某钢厂烧结烟气脱硫系统滤袋失效原因分析

分析了聚苯硫醚自身特性,从而了解目前烧结烟气脱硫系统袋式除尘器中选择其作为滤料的原因。并就目前某钢厂烧结烟气脱硫系统实际发生的滤袋失效问题,通过扫描电镜、EDS能谱分析及烧失量实验对滤袋进行分析,发现材料中混入的玻璃纤维是造成其失效的主要原因,为今后实际工程中滤袋的选择提供依据,从而尽量减少不必要的损失,确保烟气脱硫项目的正常运行。     

Reaction behavior of SO2 in the sintering process with flue gas recirculation

The primary goal of this paper is to reveal the reaction behavior of SO₂ in the sinter zone, combustion zone, drying–preheating zone, and over-wet zone during flue gas recirculation (FGR) technique. The results showed that SO₂ retention in the sinter zone was associated with free-CaO in the form of CaSO₃/CaSO₄, and the SO₂ adsorption reached a maximum under 900ºC. SO₂ in the flue gas came almost from the combustion zone. One reaction behavior was the oxidation of sulfur in the sintering mix when the temperature was between 800 and 1000ºC; the other behavior was the decomposition of sulfite/sulfate when the temperature was over 1000ºC. However, the SO₂ adsorption in the sintering bed mainly occurred in the drying–preheating zone, adsorbed by CaCO₃, Ca(OH)₂, and CaO. When the SO₂ adsorption reaction in the drying–preheating zone reached equilibrium, the excess SO₂ gas continued to migrate to the over-wet zone and was then absorbed by Ca(OH)₂ and H₂O. The emission rising point of SO₂ moved forward in combustion zone, and the concentration of SO₂ emissions significantly increased in the case of flue gas recirculation (FGR) technique.

Implications: Aiming for the reuse of the sensible heat and a reduction in exhaust gas emission, the FGR technique is proposed in the iron ore sintering process. When using the FGR technique, SO₂ emission in exhaust gas gets changed. In practice, the application of the FGR technique in a sinter plant should be cooperative with the flue gas desulfurization (FGD) technique. Thus, it is necessary to study the influence of the FGR technique on SO₂ emissions because it will directly influence the demand and design of the FGD system.     

半干法烧结烟气脱硫灰的氧化改性

半干法烧结烟气脱硫灰中含有大量CaSO3,而CaSO3对于脱硫灰的稳定性具有重要影响,限制了脱硫灰的处理和综合利用。为了解决该问题,采用低温静态氧化改性实验和高温动态焙烧改性实验,在掺加和不掺加催化剂条件下,对含CaSO3的脱硫灰进行了氧化改性研究,并结合热重实验考察了半干法烧结烟气脱硫灰中CaSO3的高温动态氧化改性效果。结果表明,在低温为45、75和90℃时,掺入不同催化剂对半干法烧结烟气脱硫灰中CaSO3进行氧化改性2 h,效果依次为:MnO2 > Fe2O3 > 不掺催化剂 > V2O5,且CaSO3的氧化率均低于2.2%;在不掺催化剂的条件下,在350℃以上焙烧30~60 min,CaSO3的氧化率均可达到85%以上。结合热重分析结果发现,选择合适的焙烧温度和时间对提高CaSO3的氧化率有重要作用。     

非定态SO2制酸工艺在铅精矿烧结烟气治理中的应用

介绍了非定态SO2制酸工艺的特点、流程及其在铅精矿烧结烟气治理中的应用效果.该工艺具有良好的社会效益、环境效益和较好的经济效益,具有较高的推广应用价值.     

