污水灌溉的研究进展

科学合理地利用污水灌溉,可以缓解日益紧张的水资源供需矛盾,充分利用污水的水肥资源,提高经济效益,保护生态环境.总结了国内外污水灌溉的发展概况和研究进展,包括污水灌溉对土壤理化特性的影响、对植物生长的影响以及对地下水的影响,并针对中国污水灌溉存在的问题,探讨了污水灌溉技术的发展方向.     

Environmental education and research in Greece

Conclusions  The particular characteristics of Greece’s natural environment (extended coastal areas, unique and protected species) and the indissoluble linkages between economic activities and natural resources, in combination with the worldwide growing concern for environmental protection, initiated a wide activity on issues related to environmental protection in Greece. Following the establishment of legislation for environmental protection and preservation, Greece has undertaken significant steps in research areas related to environmental chemistry, technology, engineering, biotechnology, management and ecology. This continuously growing research activity is closely followed by an expanding educational framework, which aids to the training of experts and scientists able to deal with the major (national and trans-boundary) environmental issues of our times. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1065/espr2000.08.036     

中国微生物絮凝剂的生产研究现状

微生物絮凝剂具有降解性能好、应用广泛、成本低、操作简单及不会导致二次污染等优点,正日益引起人们的广泛重视.综述了微生物絮凝剂的开发研究状况,系统介绍了微生物絮凝剂的培养条件、产絮凝微生物生长的影响因素以及中国目前利用废水生产微生物絮凝剂的现状,并指出了微生物絮凝剂生产的现存问题和发展方向.     

Ecotoxicological research and related legislation in Serbia

Introduction

Several hot spots of severe freshwater pollution and sediment contamination (mostly heavy metals, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls) have been identified in Serbia as the consequence of outdated environmental legislation, negligible amounts of properly treated waste waters and accidental spills.

Discussion

Since ecotoxicological methods have never been incorporated into risk assessment procedures, mandatory effluent discharge or ambient water monitoring programmes, ecotoxicological research, based on bioaccumulation studies, conventional ecotoxicological tests and, recently, biomarkers of exposure and effect have been restricted to independent small- to medium-scale studies, conducted, basically, to confirm, underline or oppose the results of chemical-based monitoring and to lament on inadequate environmental regulations/policy and management practice. Although hot and unresolved ecotoxicological problems still remain beyond the reach of ecotoxicological research currently conducted in Serbia, or are tackled only sporadically, it is to be expected that on-going research and institutional capacity building should, hopefully, increase the competence and competitiveness of scientific community and speed up the process of harmonisation of national environmental legislation and policy with European Union.

     

Towards a renewed research agenda in ecotoxicology

New concerns about biodiversity, ecosystem services and human health triggered several new regulations increasing the need for sound ecotoxicological risk assessment. The PEER network aims to share its view on the research issues that this challenges. PEER scientists call for an improved biologically relevant exposure assessment. They promote comprehensive effect assessment at several biological levels. Biological traits should be used for Environmental risk assessment (ERA) as promising tools to better understand relationships between structure and functioning of ecosystems. The use of modern high throughput methods could also enhance the amount of data for a better risk assessment. Improved models coping with multiple stressors or biological levels are necessary to answer for a more scientifically based risk assessment. Those methods must be embedded within life cycle analysis or economical models for efficient regulations. Joint research programmes involving humanities with ecological sciences should be developed for a sound risk management.     

聚天冬氨酸制造工艺研究进展

聚天冬氨酸具有高生物可降解性 ,是一种优良的“环境友好”型阻垢分散剂和缓蚀剂。它是一种新型水处理剂。本文系统地介绍了近年来聚天冬氨酸合成方法的最新研究成果 ,分析了各种合成方法和反应条件对产品转化率及其性能的影响 ,概括了控制产品转化率与摩尔质量的主要因素和产品的分离提纯方法 ,提出了今后聚天冬氨酸制造工艺研究的发展方向     

Environmental monitoring and research in the Abisko area-an overview

This article gives an overview of the studies on the environment surrounding the Abisko Scientific Research Station in Swedish Lapland. The long-term monitoring of the Station on processes related to the climate, and to the physical, biotic, and chemical environmental conditions is particularly addressed. Some variables are recorded since more than 100 years. The obtained data in combination with results from short-term studies and manipulation experiments are important to understand past and future conditions of the ecosystems. This has practical applications for the planning of tourism, transports, reindeer herding, and for societal purposes.     

