磁性还原石墨烯的制备及其对抗生素的吸附性能

针对日益突出的抗生素水污染问题,利用共沉淀法制备磁性还原石墨烯(rGO/Fe3O4),并研究其对污染物去除性能。通过考察pH、吸附时间、污染物浓度等影响因素,研究rGO/Fe3O4对四环素(TC)和磺胺嘧啶(SDZ)2种典型抗生素的吸附性能,并分析吸附机理。实验结果表明:rGO/Fe3O4对2种抗生素具有很好的吸附能力,对TC和SDZ的最佳吸附pH分别在4.0和5.0左右,对应的最佳吸附量分别达到(114.29±1.60)和(20.64±2.17)mg·g-1;对TC的吸附效果要好于SDZ。rGO/Fe3O4对2种抗生素污染物的吸附更符合准二级反应模型,表明吸附过程是由化学反应控制,而不是物理扩散控制,通过计算可知,TC的吸附速度要快于吸附SDZ。rGO/Fe3O4对TC和SDZ的吸附过程更接近 Langmuir 吸附等温方程,模拟的最大吸附量分别为123.46和28.49 mg·g-1,与实测值很吻合。rGO/Fe3O4具有优良的磁性分离效果,可以快速完成与液相污染物的分离;对rGO/Fe3O4吸附2种抗生素的机理主要包括π-π共轭作用、氢键作用、静电作用以及范德华力等,这些作用力使rGO/Fe3O4对抗生素具有优良的吸附性能。     

Design a flower-like magnetic graphite carbon microsphere for enhanced adsorption of 2,4-dichlorophenol

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - 2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) is a hazardous chlorinated organic chemical, so its removal is an important task to protect the whole ecosystem and human...     

泥炭对甲苯的吸附-解吸行为研究

用热处理方法对泥炭进行活化改性,探讨了对甲苯的吸附性能及影响因素,并研究了甲苯在泥炭上的吸附/解吸行为。结果表明,粒径在0.6～1 mm之间的泥炭在160℃热处理5 h,在pH为7的条件下对甲苯有良好的吸附效果,对甲苯的吸附量为0.32 mg/g。泥炭对甲苯的吸附在20 min内基本达到平衡,可用二级吸附速率方程进行拟合。甲苯在泥炭上的吸附和解吸均呈现明显的非线性,用Langmuir模型能较好地描述,泥炭对甲苯的饱和吸附量为0.939 mg/g。甲苯在泥炭上的平均解吸率为6.393%,并且出现了滞后现象,表明苯系物与泥炭有较强的结合能力。研究结果为应用泥炭作为PRB装填介质进行原位修复甲苯污染的地下水提供了理论依据。     

A geometric approach to determine adsorption and desorption kinetic constants

A geometric method based on Langmuir kinetics has been derived to determine adsorption and desorption kinetic constants. In the conventional procedure, either the adsorption kinetic constant (k(a)c) or desorption kinetic constant (k(d)c) is found from kinetic experiments and the other is calculated by their correlation with the equilibrium constant, i.e, k(d)c = Kcon/k(a)c, where Kcon has been known from equilibrium studies. The determined constants (Kcon, k(a)c, k(d)c), if based only on the conventional procedure, may not be accurate due to their mathematical dependence. Therefore, the objectives of this study are applying a geometric approach to directly determine Langmuir kinetic constants and describe adsorption behavior. In this approach, both adsorption kinetic constant (k(a)g) and desorption kinetic constant (k(d)g) are obtained only from data of kinetic experiments, and a geometric equilibrium constant (Kgeo) is calculated by Kgeo = k(a)g/k(d)g. The deviation between Kgeo and Kcon can prove the accuracy of k(a)g and k(d)g which were determined by this method. This approach was applicable to selenate, selenite and Mg2+ adsorption onto SiO2 regardless of whether the adsorbate formed inner- or outer-sphere complexes. However, this method showed some deviation between Kcon and Kgeo for Mn2+ adsorption because of the formation of surface Mn(II)-hydroxide clusters, which was inconsistent with the basic assumption of this method of monolayer adsorption.     

