简化河流水质1号模型(RWQM1)实验研究

为了建立标准、一致的河流水质模型,并使它们可与标准活性污泥模型直接相连,国际水协会(IWA)专门成立了河流水质建模任务组,并发布河流水质1号模型(RWQM1)。根据河流水质1号模型(RWQM1)子模型选择原则,通过试验研究,得出以下两点结论:(1)简化河流水质1号模型能充分考虑废水生物处理自身的特点,较为深入地反映活性污泥生物反应过程的主要行为;(2)通过参数灵敏度分析,发现对模拟COD值影响较大的动力学参数是kgro,H,aer,To和khyd,To,对模拟TP值影响较大的动力学参数是kgro,H,aer,To、kgro,N1,To和βN1,对模拟NH3-N值影响较大的动力学参数是kgro,N1,To和βN1。     

废旧锂电池正极材料LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2中钴的回收

随着新能源汽车工业的快速发展,废旧三元动力锂电池的量在不断地增加。三元动力锂电池中含有丰富的Co、Mn、Li和Ni资源,回收三元动力锂电池是防止环境污染和回收贵重金属的理想选择。利用抗坏血酸(C6H8O6)的酸性和还原性对废旧三元锂电池正极材料进行浸出,KMnO_4的强氧化性回收浸出液中的Co制备β-CoC_2O_4·2H_2O,采用浓度为1.3 mol·L~(-1)的C_6H_8O_6,在60℃的条件下对正极材料浸出20 min,向浸出夜中加入1 mol·L-1的H_2SO_4反应20 min后加入KMnO_4继续反应1 h,制得β-CoC_2O_4·2H_2O。实验结果表明,Co的回收率达91%,Li的浸出率可达96.4%,Mn和Ni完全浸出,可实现简单环保地浸出有价金属并回收Co。     

黄曲霉毒素B_1的测定薄层色谱法 食品中黄曲霉毒素B_1的测定

简介食品中黄曲霉毒素B_1可用石油醚,甲醇-水,去油提取,然后再用氯仿与甲醇—水分配提取。用薄层色谱双向展开法进一步除去样液中的杂质。黄曲霉毒素B_1在波长365毫微米紫外光下产生兰紫色萤光,根据其在薄层板上显示萤光的最低检出量来测定含量。最低检出量为0.0004微克,最低检测浓度为5ppb。     

用于研究大气污染的HF-1风洞

本文主要描述研究大气污染的HF-1风洞的设计特点和测试技术.其次,本文还扼要地论述了在风洞中研究大气污染模拟大气边界层的基本要求。     

微生物絮凝剂EBU-1的化学性质分析

对一株产碱假单胞菌(Pseudomonas alcaligenes)产生的微生物絮凝剂EBU1的化学性质进行初步研究,结果显示,EBU-1具有良好的热稳定性;呈色反应为多糖的颜色反应,没有蛋白质的颜色反应;紫外和红外扫描确定EBU-1含多糖及少量核酸,含量分别为82.3%和8.6%;电负性实验表明,EBU-1是阴离子型微生物絮凝剂。     

Simultaneous biodegradation of dimethyl sulfide and 1-propanethiol by Pseudomonas putida S-1 and Alcaligenes sp. SY1: “Lag” cause,reduction, and kinetics exploration

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Simultaneous biodegradation of malodorous 1-propanethiol (PT) and dimethyl sulfide (DMS) by Pseudomonas putida S-1 and Alcaligenes sp. SY1 was...     

