Carbon consumption and regeneration of oxygen-containing functional groups on activated carbon for flue gas purification

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - High carbon consumption is an important factor restricting the wide application of activated carbon technology for flue gas purification. A fixed-bed...     

改性活性炭吸附净化黄磷尾气中的H2S

研究了以Cu2+离子活性溶液制备改性活性炭吸附净化黄磷尾气中H2S的相关问题,考察了改性活性炭制备过程中的浸渍液浓度、干燥温度和焙烧温度的影响,以及温度和氧含量对吸附的影响;并对空白活性炭、改性活性炭吸附前后做SEM表征。研究结果表明,浸渍液浓度0.05 mol/L、干燥温度120℃、焙烧温度250℃为改性活性炭制备的最佳条件;吸附反应阶段较适宜的温度为95℃,氧含量为1%;结合扫描电镜初步表明,改性后的活性炭S容量增加,吸附效果明显。     

活性炭颗粒填充三维电极电化学烟气脱硫的研究

基于三维电极电化学技术较高的反应效率和不产生废弃物等优点,将这一先进的反应器运用到烟气脱硫领域.用活性炭作为工作电极,在通电状况下,将模拟烟气通入反应器发生反应.通过一系列试验,分析了填充床厚度、槽电压、进气流量、通电时间对脱硫率的影响,并且探讨了该反应的反应原理.     

稻草活性炭的成型及其对H2S的吸附性能

为了开发出农业生物质废弃物合理利用的新途径,使粉末状活性炭产品利于实际运用中的运输,本文以生物质废弃物—稻草为原料,使用聚乙烯醇缩丁醛（PVB）为粘结剂制备出粉末状稻草活性炭（AC）并将其成型。探究了粘结剂浓度、AC/PVB的质量比和成型压力等对材料的强度以及吸附H2S性能的影响,并利用SEM、FT-IR和XRD分析了活性炭的结构。研究发现：当成型压力为15 MPa、粘结剂浓度为4%、粘结剂与炭的质量比为1：1时,成型活性炭对H2S的吸附性能最好,吸附时间可达70 min,强度可以达到15 N·cm-2;结构分析显示制备出的成型稻草活性炭,具有规则排列的孔洞,PVB的加入对炭的表面官能团未产生明显的影响,但加入量过大则会使活性炭的孔堵塞,影响H2S的吸附。     

Combined effect of adsorption and biodegradation of biological activated carbon on H2S biotrickling filtration

In order to evaluate the combined effect of adsorption and biodegradation of H(2)S on activated carbon surface in biotrickling filtration, four laboratory-scale biofiltration columns were operated simultaneously for 120h to investigate the mechanisms involved in treating synthetic H(2)S streams using biological activated carbon (BAC). The first three columns (A, B, C) contained a mixture of activated carbon and glass beads, with the carbons (BAC or virgin activated carbon (VAC)) and conditions (with or without liquid medium recirculation) differentiated. The last column (D) used 100% glass beads with liquid medium recirculation. Air streams containing 45ppmv H(2)S were passed through the columns at 4s of gas retention time (GRT) and liquid flow rate was set at 0.71mlmin(-1). Column D got its breakthrough in 3min of operation, indicating a negligible contribution of glass beads to the adsorption of H(2)S. The removal efficiency (RE) of Columns B and C using VAC dropped quickly to 30% within the first 8h, and afterwards continued to drop further but slowly. Column A using BAC stayed at 25% of RE throughout the operation time. A thorough investigation of the H(2)S oxidation products, i.e., various S species in both aqueous (recirculation media) and solid phases (BAC and VAC), was conducted using ICP-OES, IC, XRF, and CHNS elemental analyzer. BAC demonstrated a better performance than columns with adsorption only. Water film was found to enhance H(2)S removal. The percentage of sulphate in the total sulphur of the BAC system improved to twice of that of VAC system, indicating sulphate is the main product of H(2)S biofiltration. The observed pH drop in BAC system double confirmed that the presence of biodegradation in the biofilm over carbon surface did profound effect on the oxidation of H(2)S, compare to the systems with adsorption only.     