不同利用方式土壤中磷的吸附与解吸特性

研究不同利用方式土壤对磷的吸附解吸特性及其影响因素。采用室内恒温培养法研究了湖南典型土壤(红壤、潮土和紫色土)的不同利用方式(旱地、水田)土壤对P的吸附和解吸过程。土壤对磷的吸附解吸过程是分阶段进行的,用Langmuir方程拟合程度比Freundlich方程高,相关系数均在0.90(P<0.05)以上;从最大吸附量(Qm)、吸附反应常数(K)和最大缓冲容量(MBC)3项吸附参数综合考虑,旱地对P的吸附无论在强度还是容量方面均大于同母质的水田土壤;解吸率随着吸附量的增加而增大,其大小为旱地<水田。Qm与<0.002 mm粘粒及无定形铁含量呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.95和0.94(P<0.05)。不同利用方式土壤P吸附解吸特性差别较大,针对不同土壤应采取不同的磷素管理措施以实现作物增产和保护环境的双重效益。     

Effect of organic acids on adsorption and desorption of rare earth elements

Effect of citric, malic, tartaric and acetic acids on adsorption of La, Ce, Pr and Nd by and desorption from four typical Chinese soils was studied. Generally, adsorption capacities of rare earth elements (REEs) were significantly correlated with the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of soils. In the presence of acetic acids adsorption of REEs was similar to that in the presence of Ca(NO3)2. However, in the presence of citric, malic and tartaric acids adsorption of REEs by Heilongjiang, Zhejiang and Guangdong soils decreased to varying extents if compared with that in the presence of nitrate and acetic acid. The significance of suppression followed the order of citric acid > malic acid > tartaric acid > acetic acid, which was consistent with the order of stability of complexes of REEs with these organic acids. However, the adsorption increased with increasing equilibrium solution pH. For Jiangxi soil with low soil pH, CEC and organic matter these organic acids exerted an even more serious suppression effect on the adsorption of REEs. Another feature of the relationship between the adsorption of REEs and equilibrium solution pH was that the adsorption of REEs decreased with increase of pH from 2 to 4.5 and then slightly increased with further increase of pH. Desorption of REEs varied with soils and with organic acids as well. REEs were released easily from Heilongjiang, Zhejiang and Guangdong soils in the presence of organic acid. Generally, desorption of REEs decreased with increasing equilibrium solution pH. Effect of organic acids on desorption of REEs from Jiangxi soil was more complicated. In the presence of citric and malic acids no decrement and/or slight increase in desorption of REEs were observed over the equilibrium solution pH from 3 to 6.5. The reasons for this were ascribed to the strong complexing capacity of citric and malic acids and low soil pH, CEC and organic matter of Jiangxi soil.     

稻壳沸石的合成及其对氨氮的吸附/脱附动力学

以稻壳为原料采用水热合成法制备了沸石,运用XRD、SEM和BET技术表征了合成沸石的结构特性。通过静态实验,研究了合成沸石对氨氮的吸附和脱附机理。结果表明：延长水热合成的晶化时间有利于合成沸石晶核的形成,合成沸石比表面积为28.418 m2·g-1,平均孔径为31.1 nm,孔体积为0.22 m3·g-1,属NaP型微介孔吸附材料。伪二级吸附动力学模型更适合描述合成沸石对氨氮的吸附过程,由伪二级吸附动力学模型拟合得到的平衡吸附量与实测值相差在1.0%以内。颗粒内扩散速率是由膜扩散和内扩散共同控制,颗粒内扩散速率常数kp随初始浓度的增加而提高。MNaOH/ANMNaOH/AN的增大,温度对脱附的促进作用变得越来越小,当MNaOH/AN>1.21时,氨氮的脱附率可达92.1%。伪二级脱附动力学模型的拟合结果优于伪一级,碱当量高于临界值之后对提高合成沸石脱附氨氮的效果不大。     

改性疏水硅胶用于油气吸附解吸的研究

吸附法为油气回收的常用方法,对吸附剂的研究有着重要的意义。为了开发出高吸附量、高热稳定性和疏水性的油气回收专用硅胶,对常规硅胶的物理及化学改性方法进行了研究。通过分析热处理温度、热处理时间及升温速度等因素对改性硅胶吸附效果的影响,提出了汽油油气吸附率高、吸水率低的硅胶改性条件为:酒石酸改性剂,热处理温度550~650 ℃,热处理时间3~10 h,升温速度3~10 ℃/min。同时,研究了影响改性硅胶解吸效果的因素,结果表明,真空度越高,温度越高,解吸次数越多,改性硅胶的解吸率越高。     