基于响应曲面法优化烧结烟气脱硫灰改性工艺

采用BOX-Behnken的中心组合实验设计及响应面分析方法对半干法烧结烟气脱硫灰进行改性研究,得到脱硫灰转化率的预测模型。结果表明:通过该预测模型可以很好地描述脱硫灰的转化率与反应温度、反应时间和气固比等重要操作参数之间的关系,R2=0.9903。因素分析表明,反应温度对脱硫灰的转化率影响最大,同时反应温度和气固比的交互作用与反应温度和时间的交互作用对脱硫灰的转化率的影响作用相同。利用得到的改进预测模型可以计算脱硫灰的转化率。     

炼铁烧结除尘灰湿法脱除模拟烟气中的SO2

为了考察炼铁烧结除尘灰作为脱硫剂的效果,研究了湿法脱硫过程中固液比、氧气含量、吸收剂温度、气体流速、进口SO2质量浓度、搅拌强度等影响因素对脱除效率的影响规律。结果表明,最佳反应温度为25 ℃;随着温度升高,SO2溶解度降低,吸收液对SO2吸收能力降低;气体流量增加,SO2在吸收剂中停留时间变短,导致脱除率降低;固液比增加,气固接触概率也随之增大,SO2脱除率也增大;进口SO2质量浓度的提高导致液相中氢氧根消耗加剧,使反应速率减慢,不利于对SO2的去除。同时发现,SO2浓度增加则溶解分数减小,吸收率也会随之降低;搅拌速率的增加使得气泡破碎加剧,增大气液接触面积,使除尘灰充分悬浮在液相中,与溶液中的SO2迅速反应,有利于SO2的吸收。O2含量增加,有利于O2的溶解,增加了化学反应的推动力,有利于SO2吸收反应的进行。除尘灰对含二氧化硫气体具有较好的脱硫效果,有一定的应用前景。     

基于响应曲面法优化H2O2/Fe3+脱除烧结烟气中的Hg0

烧结烟气中重金属汞的含量较高,湿法氧化脱除零价汞（Hg0）是当前最受关注的技术之一,但该氧化脱除技术的操作条件仍需优化。为此,以响应曲面法对H2O2/Fe3+氧化脱除Hg0进行了研究和优化。首先参照单因素实验结果,利用Box-Behnken设计（BBD）的3因素3水平实验研究了溶液温度、H2O2浓度和Fe3+浓度3个条件的交互作用并进行分析和优化,发现以H2O2/Fe3+氧化脱除Hg0的最佳条件为溶液温度41.78 °C、H2O2浓度0.55 mol·L-1和Fe3+浓度0.007 mol·L-1,在此最佳条件下Hg0的脱除效率可高达87.28%。最后,在该条件下进行了验证研究,实验结果表明最优条件下Hg0的脱除效率为87.93%±0.87%,与模型预测值基本吻合,表明基于响应曲面分析法所得出的最佳工艺参数准确可靠,对利用H2O2/Fe3+脱除钢铁行业烧结烟气中Hg0的条件优化具有较好的指导作用。     

Determination of PCDDs,PCDFs, PCBs and HCB emissions from the metallurgical sector in Poland

Background The aim of the project was to measure the actual emissions of PCDD/F, PCBs and HCB from 20 selected metallurgical installations in Poland, in order to update the national inventory of dioxin emission from metallurgical industry for developing a strategy for dioxins and furans emission abatement from the subject facilities (UNEP 2005). Methods Sampling methodology used in this work was developed at the Cracow University of Technology because of the complexity of simultaneous sampling and determining PCDFs, PCDDs, PCB and HCB. For the determination a GC-MS/MS system was used. Results and Discussion Results from the work indicate that the highest dioxins and PCB concentrations were recorded for iron ore sintering plants at 1.10–1.32 ng total¹ TEQ/Nm³ followed by aluminium scrap melting at 0.03–0.66 ng total TEQ/Nm³. The highest HCB concentrations at 613–1491 ng/Nm³ were also recorded for iron ore sintering plants, whereas at aluminium plants the HCB concentrations were in the range of only 10.1–22.7 ng/Nm³. Conclusions The above investigations indicate that secondary aluminium production is the most significant dioxins source, if calculated as emission factor values. However, iron ore sintering plants are operating at much higher production capacity, causing this process to become the major source of dioxins, PCB and HCB pollution to the atmosphere in Poland. Recommendations and Perspectives Based on the performed tests and the environmental reviews of selected plants several recommendations were formulated for the reduction of generation or of emission of these pollutants from iron ore sintering plants, electric arc furnace steel production processes, hot-blast furnace operations, secondary aluminium smelting and primary zinc production from zinc cathodes.     