新型柱状核桃壳活性炭脱硫动力学

采用以农业废弃物核桃壳为原料,天然软锰矿为添加剂共混制成的新型柱状活性炭进行了不同水蒸气含量下的烟气脱硫实验,利用Bangham和Elovich 2种模型对实验结果进行模拟与比较。实验结果表明,随着水蒸气含量的增加,穿透硫容和时间逐渐增加,并在水蒸气含量为10%时达到最大点,此时硫容为243.0 mg/g。模拟结果表明,2种模型均可以较好地模拟烟气脱硫实验结果,其中Elovich模型具有更高的拟合相关度和准确性。在对Elovich模型加以改进以包含水蒸气影响后,可以更好地描述烟气在不同水蒸气含量下的新型柱状活性炭脱硫情况。     

酸碱改性对活性焦烧结烟气脱硫性能的影响

选取一定目数范围的活性焦,用3种酸(HCl、H2SO4和HNO3)、3种碱(KOH、NaOH和NH3·H2O)和酸碱两步(HNO3和KOH)对其进行改性处理,对比这几种方法改性的活性焦对烧结烟气的脱硫性能,实验结果表明,20~40目范围的活性焦脱硫性能最好;HCl改性活性焦的脱硫性能基本无变化,HNO3改性后有促进作用但作用不大,H2SO4改性反而降低了活性焦的脱硫活性;KOH和NaOH溶液改性活性焦对其脱硫性能有很大的提升作用,其中KOH改性效果更好,NH3·H2O改性基本无影响;先KOH后HNO3两步改性的活性焦效果最佳,并且能维持一定时间100%的脱硫效率。     

Adsorption of mercury by activated carbon prepared from dried sewage sludge in simulated flue gas

Conversion of sewage sludge to activated carbon is attractive as an alternative method to ocean dumping for the disposal of sewage sludge. Injection of activated carbon upstream of particulate matter control devices has been suggested as a method to remove elemental mercury from flue gas. Activated carbon was prepared using various activation temperatures and times and was tested for their mercury adsorption efficiency using lab-scale systems. To understand the effect of the physical property of the activated carbon, its mercury adsorption efficiency was investigated as a function of its Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area. Two simulated flue gas conditions, (1) without hydrogen chloride (HCl) and (2) with 20 ppm HCl, were used to investigate the effect of flue gas composition on the mercury adsorption capacity of activated carbon. Despite very low BET surface area of the prepared sewage sludge activated carbons, their mercury adsorption efficiencies were comparable under both simulated flue gas conditions to those of pinewood and coal activated carbons. After injecting HCl into the simulated flue gas, all sewage sludge activated carbons demonstrated high adsorption efficiencies, that is, more than 87%, regardless of their BET surface area.

Implications: We tested activated carbons prepared from dried sewage sludge to investigate the effect of their physical properties on their mercury adsorption efficiency. Using two simulated flue gas conditions, we conducted mercury speciation for the outlet gas. We found that the sewage sludge activated carbon had mercury adsorption efficiency comparable to pinewood and coal activated carbons, and the presence of HCl minimized the effect of physical property of the activated carbon on its mercury adsorption efficiency.     

国产活性炭喷射去除大型城市生活垃圾焚烧发电厂烟气中的二恶英

本研究针对二恶英削减及降低成本选用优质国产活性炭,对一典型城市生活垃圾焚烧发电厂(MSWI)的"活性炭喷射+布袋除尘过滤"系统优化。在实际工况条件下,对3个活性炭投加速率(5、10和15 kg/h)下所获得的二恶英的排放浓度、去除效率及去除特征进行评价。结果发现,(1)选用的活性炭对二恶英具有优越的去除效果,5 kg/h投加速率即可使去除效率达到99.0%,排放浓度下降到低于改用前的1/10,远低于欧盟排放标准;(2)3个投加实验在二恶英的排放浓度、总去除效率、去除特征上并没有表现出显著差异,综合考虑认为,5 kg/h(150 mg/Nm3)是合理的工程应用依据;(3)本研究成功的实验结果说明,选用的活性炭品质能满足工程需求,其表征特点可作为未来活性炭选用的依据,即孔径分布主要集中在2~5 nm之间,属于中孔范围中靠近微孔区域,比表面积大于500 m2/g,比孔容积大于0.2 cm3/g。     