HJ—1溶解氧自动检测装置通过技术鉴定

无锡市环境保护监测研究所和无锡市电子技术应用研究所根据无锡市环境保护局研制自动监测溶氧仪的要求,共同承担了“HJ—1溶解氧自动检测装置”的设计研制任务。经过调查研究、制定方案、设计、制作、联机调试和现场使用,证明该装置已达到了任务书的要求,完成了研制任务。不久前在无锡市举行了鉴定会。与会代表听取了该装置的“一次仪表的改进和运行报告”和“控制电路研制报告”,并参观了现场,一致认为:     

SC—1水质自动监测仪的研制

SC—1型水质自动监测仪,是根据天津市科委1978年下达的科研任务,由天津市环境保护监测站与天津市卫生防疫站共同研制。鉴于天津市在枯水期水质变成,严重威胁工农业生产和人民健康的问题比较突出,该仪器将氯化物的测定作为研制的重点。同时,通过对此类仪器的研制和应用,对控制水质污染,     

Endosulfan in China 1—gridded usage inventories

Background, aim, and scope  Endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide (OCP), is genotoxic in mammalian cells and generally considered to be toxic and classified by the World Health Organization and the US Environmental Protection Agency as priority pollutants and a nominator for inclusion in a future iteration of the persistent organic pollutants treaty. Endosulfan is a currently used pesticide and still being used worldwide. The general trend of total global endosulfan use has increased continuously since the first year when this pesticide was applied. It is critical to create national endosulfan usage/emission inventories for China to carry out source–receptor relation analysis, risk assessment, and other research related to endosulfan in this country. Chinese inventories have been published for some OCPs, such as technical HCH and lindane, DDT, and chlordane; for endosulfan, however, there has not been any usage inventory available on any scales (national or provincial), although endosulfan has been widely used since 1994 in this country. This is the first part of the work. The goal of this paper is to quantify the historical production and usage of endosulfan in China and to compile gridded historical usage inventories of endosulfan for this country. Based on these usage inventories, emission and residue inventories will be created, which is the goal of the second part of the work. Materials and methods  Due to the lack of national production and usage information of endosulfan in China, a method to estimate the use of endosulfan was developed. First, information of crops on which endosulfan is applied and average endosulfan use and annual application frequencies of endosulfan on these crops were collected. Secondly, usage of endosulfan on each crop was estimated using the national cropland area for each province from Chinese government reports. Finally, with the help of GIS (geographic information system), the usage data of this insecticide was allocated to a grid system, with a 1/4° longitude by 1/6° latitude resolution, with a size for each grid cell of approximately 25 km by 25 km. Results and discussion  The use of endosulfan in agriculture in China started on cotton in 1994, and on wheat, tea, tobacco, apples, and other fruits in 1998. Endosulfan usage on cotton, wheat, tea, tobacco, and apples in China has been estimated to be approximately 25,700 t between 1994 and 2004. The province with the highest usage of endosulfan is Henan Province, with a total usage reaching 4,000 t, followed by the uses in Xinjiang Autonomous Region (3,200 t), Shandong Province (3,000 t), Hebei Province (2,100 t), and Anhui Province (1,900 t). Gridded usage inventories of endosulfan at a 1/4° longitude by 1/6° latitude resolution have been created, which indicate that the intensive endosulfan use was in the south of Hebei Province, west of Shandong Province, east of Henan Province, north of Anhui Province, east of Jiangsu Province, and some areas in Yunnan Province and Xinjiang Autonomous Region. General agreement has been found between the usage data from our estimation and the small amount of usage data published in China. Conclusions  This is the first national gridded endosulfan usage inventory produced for China. The annual applications of endosulfan from 1994 to 2004 in China were estimated based on the total areas of major crops, on which endosulfan was applied, and spatial distribution of the application was generated at provincial and prefecture levels. With the help of GIS, endosulfan usage based on prefecture was transferred to a 1/4° longitude by 1/6° latitude gridding system. The satisfaction of the inventories was supported by the consistence between the estimation of the annual usage and the reported annual production of endosulfan. Recommendations and perspectives  This gridded endosulfan usage inventory created in this study will be improved upon availability of new information of endosulfan. The usage inventories can be used to create gridded emission and residue inventories for this insecticide. It is believed that this work will pave the way for further endosulfan studies in China and beyond.     