沸石粉在污泥生态床中的应用研究

研究了不同沸石粉投加比例对污泥脱水、沉降、干化时间、污泥生态床中植物根部干重的影响,最终选定沸石粉投加比例为6%。在此投加比例下,对污泥生态床中的氮磷含量进行了测定,结果表明,黄花鸢尾床与芦苇床,总磷含量下降分别为13.2%和12.2%;总氮含量下降分别为48.3%和49.2%;硝氮含量下降分别为67.2%和70.2%。     

湿地生态地球化学研究进展

湿地生态地球化学研究是湿地研究的核心内容之一, 是研究其物理过程、化学过程和生物过程及其相互关系以及这些过程与湿地功能的关系.回顾了近年来国内外湿地生态地球化学方面的研究成果,介绍了它的概念,并评述了湿地的生态功能、元素地球化学、生物地球化学、湿地模型和3S技术等新技术在湿地研究中的应用等方面的研究进展.提出了中国湿地生态地球化学研究的优先领域,应加强湿地基础理论研究及在湿地的演化、生态过程、界面过程、预测与评价、信息系统等方面的研究.     

生态系统健康研究综述与展望

生态系统健康是新兴的生态系统管理学概念,是环境管理和生态系统管理的目标.在调研文献的基础上阐述了生态系统健康概念的产生、发展及内涵,分析了不同尺度下的评价指标体系,着重回顾和讨论了生态系统健康的评价方法及其存在的问题,以期为生态系统管理提供理论基础.     

杭州市区蔬菜基地蔬菜重金属含量研究

通过对杭州市区主要蔬菜基地蔬菜中8种重金属含量监测分析与评价，结果表明，江干区蔬菜基地除茄果类蔬菜外，其他种类蔬菜中部分重金属指标均存在超标现象。下沙经济开发区蔬菜基地蔬菜中重金属含量均未超标。     

垃圾焚烧飞灰综合利用研究进展

焚烧处理是解决日益增长生活垃圾的有效方法。垃圾焚烧产生的飞灰因含有大量的重金属等污染物而属危险废物 ,目前常采用的处理方法是填埋。本文就垃圾飞灰的综合利用研究现状进行了论述。从环境和技术的角度看 ,垃圾飞灰的预处理、水泥固化和玻璃化是目前飞灰综合利用的主要研究方向     

Methods research: Determination of dioxins in fish and sediment

This communication describes a simple isolation/extraction procedure for fish and sediment samples based on acid digestion, gel permeation chromatography, trisodium phosphate treatment, micro-alumina chromatography and carbon fibre colum chromatography. The cleaned extracts are analysed for tetrachloro dibenzo-p-dioxins using GC-ECD screening and HRGC-MS (multiple ion dection) confirmation.     

Heavy metals research in Nigeria: a review of studies and prioritization of research needs

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Nigeria is experiencing continuous economic and industrial transformations, typical of many developing nations. In addition to its well-established...     

昆明市污水排水系统产甲烷规律的模拟实验研究

通过对昆明市餐饮和居民生活污水厌氧模拟实验研究,初步探讨生活污水中CH4的产生规律,实验结果表明,在自然条件下,餐饮和居民生活污水中产生的甲烷浓度最大值分别为1.63 mg/L和3.82 mg/L。并且将COD、硫酸盐、硫化物、TN的浓度变化与甲烷浓度变化进行Pearson简单相关性分析,结果表明,1/COD、COD/硫酸盐和1/TN与甲烷在置信度为0.01时极显著相关,硫化物与甲烷在置信度为0.05时不相关;COD、硫酸盐和TN浓度的变化对生活污水中甲烷的产生起关键性作用。对居民生活污水中甲烷产生规律进行温度和pH控制分析研究,实验结果表明,生活污水在25~30℃时,24 h内甲烷产生量最大值为8.6494 mg/L,明显大于其他温度段的甲烷产生量;在pH为7~8之间时,甲烷的产生量在24 h内达到的最大值为3.0477 mg/L,明显高于其他pH控制段的甲烷产生量。     

射流曝气器研究进展

射流曝气技术的应用与完善 ,有赖于射流曝气器的研制与发展。本文综述了射流曝气器的研究进展 ,并根据供气方式、工作压力、结构类型、安装方式、安装高度进行了分类 ,其中着重详述了对研发射流器比较重要的结构类型 ,最后指出射流曝气器的研究趋势     

农药毒死蜱的生态风险及其微生物修复技术研究进展

毒死蜱是替代甲胺磷和对硫磷等高毒农药的高效有机磷杀虫剂,在世界范围得到广泛使用.但是,环境毒理学研究发现,毒死蜱对生态环境具有潜在的危险性,甚至被认为具有干扰内分泌的功能,许多国家对毒死蜱在农产品中的残留量有严格的规定.因此,深入研究毒死蜱的生态风险问题是当务之急.对国内外关于毒死蜱的残留活性、生态毒理、降解机制以及生物修复等方面的研究进行了综述,以期对毒死蜱的合理管理和使用提供科学依据.