Removal of SO2 from O2-containing flue gas by activated carbon fiber (ACF) impregnated with NH3

Adsorption of SO(2) from the O(2)-containing flue gas by granular activated carbons (GACs) and activated carbon fibers (ACFs) impregnated with NH(3) was studied in this technical note. Experimental results showed that the ACFs were high-quality adsorbents due to their unique textural properties. In the presence of moisture, the desulphurization efficiency for the ACFs was improved significantly due to the formation of sulfuric acid. After NH(3) impregnation of ACF samples, nitrogen-containing functional groups (pyridyl C(5)H(4)N- and pyrrolyl C(4)H(4)N-) were detected on the sample surface by using an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer. These functional groups accounted for the enhanced SO(2) adsorption via chemisorption and/or catalytic oxidization.     

Simultaneous removal of sulfur dioxide and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from incineration flue gas using activated carbon fibers

Incineration flue gas contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and sulfur dioxide (SO₂). The effects of SO₂ concentration (0, 350, 750, and 1000 ppm), reaction temperature (160, 200, and 280 °C), and the type of activated carbon fibers (ACFs) on the removal of SO₂ and PAHs by ACFs were examined in this study. A fluidized bed incinerator was used to simulate practical incineration flue gas. It was found that the presence of SO₂ in the incineration flue gas could drastically decrease removal of PAHs because of competitive adsorption. The effect of rise in the reaction temperature from 160 to 280 °C on removal of PAHs was greater than that on SO₂ removal at an SO₂ concentration of 750 ppm. Among the three ACFs studied, ACF-B, with the highest microporous volume, highest O content, and the tightest structure, was the best adsorbent for removing SO₂ and PAHs when these gases coexisted in the incineration flue gas.

ImplicationsSimultaneous adsorption of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emitted from incineration flue gas onto activated carbon fibers (ACFs) meant to devise a new technique showed that the presence of SO₂ in the incineration flue gas leads to a drastic decrease in removal of PAHs because of competitive adsorption. Reaction temperature had a greater influence on PAHs removal than on SO₂ removal. ACF-B, with the highest microporous volume, highest O content, and tightest structure among the three studied ACFs, was found to be the best adsorbent for removing SO₂ and PAHs.     

金属改性碳脱除PH3和H2S动力学及反应机理研究

为综合利用黄磷尾气中的CO,通过计算平均活化能和测定XPS、TG／DTA和氮吸附特性的方法,研究了Cu2＋和某金属离子M^n＋改性碳脱除PH,和H2S的动力学和反应机理问题。结果表明：H2S在金属改性碳上反应时平均活化能为134．4J／mol为-0．76级反应,PH,在金属改性碳上反应时平均活化能为1247．6J／mol为-0．8级反应;减小改性碳粒径增加流量可以显著提高其脱除PH,和H。S的速率;XPS、TG／DTA和孔径分布分析证明,改性碳净化H2S和PH3是一个催化吸附过程,H2S和PH3首先与氧在改性碳表面进行催化氧化反应,然后生成S和P2O5沉积吸附在改性碳表面。     

凹凸棒石粘土脱硫剂脱除硫化氢实验研究

采用凹凸棒石脱硫剂在常温常压下脱除高浓度硫化氢(H2S),研究了凹凸棒石含量、活性组分含量和焙烧温度等因素在脱除H 2S中对脱硫效率和硫容量的影响.实验结果表明,以凹凸棒石为主原料、添加20%～30%(质量分数)的活性组分后,对高浓度低流速的H2S具有较高的脱除效率和较大的硫容量.     