ZYC—1型自动雨水降尘采样器

ZYC—1型自动雨水降尘采样器主要具自下列二种功能;1、下雨时自动开门,按下雨的先后依次收集雨水样品;2、不下雨时收集少量降尘。 一、采样器的结构和功能 1、结构 本采样器由雨水敏感器、雨水收集器、降尘收集器、雨水收集样品瓶(50ml×5) (150ml×2)、活动门、电路控制部分、直流可逆电机和机械传动部分组成,外形尺寸630×430×272mm,重量10公斤。     

BOD_1和BOD_5相关性实验

目前BOD的测定方法大都采用20℃、5天培养,其缺点是时间太长。因为生化需氧反应。在各阶段的发生及反应速度与有机物的种类、浓度、无机盐类、水温、pH值、微生物的品种数量等因素有关。本文采用提高温度缩短时间的方法,做了一些探讨性的实验和运算,找到了BOD_5~(20)与BOD_1~(37)的内在联系,达到了快速测定BOD的目的。     

1—氨基蒽醌硫化染料中间体的废水处理

利用二阶铁离子絮凝作用及其与二价硫离子在一定的条件下形成沉淀，以及铁屑固定床微电解作用，处理１－氨基蒽醌生产废水，具有处理工艺简便、“以废治废”的特点，为染料工业废水的治理提供了一条新途径。     

La1-x Cex Cuy Mn1-yO3／HZSM-5催化剂低温去除柴油机碳烟和NOx

为实现对柴油机碳烟和NOx的低温同步去除,采用柠檬酸络合法制备分子筛负载钙钛矿型金属复合氧化物催化剂,应用x衍射分析仪（XRD）和电镜扫描仪（SEM）对催化剂性能进行表征,并在微型固定床反应器中对催化剂低温去除碳烟和NOx进行活性评价。利用程序升温反应（TPR）技术,进行催化剂活性评价、柴油机负荷和排放等特性实验。结果表明,A位用适量Ce部分取代La,B位用适量cu部分取代Mn,可使碳颗粒燃烧温度降低,CO2选择性好,NOx转化率升高。La0.4 Ce0.6 Cu0.2 Mn0.8O3／HZSM-5催化剂的最大NOx转化率为81．0％,Ti、Tm和Tf分别为250、350和475℃,表明该催化剂具有较好的催化活性,能在低温条件下去除碳烟和NOx。     

DDS—1型电除尘器低压控制电源研制成功

电除尘器以其效率高,正在越来越广泛地应用于冶金、建材、电力、化工、轻纺、电子、医药等工业部门.电除尘器的低压控制电源与电除尘器的本体、高压直流电流电源统称电除尘器的三大主体.低压操作系统控制特性的好坏和控制功能的完善与否,对实现电除尘操作运行自动化,改善除尘器的运行状况、提高除尘效率、延长除尘器各部分构件的使用寿命等都有直接的影响. 近年来,我国陆续从国外引进一些比较先进的电除尘器,都配有成套的低压控制电     

SYG—1型智能冷原子荧光测汞仪简介

浙江省环境监测中心站和浙江光学仪器厂共同研制的SYG-1型智能冷原子荧光测汞仪,已于1991年12月16日在杭州通过省级鉴定。与会专家认为该仪器设计合理、技术先进,在国内同类产品中,第一家采用微机技     

活性污泥1号模型废水特性的测定研究

废水的水质特性是活性污泥数学模型研究和应用的重要方面。采用呼吸计量法及常规化学分析法对污水处理厂的废水特性进行了测定,通过研究发现,污水处理厂的曝气沉砂池出水中SS占总COD的比例平均为10．49％;Xs占总COD的比例平均为14．24％;S1占总COD的比例平均为5．52％。初沉池出水中Ss占总COD的平均比例为9．62％;Xs占总COD的比例平均为16．97％;S1占总COD的比例平均为11．38％。     

The treatment of wastewater containing pharmaceuticals in microcosm constructed wetlands: the occurrence of integrons (int1–2) and associated resistance genes (sul1–3, qacEΔ1)

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The aim of this study was to analyze the occurrence of sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1–3) and other genetic elements as antiseptic resistance...