Mg/Al/Fe型类水滑石焙烧产物吸附去除水中硫酸根离子

通过共沉淀法制备了Mg/AUFe型类水滑石(MgAlFe-HTLCs)并在500℃下焙烧得焙烧产物(HTLCs-500),利用HTLCs-500吸附去除水中的硫酸根离子,并用X射线衍射对MgAlFe-HTLCs及HTLCs-500吸附硫酸根离子前后的结构进行了表征,研究了环境中其他因素对HTLCs-500吸附硫酸根离子的影响.结果表明,实验数据对准二级动力学模型的拟合结果最好;吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温模型,通过实验得到HTLCs-500对硫酸根离子的最大吸附量为157.73 mg/g,和Langmuir等温线得到的理论最大吸附量161.29 mg/g相差不大,对硫酸根离子具有良好的吸附性能;硫酸根溶液的初始pH值对HTLCs-500吸附硫酸根离子的性能影响不大,最佳pH值为3;X射线衍射结果表明,HTLCs-500吸附去除硫酸根离子的机理之一为HTLCs-500通过吸附硫酸根离子来恢复层状结构.     

交联羧甲基玉米淀粉对水溶液中铅离子吸附性能的优化研究

以玉米淀粉为原料,采用先醚化后交联改性工艺合成了交联羧甲基玉米淀粉吸附剂。在单因素试验的基础上,采用Box-Benhnken的中心组合试验设计及响应面分析法,研究了交联羧甲基玉米淀粉吸附剂用量、吸附时间和pH值3因素对水溶液中铅离子吸附效果的影响,得出了吸附剂对铅离子吸附效果的回归模型。结果表明,最佳吸附工艺参数为吸附剂用量0.22 g,pH值为6.6,吸附时间32.9 min,交联羧甲基玉米淀粉对铅离子吸附容量可达44.72 mg/g,铅离子去除率达到98.38%。常温下吸附动力学模型符合Freundlich等温式Q=0.4152C^0.9894。采用0.9 mol/L盐酸溶液作为解析液,铅离子回收率可达97.55%。     

UV/TiO2光催化降解水体中的邻苯二甲酸二甲酯

酞酸酯是环境中普遍存在的有机污染物(内分泌干扰物)之一。利用UV/TiO2光催化降解水体中的邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP),讨论了溶液pH、TiO2投加量及DMP初始浓度等因素对DMP降解的影响。结果表明,DMP为10mg/L左右时,TiO2投加量为0.2～0.5g/L、pH=7是比较理想的降解条件;DMP初始浓度越高,其降解率则越低。研究了Langmuir-Hinshelwood模式下DMP在TiO2表面的吸附与催化活性的关系,发现DMP主要通过吸附在催化剂的表面而非在溶液本体中发生降解。线性回归计算所得光照条件下的吸附常数远大于无光照条件下的吸附常数,可能是由于UV和TiO2体系之间产生协同效应,提高了UV/TiO2体系对DMP的降解效果。另外,初步分析了可能的降解反应机制。     

Photocatalytic degradation kinetics and mechanism of phenobarbital in TiO2 aqueous solution

5-Ethyl-5-phenylpyrimidine-2,4,6(1H, 3H, 5H)-trione is an anti-convulsant used to treat disorders of movement, e.g. tremors. This work deals with the transformation of phenobarbital by UV/TiO₂ heterogeneous photocatalysis, to assess the decomposition of the pharmaceutical compound, to identify intermediates, as well as to elucidate some mechanistic details of the degradation. The photocatalytic removal efficiency of 100 μm phenobarbital is about 80% within 60 min, while the degradation efficiency of phenobarbital was better in alkaline solution. The study on contribution of reactive oxidative species (ROSs) has shown that OH is responsible for the major degradation of phenobarbital, while the photohole, photoelectrons and the other ROSs have the minor contribution to the degradation. Finally, based on the identification of degradation intermediates, two main photocatalytic degradation pathways have been tentatively proposed, including the hydroxylation and cleavage of pyrimidine ring in the phenobarbital molecule respectively. Certainly, the phenobarbital can be mineralized when the photocatalytic reaction time prolongs.     