污水厂出水回用于污泥焚烧烟气的净化

开展了污水处理厂出水回用于污泥焚烧烟气净化的实验研究。生化出水净化吸收污泥焚烧烟气的效果与气水比、进气浓度、进水pH、进水碱度和水温等因素有关。研究结果表明,气水比10∶1,进水pH为7条件下,生化出水能够有效吸收污泥焚烧烟气中的各种污染物质,出气中气体污染物低于《生活垃圾焚烧污染控制标准》（GB18485-2001）的排放限值要求,吸收后出水各指标均低于《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978-1996）中污染物排放限值的要求。该工艺脱硫效率可达90%,具有系统简单可靠、以废治废、不产生二次污染等优点。     

A sulfur-resistant CuS-modified active coke for mercury removal from municipal solid waste incineration flue gas

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Adsorption is a typical method for air pollutant removal from flue gas. A CuS-modified active coke (CuS/AC) sorbent was developed to improve the...     

Operational characteristics of effective removal of H2S and NH3 waste gases by activated carbon biofilter

Simultaneous removal of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3) gases from gaseous streams was studied in a biofilter packed with granule activated carbon. Extensive studies, including the effects of carbon (C) source on the growth of inoculated microorganisms and gas removal efficiency, product analysis, bioaerosol emission, pressure drop, and cost evaluation, were conducted. The results indicated that molasses was a potential C source for inoculated cell growth that resulted in removal efficiencies of 99.5% for H2S and 99.2% for NH3. Microbial community observation by scanning electron microscopy indicated that granule activated carbon was an excellent support for microorganism attachment for long-term waste gas treatment. No disintegration or breakdown of biofilm was found when the system was operated for 140 days. The low bioaerosol concentration emitted from the biofilter showed that the system effectively avoided the environmental risk of bioaerosol emission. Also, the system is suitable to apply in the field because of its low pressure drop and treatment cost. Because NH3 gas was mainly converted to organic nitrogen, and H2S gas was converted to elemental sulfur, no acidification or alkalinity phenomena were found because of the metabolite products. Thus, the results of this study demonstrate that the biofilter is a feasible bioreactor in the removal of waste gases.     

燃煤炉窑烟气净化工艺及其装置的研究

在实验测试基础上,对燃煤烟气喷钙水浴复合脱硫工艺及设备进行了研究。实验表明,采用喷钙水浴复合脱硫工艺较单一喷钙或水浴具有更高的脱硫效果,且喷入的碳酸钙可得到充分利用。此外,还对钙硫比、喷钙方向及喷管插入水深等影响脱硫效率的因素进行了测试分析。     

活性炭纤维在机动车尾气净化中的研究与应用展望

机动车尾气净化控制的一个难点在于冷启动阶段，此时由于温度较低，催化剂尚未完全起作用，导致排出的污染物浓度较高。阐述了活性炭纤维的基本特性，特别是其低温吸附与催化性能对NO和CO的转化作用，讨论了活性炭纤维作为机动车尾气净化材料所需的改性及方法，并展望了其应用前景。     

活性炭负载I-TiO2对气体中甲苯的吸附

利用溶胶凝胶-浸渍烧结法制备了碘掺杂二氧化钛修饰的活性炭复合吸附剂。利用XRD、SEM、BET、Boehm滴定、亚甲蓝吸附值等手段研究了活性炭负载前后表面结构与性质。利用动态吸附实验研究了活性炭负载I-TiO2复合材料（IT/AC）和再生IT/AC对气体中甲苯的吸附。考察了活性炭粒径、气体的流速、吸附床层高度和气体中甲苯的浓度对活性炭吸附性能的影响及甲苯在活性炭固定床上的吸附动力学。结果表明：由于介孔I-TiO2和活性炭的协同作用,负载适量I-TiO2对活性炭结构和吸附性能影响较小。活性炭的粒径越小、复合材料的吸附穿透点和饱和吸附量越大;气体的流速和甲苯的初始浓度越大,复合材料的吸附穿透点越小但饱和吸附量越大。YOON-NELSON模型可以预测复合材料吸附甲苯的动力学过程。     

活性炭纤维在机动车尾气净化中的研究与应用展望

机动车尾气净化控制的一个难点在于冷启动阶段,此时由于温度较低,催化剂尚未完全起作用,导致排出的污染物浓度较高。阐述了活性炭纤维的基本特性,特别是其低温吸附与催化性能对NO和CO的转化作用,讨论了活性炭纤维作为机动车尾气净化材料所需的改性及方法,并展望了其应用前景。