The relationship between land use land cover and land surface temperature using remote sensing: systematic reviews of studies globally over the past 5 years

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The land surface temperature (LST) has been increased worldwide from time to time with the rapid increase of impervious surfaces such as built-up...     

Impact assessment of urban development patterns on land surface temperature by using remote sensing techniques: a case study of Lahore,Faisalabad and Multan district

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Urban Heat Island (UHI) is related to the theory of higher atmosphere and surface temperature taking place in the city area as compared to the nearby...     

How changing grain size affects the land surface temperature pattern in rapidly urbanizing area: a case study of the central urban districts of Hangzhou City,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Urbanization has led to the rapid and large-scale changes in land use and land cover and has affected the spatial distribution of land surface...     

污泥的粘度与浓度、温度三者关系式的实验推导

通过融合污泥粘度与污泥浓度关系式、污泥粘度与温度关系式，得到一个新的关系式：污泥粘度与污泥浓度、温度的关系式，并通过实验数据拟合出各项参数，拟合效果比较理想。得出的污泥粘度与污泥浓度、温度的关系式对了解污泥的粘度变化非常有帮助，同时，该关系式也将为污泥处理、处置方案的制定提供参考依据。     

污泥的粘度与浓度、温度三者关系式的实验推导

通过融合污泥粘度与污泥浓度关系式、污泥粘度与温度关系式,得到一个新的关系式:污泥粘度与污泥浓度、温度的关系式,并通过实验数据拟合出各项参数,拟合效果比较理想.得出的污泥粘度与污泥浓度、温度的关系式对了解污泥的粘度变化非常有帮助,同时,该关系式也将为污泥处理、处置方案的制定提供参考依据.     

Analysis of the relationship between ambient levels of O3, NO2 and NO as a function of NOx in the UK

Monitoring data from the UK Automatic Urban and Rural Network are used to investigate the relationships between ambient levels of ozone (O₃), nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) as a function of NO_x, for levels ranging from those typical of UK rural sites to those observed at polluted urban kerbside sites. Particular emphasis is placed on establishing how the level of ‘oxidant’, OX (taken to be the sum of O₃ and NO₂) varies with the level of NO_x, and therefore to gain some insight into the atmospheric sources of OX, particularly at polluted urban locations. The analyses indicate that the level of OX at a given location is made up of NO_x-independent and NO_x-dependent contributions. The former is effectively a regional contribution which equates to the regional background O₃ level, whereas the latter is effectively a local contribution which correlates with the level of primary pollution. The local oxidant source has probable contributions from (i) direct NO₂ emissions, (ii) the thermal reaction of NO with O₂ at high NO_x, and (iii) common-source emission of species which promote NO to NO₂ conversion. The final category may include nitrous acid (HONO), which appears to be emitted directly in vehicle exhaust, and is potentially photolysed to generate HO_x radicals on a short timescale throughout the year at southern UK latitudes. The analyses also show that the local oxidant source has significant site-to-site variations, and possible reasons for these variations are discussed. Relationships between OX and NO_x, based on annual mean data, and fitted functions describing the relative contributions to OX made by NO₂ and O₃, are used to define expressions which describe the likely variation of annual mean NO₂ as a function of NO_x at 14 urban and suburban sites, and which can take account of possible changes in the regional background of O₃.     

Quantitative analysis of the relationship between land use and urbanization development in typical arid areas

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - As the most sensitive and typical oasis city in the arid region of China, Jiayuguan, the role of land use change and urbanization in this region is...     

A functional perspective on the analysis of land use and land cover data in ecology

Assessments of large-scale changes in habitat are a priority for management and conservation. Traditional approaches use land use and land cover data (LULC) that focus mostly on “structural” properties of landscapes, rather than “functional” properties related to specific ecological processes. Here, we contend that designing functional analyses of LULC can provide important and complementary information to traditional, structural analyses. We substantiate this perspective with an example of functional changes in habitat due to industrial anthropogenic footprints in Alberta’s boreal forest, where there has been little overall forest loss (~ 6% structural change), but high levels of functional change (up to 93% functional change) for species’ habitat, biodiversity, and wildfire ignition. We discuss the methods needed to achieve functional LULC analyses, when they are most appropriate to add to structural assessments, and conclude by providing recommendations for analyses of LULC in a future of increasingly high-resolution, dynamic remote sensing data.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-020-01434-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

The relationship between surface adsorption and the hydrolysis of amitraz in anionic surfactant solutions

The adsorption of amitraz to various adsorbents was studied in terms of the amount and rate of adsorption and the effect that adsorption had on the stability of amitraz in an aqueous environment. Adsorption results showed that in terms of their ability to adsorb amitraz from solution the adsorbents tested in this study can be ordered as follows: coarse carbon > cation exchange resin > or = anion exchange resin > fine carbon. Amitraz was not adsorbed on sand and potassium oxihumate. Adding sodium lauryl sulfate and potassium oxihumate to aqueous suspensions of suspended adsorbents containing adsorbed amitraz showed that both these anionic surfactants significantly increased the hydrolysis rate because the half-lives for amitraz was reduced from 27 days for a suspension to only 8 hours for amitraz adsorbed to a cation exchange resin and suspended in an aqueous buffer pH 5.8 containing 0.5% of the anionic surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate and 12 hours when 1% potassium oxihumate was added.     