TiO2/EP光催化降解水体中微污染磺胺嘧啶的研究

制备了膨胀珍珠岩（EP）为载体的TiO2催化剂（TiO2/EP）,对使用较为广泛的抗生素磺胺嘧啶（SDZ）进行了光催化降解研究,探讨了TiO2的负载量、溶液的初始浓度、初始pH、无机离子（HCO3^-、SO4^2-和Cl^-）和腐殖酸（HA）对SDZ降解效果的影响。结果表明：SDZ的光催化降解符合一级反应动力学方程;当TiO2最佳负载量为20 wt%,SDZ浓度为5 mg/L,pH=6.7,紫外光照射强度为1 000μW/cm^2,反应时间为45 min时,SDZ的降解率达到96%;HCO3^-在低浓度时能促进SDZ的光催化降解,高浓度时促进作用不明显;SO4^2-和Cl^-对SDZ的光催化降解有轻微的抑制作用;HA对SDZ光催化降解有显著的抑制作用,浓度越高,抑制作用越强。UV-TiO2/EP是一种去除水体中微污染SDZ的有效方法。     

Presence of bacteria in aqueous solution influences virus adsorption on nanoparticles

Virus contamination in wastewater is usually accompanied by the existence of various bacteria. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been shown to efficiently remove virus. In this study, bacterial cells, supernatants, and cultures were harvested separately from three strains at the culture ages of 6 and 24 h, corresponding to the log and stationary phases, respectively. The aim is to investigate how their presence affects virus adsorption on the three Fe and Al oxide NPs (α-Fe₂O₃, γ-Fe₂O₃-B, and Al₂O₃) and how these effects change with bacterial growth phase. Bacteriophage phiX174 was used as a virus model. Results showed that bacterial cells, supernatants, and cultures harvested at 6 h generally reduced virus adsorption by an average of 0.75?±?0.84, 7.7?±?9.0, and 10.3?±?8.6 %, respectively, while those harvested at 24 h reduced virus adsorption by an average of 2.1?±?0.93, 21.5?±?6.6, and 24.6?±?6.9 %, respectively. Among the NPs, α-Fe₂O₃ showed more sensitivity to bacteria than the other two, probably because of its relatively higher value of point of zero charge. It was found that cell-induced and supernatant-induced reductions were combined to achieve added results, in which the supernatants contributed much more than the cells, implying that the bacterial exudates might be more crucial in the reduced virus adsorption than the bacterial cells. These results strongly demonstrated that the bacteria-induced reduction in virus adsorption became more significant with culture age. It is suggested that studies conducted in the absence of bacteria may not accurately evaluate the potential of virus removal efficiency of the NPs in bacteria-containing environments.     

Temperature-responsive graphene oxide/N-isopropylacrylamide/2-allylphenol nanocomposite for the removal of phenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol from aqueous solution

In this study, a novel thermo-responsive polymer was synthesized with efficient grafting of N-isopropylacrylamide as a thermosensitive polymer onto the graphene oxide surface for the efficient removal of phenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol from aqueous solutions. The synthesized polymer was conjugated with 2-allylphenol. Phenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol were monitored by ultra-performance liquid chromatography system equipped with a photodiode array detector. The nanoadsorbent was characterized by different techniques. The nanoadsorbent revealed high adsorption capacity where the removal percentages of 91 and 99% were found under optimal conditions for phenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol, respectively (for phenol; adsorbent dosage = 0.005 g, pH = 8, temperature= 25 °C, contact time = 60 min; for 2,4-dichlorophenol; adsorbent dosage = 0.005 g, pH = 5, temperature = 25 °C, contact time = 10 min). Adsorption of phenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol onto nanoadsorbent followed pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models, respectively. The values of ΔG (average value = ? 11.39 kJ mol^?1 for phenol and 13.42 kJ mol^?1 for 2,4-dichlorophenol), ΔH (? 431.72 J mol^?1 for phenol and ? 15,721.8 J mol^?1 for 2,4-dichlorophenol), and ΔS (35.39 J mol^?1 K^?1 for phenol and ? 7.40 J mol^?1 K^?1 for 2,4-dichlorophenol) confirmed spontaneous and exothermic adsorption. The reusability study indicated that the adsorbent can be reused in the wastewater treatment application. Thermosensitive nanoadsorbent could be used as a low-cost and efficient sorbent for phenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol removal from wastewater samples.

