosphate]) on sediment, NH4+ -N, NO3- -N, total P, particulate P, and soluble P losses in surface runoff and subsurface tile drainage from a clay loam soil. Treatment effects were evaluated using simulated rainfall immediately after corn (Zea mays L.) planting, the most vulnerable period for soil erosion and water quality degradation. Sediment, total P, soluble P, and NH4+ -N losses mainly occurred in surface runoff. The NO3- -N losses primarily occurred in subsurface tile drainage. In combined (surface and subsurface) flow, the MP treatment resulted in nearly two times greater sediment loss than RT (P < 0.01). Ridge tillage with urea lost at least 11 times more NH4+ -N than any other treatment (P < 0.01). Ridge tillage with manure also had the most total and soluble P losses of all treatments (P < 0.01). If all water quality parameters were equally important, then moldboard plow with manure would result in least water quality degradation of the combined flow followed by moldboard plow with urea or ridge tillage with urea (equivalent losses) and ridge tillage with manure. Tillage systems that do not incorporate surface residue and amendments appear to be more vulnerable to soluble nutrient losses mainly in surface runoff but also in subsurface drainage (due to macropore flow). Tillage systems that thoroughly mix residue and amendments in surface soil appear to be more prone to sediment and sediment-associated nutrient (particulate P) losses via surface runoff.