Assessing the relationship between global warming and mortality: lag effects of temperature fluctuations by age and mortality categories

Although interests in assessing the relationship between temperature and mortality have arisen due to climate change, relatively few data are available on lag structure of temperature-mortality relationship, particularly in the Southern Hemisphere. This study identified the lag effects of mean temperature on mortality among age groups and death categories using polynomial distributed lag models in Brisbane, Australia, a subtropical city, 1996-2004. For a 1 °C increase above the threshold, the highest percent increase in mortality on the current day occurred among people over 85 years (7.2% (95% CI: 4.3%, 10.2%)). The effect estimates among cardiovascular deaths were higher than those among all-cause mortality. For a 1 °C decrease below the threshold, the percent increases in mortality at 21 lag days were 3.9% (95% CI: 1.9%, 6.0%) and 3.4% (95% CI: 0.9%, 6.0%) for people aged over 85 years and with cardiovascular diseases, respectively. These findings may have implications for developing intervention strategies to reduce and prevent temperature-related mortality.     

羧甲基菊粉对CaCO3晶体表面Zeta电位及微观形貌的影响

羧甲基菊粉(CMI)是一种含有羧基(-COOH)的多糖类聚合物,探讨了其作为新型水处理药剂对CaCO3晶体结垢形成的影响.研究了其对CaCO3晶体表面Zeta电位的影响,将等浓度的Ca2+与CO2-3的溶液混合,适时测定CaCO3晶体生长过程中表面Zeta电位及溶液中pH的变化.实验结果表明,CaCO3晶体表面带有负电荷,在CaCO3晶体生长过程中加入CMI,对CaCO3晶体表面Zeta电位没有明显影响,使CaCO3溶液pH降低的趋势稍有减缓.并利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)等分析方法对新生成的CaCO3晶体进行表征,探讨CMI对CaCO3晶体微观形貌的影响.     

Investigations of ash topography/morphology and their relationship with heavy metals leachability

The leachability of heavy metals such as chromium (Cr), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) from the ash material obtained from waste combustion was studied. The effects of ash surface topography and morphology on the leachability of these elements were examined using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The AFM (scan size 10 x 10 microns) and SEM images of the simulated ash pellet obtained at various operating temperatures (1000, 1400 and 1500 degrees C) showed significant microstructural and topographical changes. Ash pellets treated at 1000 degrees C contain porous and non-continuous surface. On the other hand, the ash pellet obtained at higher temperature (1500 degrees C) was found to contain a smooth, continuous and non-porous surface. The AFM height profile studies indicated that the top surface variation of the ash pellet at 1000, 1400 and 1500 degrees C were found to be -40.0 to 25.5, -3.7 to 4.7 and -0.10 to 0.66 nm respectively. The SEM analyses also confirmed the presence of smooth, non-porous outer surface of ash formed at 1500 degrees C. In addition, it also showed the presence of compact and rigid interior for the same ash pellet. The leachability of the heavy metals was determined using standard toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) test and the samples were analysed using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results showed that the TCLP leaching ratios of the heavy metals were Cr = 0.30, Pb = 0.05 and Cd = 0.09 at 1000 degrees C. However, the ash obtained at 1400 degrees C showed negligible heavy metals leaching ratio while at 1500 degrees C no leachability was detected (TCLP concentration dropped to nondetectable levels). The use of high temperature treatment enabled the immobilization of heavy metals in the ash preventing their leaching. Such ash can be considered as a non-hazardous material for reuse or safe disposal.     

完善中国环境与健康关系的法律制度——基于健康权视角

中国环境污染损害事件呈现高发、频发的态势,公众健康权益受到较大威胁。中国政府历来重视环境与健康工作,已采取诸多措施并取得显著成效,但环境与健康法律制度面临较多困境。因此,需进一步完善环境与健康法律制度,其关键点在于树立并践行健康权理念,具体包括:将健康权写入《宪法》,加强环境与健康立法,建立环境与健康标准体系,构建公众环境与健康素养教育制度,完善环境健康损害赔偿制度,形成有效的环境健康监管协作机制等措施,从而切实保障公众的健康权益。     

Dynamic response relationship between cultivated land marginalisation and rural labour out-migration in mountainous areas in China: evidence from a vector autoregressive model

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Understanding the dynamic interaction between cultivated land marginalisation (CLM) and rural labour out-migration (RLM) is vital for the sustainable...     