     

Preparation of montmorillonite grafted polyacrylic acid composite and study on its adsorption properties of lanthanum ions from aqueous solution

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Montmorillonite grafted polyacrylic acid composite (GNM) was prepared by using ultraviolet radiation grafting method in this work. The synthesized...     

Photoelectrocatalytic degradation of pentachlorophenol in aqueous solution using a TiO2 nanotube film electrode

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotube film electrodes are fabricated by the anodic oxidation method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that these tubes were well aligned and organized into high-density uniform arrays. XRD analysis showed the TiO2 nanotubes to be in the anatase crystal form. The TiO2 nanotube film electrode exhibited increased photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) capability compared to a traditional TiO2 film electrode fabricated using the anodizing method for pentachlorophenol (PCP) degradation in aqueous solution. The bias potential, pH value, and electrolyte concentration were shown to be important factors influencing the degradation of PCP by the PEC method using the TiO2 nanotube film electrode as the working electrode.     

一种光催化体系光催化降解苯胺的研究

以钛酸丁酯为原料．以膨润土为载体,用酸性溶胶法合成TiO2纳米复合物,并利用该复合物作催化剂,在H2O2存在下进行光催化降解苯胺溶液。结果表明,该催化剂在UV／H2O2系统中对苯胺溶液有很好的光催化降解效果,其效果优于纯TiO2;H2O2的存在提高了苯胺光催化降解速率,在本实验条件下其最佳摩尔浓度是5mmol／L;溶液pH是影响反应速率的重要因素．pH在中性范围内具有更强的光催化活性;该体系中苯胺能够有效地被降解,其光催化反应遵循一级反应动力学规律。     

Photocatalytic degradation of AZO dyes by supported TiO2 + UV in aqueous solution

The photocatalytic degradation performance of photocatalysts TiO2 supported on 13-X, Na-Y, 4A zeolites with different loading content was evaluated using the photocatalytic oxidation of dyes direct fast scarlet 4BS and acid red 3B in aqueous medium. The results showed that the best reaction dosage of TiO2-zeolite catalysts is about 2 g/l and the photocatalytic kinetics follows first order for all supported catalysts. The photocatalytic activity order of the three series catalysts is 13X type >Y type >4A type. The physical state of titanium dioxide on the supports is evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET, and FTIR.     

基于给水污泥吸附水溶液中磷的影响因素

以给水污泥为吸附材料,采用正交实验与单因素实验研究了多种因素对除磷效果的影响。正交实验结果表明最佳反应条件为:pH为3,粒径1.98 mm,投加量8.0 g/L,吸附时间24 h。结合SEM/XRD和EDS等表征方法,对给水污泥的表面形貌和结构特征进行表征和分析。Langmuir、Freundlich和D-R等温吸附方程均能较好的拟合给水污泥对磷的吸附特征。在298、308和318 K温度下,Langmuir拟合得到的理论饱和吸附量分别为3.47、3.84和4.39 mg/g。由D-R方程计算的吸附自由能E为10.77~10.83 kJ/mol,表明吸附过程为离子交换吸附。     

新型TCAS吸附树脂对水中Cd2+的吸附去除研究

通过静态吸附试验,研究一种由超分子受体化合物磺化硫杂杯芳烃（TCAS）与树脂结合的产物——新型TCAS吸附树脂对重金属Cd²⁺的吸附去除性能,并初步探讨了吸附机理。试验研究结果表明,TCAS吸附树脂对Cd²⁺的饱和吸附量为14.45 mg/g。当温度为20℃,0.5 g TCAS吸附树脂对10 mL浓度为5 mg/L的Cd²⁺溶液吸附60 min时, Cd²⁺的去除率可达到99%以上。pH值是影响TCAS吸附树脂吸附效果的重要因素,在pH=5～9时,Cd²⁺的去除率随着pH值的升高而增大。在试验范围内,TCAS吸附树脂对Cd²⁺吸附符合Freundlich方程。吸附在TCAS吸附树脂上的Cd²⁺可洗脱回收,TCAS吸附树脂也可再生利用。 TCAS吸附树脂对重金属Cd²⁺的吸附机理主要归因于TCAS对Cd²⁺的络合作用。     