Reduction of dioxin emission by a multi-layer reactor with bead-shaped activated carbon in simulated gas stream and real flue gas of a sinter plant

A laboratory-scale multi-layer system was developed for the adsorption of PCDD/Fs from gas streams at various operating conditions, including gas flow rate, operating temperature and water vapor content. Excellent PCDD/F removal efficiency (>99.99%) was achieved with the multi-layer design with bead-shaped activated carbons (BACs). The PCDD/F removal efficiency achieved with the first layer adsorption bed decreased as the gas flow rate was increased due to the decrease of the gas retention time. The PCDD/F concentrations measured at the outlet of the third layer adsorption bed were all lower than 0.1 ng I-TEQ Nm⁻³. The PCDD/Fs desorbed from BAC were mainly lowly chlorinated congeners and the PCDD/F outlet concentrations increased as the operating temperature was increased. In addition, the results of pilot-scale experiment (real flue gases of an iron ore sintering plant) indicated that as the gas flow rate was controlled at 15 slpm, the removal efficiencies of PCDD/F congeners achieved with the multi-layer reactor with BAC were better than that in higher gas flow rate condition (20 slpm). Overall, the lab-scale and pilot-scale experiments indicated that PCDD/F removal achieved by multi-layer reactor with BAC strongly depended on the flow rate of the gas stream to be treated.     

圆板型多孔α-Al2O3陶瓷膜支撑体的制备与表征

以α-Al2O3为骨料,羧甲基纤维素作为成孔剂,高岭土、TiO2作为高温粘结剂和烧结助剂,采用干压成型工艺和固态粒子烧结法制备出了圆板型多孔α-Al2O3陶瓷膜支撑体(=50 mm,厚度为2 mm)。研究了成孔剂用量、高温粘结剂和烧结助剂的用量、烧结温度因素对支撑体性能的影响。结果表明,制得的支撑体孔隙率在34%以上,孔径在2.23～6.75μm,耐酸碱度在98%以上,机械强度高。     

湿法烟气脱硫工艺中烟气再热方式的选择

分析了湿法烟气脱硫烟气再热原因,介绍了多种烟气再热方法,并对其进行了技术分析,为湿法烟气脱硫工程的烟气再热系统设计提供了依据。     

利用铁尾矿制备烧结砖的可行性及烧结固化机理

针对铁尾矿综合利用率低的问题,利用铁尾矿、粉煤灰、废玻璃制备烧结砖,以提高铁尾矿综合利用率.通过抗压强度、吸水率和重金属浸出3方面评价烧结砖的性能,确定最佳烧结工艺条件;并通过重金属形态分布、孔径分析、XRD和SEM探究烧结砖的固化机理.结果表明,在最佳条件烧结温度为1100℃、铁尾矿、粉煤灰、玻璃配为6:2:2的条件...     

基于烧结成型的红壤除磷填料开发

为了开发除磷填料，以红壤为基本材料，并以烧结温度、粉煤灰添加量、外加剂A用量和外加剂B用量作为4个因素设计正交实验，制造了不同配方的红壤烧结填料，进行等温吸附实验并利用Langmuir模型拟合最大吸磷量进行比较。结果表明，通过烧结可使粉末状红壤成型，同时提高了其除磷能力；对填料理论吸磷量的影响因素主次顺序为外加剂B用量、外加剂A用量、粉煤灰用量及烧结温度；通过比较理论吸附量，同时考虑到成本，可以确定正交实验结果中较优填料配方组成为（重量比）：61％红壤，30％粉煤灰，0％外加剂A，9％外加剂B，烧结温度1150℃，其最大理论的磷吸附量2．274mg／cm^2，单位除磷原料成本约0．047元／g．     

Suppressing SO3 formation in copper smelting flue gas by ejecting pyrite into flue

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - SO3 in the copper smelting flue gas not only causes serious corrosion in heat exchange and dust collection equipment but also increases the amount of...     