Construction of ternary (1D/2D/3D) Fe2O3-supported micro pillared Cu-based MOF on chitosan with improved photocatalytic behavior on removal of paraquat

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A hetero-structured metal organic framework of Cu-BTC and Fe2O3 nano-photocatalyst were tethered over chitosan using the hydrothermal method and...     

A new perspective to environmental degradation: the linkages between higher education and CO2 emissions

Although there have been many studies, focusing on basic determinants of carbon dioxide emissions (CO₂), the effect of higher education, which has the potential to be an important determinant of CO₂, has been neglected. The paper aims to display the potential mechanisms between higher education and CO₂ and expand the environmental economics literature. In the paper, the trade-off between higher education and CO₂ is tested by autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) during the period 1983–2017 in Turkey. Results denote that cointegration exists and an increase in higher education negatively affects CO₂. We also find that economic growth and energy consumption positively affect CO₂ both in the long run and short run. Vector error correction model (VECM) reveals that higher education, economic growth, energy consumption, trade openness, and exchange rates are the causes of CO₂ in the long run. Also, energy consumption and economic growth are the causes of CO₂ in the short run. Therefore, higher education can be used to overcome environmental problems.

     

Comparison of fine particles and the relationship between particle variations and meteorology at an urban site and a remote site in the Eastern United States

This study compared the variations in the mass of certain particles at an urban site, Washington, DC, and at a remote site, Shenandoah National Park, VA, in the eastern United States. Seven years (1991-1997) of Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) fine particulate matter (PM2.5), PM10, coarse fraction, SO4(2-), and total sulfur data were used for this study together with available meteorology/climatology data. Various statistical modeling and analysis procedures, including time series analysis, factor analysis, and regression modeling, were employed. Time series of the constituents were divided into four terms: the long-term mean, the intraannual perturbation, the interannual perturbation, and the synoptic perturbation. PM2.5 at the two sites made up approximately 72% of the total mass for PM10, and the coarse fraction made up the remaining 28%, on average. Thirty-one percent of the PM2.5 at the DC site and 42% at the Shenandoah site was SO4(2-), based on average data for the entire period. At the DC site, the two main contributors to the constituent mass were the long-term mean and the synoptic perturbation terms, and at the Shenandoah site, they were the long-term mean and the intra-annual perturbation terms. This suggested that the constituent mass at the two sites was affected by very different processes. The terms that provided the principal contribution to the constituent mass at the two sites were studied in detail. At the DC site, dew point trends, a climate variable, were the primary driver of the 7-year trends for PM2.5, PM10, the coarse fraction, and total sulfur, and SO2 emission trends were the primary driver of the trends for SO4(2-). SO2 emission trends influenced the trends for PM2.5 and total sulfur, appearing as the second term in the model, but only parameters dealing with climate trends had significant effects on the trends for PM10 and the coarse fraction. At the Shenandoah site, only parameters dealing with climate trends affected long-term particle trends.     

Shifted power-law relationship between NO2 concentration and the distance from a highway: A new dispersion model based on the wind profile model

In this paper, a shifted power-law model, based on the wind profile model, had been supposed to simulate concentration gradient of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) with distance from a highway. Field experiments were performed for NO₂ gradients from a highway in Shanghai by using passive samplers. The shifted power-law model was fitted well with experimental results of field experiments both in this study and in the literature. The results not only verified the validity of shifted power-law relationship between NO₂ concentration and the distance from a highway, but also partially demonstrated that there were some significant similarities between wind profile and air pollutants concentration profile near highway. With known concentration of chosen reference point and appropriate value of the parameter k, the model could be practically applied for predicting the NO₂ distributions near a highway. The methods of determining the parameter k were also discussed for further detailed studies.     

Formation of PCDD/Fs from oxidation of 2-monochlorophenol over an Fe2O3/silica surface

The role of iron in surface-mediated formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) from 2-chlorophenol (2-MCP) was investigated over the temperature range of 200-550 °C under oxidative conditions. In order to compare and contrast with previous work on copper and ferric oxide-mediated pyrolysis of 2-MCP, identical reaction conditions were maintained (50 ppm 2-MCP, model fly-ash particles containing 5% Fe₂O₃ on silica). Observed products included dibenzo-p-dioxin (DD), 1-monochlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (1-MCDD), dibenzofuran (DF), 4,6-dichlorodibenzofuran (4,6-DCDF), 2,4- and 2,6-dichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, quinone, catechol, chloro-o-quinone, chlorocatechol and polychlorinated benzenes. Yields of DD and 1-MCDD were 2 and 5 times higher than under pyolysis conditions, respectively. Although 4,6-DCDF was the major PCDD/F product formed with a yield that was 2.5× greater than under pyrolysis, the yield of non-chlorinated DF, which was the dominant PCDD/F product under pyrolysis, decreased by a factor of 3. Furthermore, the ∼2× higher yield of PCDDs under oxidative conditions resulted in a PCDD to PCDF ratio of 0.75 compared to a relatively low ratio of 0.39 previously observed under pyrolytic conditions.