Removal of Pb2+ from aqueous solution by adsorption on chemically modified muskmelon peel

A cost-effective biosorbent was prepared by a green chemical modification process from muskmelon peel by saponification with alkaline solution of Ca(OH)₂. Its adsorption behavior for lead ions was investigated and found to exhibit excellent adsorption properties. Results showed that the optimal equilibrium pH range for 100 % adsorption is from 4 up to 6.4. Adsorption equilibrium was attained within 10 min. The adsorption process can be described well by Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order kinetics equation, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity for lead ions was found to be 0.81 mol/kg. Pectic acid contained in the muskmelon peel is the main factor responsible for the uptake of lead ions onto the gel, and the chemical modification process presented in this study can be assumed effective to prepare other similar biomaterials. The large adsorption capacity and the fast adsorption rate indicated that chemically saponified muskmelon peel gel in present study has great potential to be used as a cost-effective adsorbent for the removal of lead ions from the water.     

Radiolysis of aqueous 4-nitrophenol solution with Al2O3 or TiO2 nanoparticles

Aqueous 4-nitrophenol solutions containing TiO₂ or Al₂O₃ nanoparticles were irradiated with electron beam. 4-nitrophenol was decomposed by the ionizing radiation process in the absence of the nanoparticles. The addition of TiO₂ or Al₂O₃ (2 g l⁻¹) before irradiation improved the removal of 4-nitrophenol, total organic carbon (TOC) but also nitrogen (TN). To identify the origin of the loss (catalysis or simply adsorption), TiO₂ or Al₂O₃ nanoparticles were added after irradiation. Experiments show that the effect of the presence of TiO₂ or Al₂O₃ during irradiation is just due to adsorption.     

啤酒酵母菌对溶液中锶离子的吸附行为

利用废弃啤酒酵母菌为生物吸附剂,考察了pH、啤酒酵母菌加入量、锶离子初始浓度、吸附时间等对锶离子吸附行为的影响,并通过红外光谱分析探讨了吸附机制.结果表明:(1)在吸附温度为25℃、pH为4.5、啤酒酵母菌加入量为2.0 g/L、锶离子初始质量浓度为10.0 mg/L、吸附60 min的条件下,啤酒酵母菌对锶离子的吸附基本达到平衡.(2)啤酒酵母菌对锶离子的吸附较好地符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温式,且以Langmuir吸附等温式拟合效果更优.在吸附温度为25℃、pH为4.5、啤酒酵母菌加入量为2.0 g/L、吸附时间为180 min、锶离子初始质量浓度为5.0～250.0 mg/L的条件下,啤酒酵母菌对锶离子的理论饱和吸附量为29.67 mg/g.(3)啤酒酵母菌吸附锶离子前后的红外图谱显示.部分吸收峰发生了位移并且透过率改变.推断在啤酒酵母菌吸附锶离子的过程中,锶离子先与NH2和酰胺基团中的N原子进行配位络合,随后被络合了的锶作为成核位点再吸附更多的锶离子在表面.此外,蛋白质特征谱带--酰胺Ⅰ带和酰胺Ⅱ带吸收峰的透过率也发生变化,可能是啤酒酵母菌蛋白质上的官能团也结合了锶离子.     

Degradation of ampicillin antibiotic in aqueous solution by ZnO/polyaniline nanocomposite as photocatalyst under sunlight irradiation