用于臭氧氧化烟气脱硝与烟气余热回收的一体化实验台

锅炉烟气中的NOx是大气污染的重要原因之一。针对燃气锅炉NOx超低排放的要求、以及烟气中大量余热被浪费的现状,提出了烟气脱硝与余热回收一体化的新方法,搭建了一体化实验台,在逆流式烟气喷淋塔中,进行了采用臭氧氧化烟气脱硝、并同时回收烟气余热的实验研究。研究了O3/NO摩尔比、液气比、碱液吸收对脱硝效果的影响,并对脱硝与余热回收的耦合关系进行了分析。在实验室实验的基础上,进一步进行了实际工程的中试研究。结果表明,烟气脱硝与余热回收一体化是可行的,实验台实验中,当烟气温度为83.0 ℃、喷淋水温度为46.4 ℃、液气比为14.8 m3·L-1、O3/NO摩尔比为1.6时,脱硝率为30%,同时回收烟气余热量18.5 kW。     

超重力法锅炉烟气同时除尘脱硫脱硝

锅炉燃烧过程中产生的粉尘、SO2和NOx会对环境和人类造成严重的危害。随着人们环保意识的加强,锅炉烟气净化要求日趋严苛。进行了以O3为氧化剂,NaOH溶液为吸收剂,使用超重力反应器对锅炉尾气进行同时除尘脱硫脱硝的侧线实验研究,考察了不同操作条件对粉尘、SO2和NOx脱除率的影响规律,确定了适宜的操作条件：超重力反应器转速为1 000 r·min-1,气液比为125,pH值为11,O3/NOx物质的量之比为1.1。在该条件下,粉尘脱除率可达98.3%,SO2脱除率为98.4%,NOx脱除率为68.7%,处理后烟气能达标排放。超重力除尘脱硫脱硝一体化技术具有成本低、效率高、设备小和投资少等优点,在中小锅炉烟气净化过程具有广泛的应用前景。     

首钢烧结厂PM10治理技术与经济分析

通过对首钢烧结厂的污染结点、污染物特性、污染物控制技术措施和技术规范进行分析,提出了烧结厂PM10控制方案,对烧结厂采用高效除尘设备的PM10削减量及改造费用进行了估算,确定了烧结厂PM10治理技术方案排序,为钢铁企业烧结厂治理颗粒污染物的同时选择最为经济实用的除尘器类型提供理论依据。     

聚丙烯腈基活性碳纤维用于烟气脱硫脱硝

应用聚丙烯腈基活性碳纤维(PAN-ACF)对模拟的工业烟气中的SO2和NO在烟气露点温度以上进行吸附脱除实验。通过改变固定床ACF装载量、反应温度、水蒸气体积分数和O2体积分数,研究了ACF脱硫效率和脱硝效率的变化规律,还研究了同时脱硫脱硝时入口SO2或NO浓度对脱除效率的影响。结果表明:PAN-ACF具有良好的脱硫性能和一定的脱硝能力,其脱硫效率和脱硝效率随着ACF装载量和O2体积分数的增大而升高,随着温度的升高而降低,随着水蒸气体积分数的增大先升高后降低;在同时脱硫脱硝时,SO2对ACF的脱硝反应有明显的抑制作用,而NO对ACF的脱硫反应影响不大。     

首钢烧结厂PM_(10)治理技术与经济分析

通过对首钢烧结厂的污染结点、污染物特性、污染物控制技术措施和技术规范进行分析,提出了烧结厂PM10控制方案,对烧结厂采用高效除尘设备的PM10削减量及改造费用进行了估算,确定了烧结厂PM10治理技术方案排序,为钢铁企业烧结厂治理颗粒污染物的同时选择最为经济实用的除尘器类型提供理论依据.     

城市污泥及其焚烧灰混合料烧结陶粒的实验研究

通过实验考察了直接利用城市污泥及其焚烧灰作为原料,采用2步烧结法工艺,烧结制取陶粒的可行性,并分析了工艺条件和物料配比对陶粒产品的吸水率和密度等性能指标的影响。实验结果表明,在不添加其他任何添加剂的情况下,城市污泥及其焚烧灰可以直接用于烧结制取陶粒。在物料配比为(1:1~2:1)和烧制条件(900~1 050 ℃)下焙烧5~20 min,可以获取不同性能的陶粒产品(吸水率为45.32%~4.11%、密度为1.67~0.84 g/cm3)。物相分析进一步表明,1 050 ℃是污泥灰物相发生变化的主反应温度。这为实现采用一种原料源(污泥及其污泥灰渣)制备陶粒的资源化利用方式提供了尝试。