PURPOSE AND METHOD: ZnO/polyaniline nanocomposite in core-shell structure was prepared by the synthesis and adsorption of polyaniline chains on the structure of ZnO nanoparticles. Fourier transform infrared and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction patterns, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the composition and structure of the nanocomposite. The nanocomposite was used as an active photocatalyst for photodegradation and removal of ampicillin in aqueous solution. RESULTS: UV-Vis spectroscopy studies showed that ZnO/polyaniline nanocomposite absorbs visible light irradiation as well as ultraviolet spectrum, and therefore, it can be photoactivated under visible and ultraviolet lights. The photocatalytic activity of ZnO/polyaniline nanocomposite in degradation of ampicillin molecules in aqueous solution under natural sunlight irradiation was evaluated and compared with that of ZnO nanoparticles and pristine polyaniline. The ZnO/polyaniline core-shell nanocomposite exhibited higher photocatalytic activity compared to ZnO nanoparticles and pristine polyaniline. The effect of operating conditions (pH, ZnO/polyaniline nanocomposite dosage, and ampicillin concentration) in the photocatalytic degradation of ampicillin using ZnO/polyaniline nanocomposite was investigated. The optimum conditions for maximum efficiency of ampicillin degradation under 120 min sunlight irradiation were found as 10 mg L(-1) dosage of ZnO/polyaniline nanocomposite, ampicillin concentration of 4.5 mg L(-1), and solution pH?=?5. Under optimum operating conditions, degradation efficiency was reached to 41% after 120 min of exposure to the sunlight irradiation.     

新型TCAS吸附树脂对水中Cd~(2+)的吸附去除研究

通过静态吸附试验,研究一种由超分子受体化合物磺化硫杂杯芳烃(TCAS)与树脂结合的产物--新型TCAS吸附树脂对重金属Cd2+的吸附去除性能,并初步探讨了吸附机理.试验研究结果表明,TCAS吸附树脂对Cd2+的饱和吸附量为14.45 mg/g.当温度为20℃,0.5 g TCAS吸附树脂对10 mL浓度为5 mg/L的Cd2+溶液吸附60 min时,Cd2+的去除率可达到99%以上.pH值是影响TCAS吸附树脂吸附效果的重要因素,在pH=5～9时,Cd2+的去除率随着pH值的升高而增大.在试验范围内,TCAS吸附树脂对Cd2+吸附符合Freundlich方程.吸附在TCAS吸附树脂上的Cd2+可洗脱回收,TCAS吸附树脂也可再生利用.TCAS吸附树脂对重金属Cd2+的吸附机理主要归因于TCAS对Cd2+的络合作用.     

Photodegradation of alachlor with the TiO(2) film immobilised on the glass tube in aqueous solution

Alachlor photodegradation was performed using TiO(2), which was synthesized by a modified sol-gel method. The thickness of a TiO(2) film immobilised by a 5-time dip-coating was 174 nm and the average diameter of TiO(2) particles was about 10-15 nm in SEM images. The crystal structure of a TiO(2) film calcinated at 300 degrees C for 1 h was observed as a typical anatase type. The stability of a TiO(2) film by a modified sol-gel method was 4% better than TiO(2) by a typical sol-gel method.The removal rate of alachlor with both Fe(3+) and UV radiation in the absence of TiO(2) was 0.28 mg/l/h in 10 h and the removal rate of alachlor with Fe(3+)/UV in the presence of TiO(2) was 0.32 g/l/h, which was higher by 14% than that with Fe(3+)/UV system. TOC concentration during the alachlor degradation with both TiO(2) and UV radiation in the absence of added Fe(3+) decreased from 100%, through 81% and 51%, to 44% with time elapses of 4, 8, and 10 h, respectively, while TOC concentration with both added Fe(3+) and UV radiation in the absence of TiO(2) decreased from 100% to 70% in 10 h.     

简青霉对水溶液中碱木质素的吸附和降解的机理

通过一系列实验研究碳源浓度、培养箱转速、碱木质素浓度以及菌体活性等因素对简青霉菌丝球在溶液中吸附碱木质素的影响,并探讨其生物吸附机理;确定最佳碳源浓度和转速,分别为10 g/L和150 r/min。当碱木质素浓度小于0.5 g/L时,吸附效果较好,由菌丝球活性对照实验以及电镜照片可知吸附作用主要是由菌丝球的物理结构决定的,与其是否具有活性关系不大。通过吸附等温实验确定菌丝球的最大吸附量为30.3 mg/g,且吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附模型。另外,过氧化氢对木质素降解酶影响的实验证明,木质素过氧化物酶和锰过氧化物酶均需要过氧化氢的启动才能催化降解木质素,并且在降解过程中,木质素过氧化物酶和锰过氧化物酶的作用远远大于漆酶。