无硫膨胀石墨的制备及吸油性能

通过单因子实验考察了无硫膨胀石墨制备过程中氧化剂及插层剂用量、氧化反应及插层反应时间、氧化反应及插层反应温度对无硫膨胀石墨膨胀体积的影响。通过正交实验确定了制备无硫膨胀石墨的最优条件是:石墨(g)∶浓硝酸(mL)∶30%H2O2(mL)∶乙酸酐(mL)=1∶2.25∶0.25∶0.6,在30℃条件下氧化反应60 min,加入插层剂后在60℃条件下插层反应90 min,此条件无硫膨胀石墨的膨胀体积达317 mL/g使用XPS、FT-IR、XRD和SEM对无硫膨胀石墨进行了表征并对其吸油性能和再生性能进行了研究。结果表明,所制备无硫膨胀石墨对原油和柴油的最大吸附量分别为66.3 g/g和62.7 g/g。吸附原油后的无硫膨胀石墨抽滤再生后首次再生率为49.1%,原油的回收率为64.5%。     

活性炭和沸石分子筛处理非稳定排放VOCs气体的性能比较

通过对活性炭和沸石分子筛的表征和动态吸附/脱附实验,探索2类吸附材料固定床工艺用于非连续、非稳定类型的大风量、低浓度挥发性有机物（VOCs）排放控制的应用前景。结果表明：沸石分子筛孔径分布较为集中,约在0.8 nm,比表面积为393.76 m2·g-1;活性炭孔径分布具有广谱性,微孔集中在1~2 nm之间,比表面积为1 026.71 m2·g-1。活性炭对二甲苯的平衡吸附量总体高于沸石分子筛,其平衡吸附容量随气相平衡浓度和温度的波动要大于沸石分子筛。动态吸附穿透实验结果显示沸石分子筛单位传质区长度的平均传质速率是活性炭的约1.42~1.66倍。相同吸附和脱附温度条件下,活性炭的工作容量要大于沸石分子筛。沸石分子筛在210 ℃时基本脱附彻底,且可得到48倍以上的浓缩脱附气体。50次的吸附、脱附重复实验对沸石分子筛的性能影响不大。沸石分子筛作为吸附材料脱附单位质量的二甲苯所需能耗是活性炭的2.9~4.2倍。活性炭和沸石分子筛可采用不同的工艺方式应用于低浓度、大风量、非稳定排放的VOCs气体的净化。     

Mutual effects of cadmium and phosphate on their adsorption and desorption by goethite

Adsorption of cadmium (Cd) and phosphate by oxides or soils has been extensively studied, but the adsorption/desorption kinetics and mutual effects of these two species in co-existing systems has received little attention. In this study, a batch equilibration method was used to investigate the effect of phosphate and its application time on Cd adsorption and desorption on goethite. The influence of Cd and its application time on phosphate sorption and desorption kinetics was also determined. For Cd adsorption, phosphate was introduced into the system by two sequences: pre-treating goethite at 40 (degrees)C for 1 week, and applying with Cd simultaneously. Similarly, for phosphate sorption, Cd was applied by pre-treating goethite at 40 (degrees)C for 1 week or simultaneous addition with phosphate. Results demonstrated that phosphate added to goethite enhanced Cd adsorption, and facilitated Cd release as compared to untreated goethite. Cadmium had slightly higher adsorption, but a significantly faster desorption rate from the goethite simultaneously treated with phosphate and Cd, as compared to phosphate-pretreated goethite. Cadmium and its application time had little impact on phosphate sorption by goethite. However, phosphate desorption kinetics was affected by Cd application time. When the sorption time was short (15 min), phosphate desorption was faster from the goethite that was simultaneously treated with phosphate and Cd, as compared to Cd pretreated or untreated goethite. In contrast, a longer sorption time (4 weeks) resulted in a higher desorption rate of phosphate from Cd pretreated goethite than simultaneously phosphate-Cd treated goethite. This study provided useful information on adsorption/desorption kinetics in complicated Cd-phosphate-goethite systems.     

吸附增效低温等离子体法去除甲苯废气的研究

采用150Hz中频高压交流电源作为低温等离子体发生源,选用典型的微孔γ-Al2O3球形颗粒吸附剂(以下简称γ-Al2O3)作为等离子体反应器填充材料,协同低温等离子体法催化降解甲苯废气。考察了在不同条件下,γ-Al2O3的甲苯吸脱附效果和吸附增效低温等离子体法的甲苯去除效果。结果表明,甲苯降解反应主要发生在γ-Al2O3的表面,甲苯的去除率在一定的浓度范围内与γ-Al2O3表面吸附的甲苯量成正比关系;填充γ-Al2O3有利于提高甲苯去除率及等离子体反应器能量利用率;γ-Al2O3对臭氧的降解表现出一定的促进作用。     

羧甲基纤维素/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料对刚果红的吸附与解吸性能

羧甲基纤维素(CMC)/有机蒙脱土(OMMT)纳米复合材料作为吸附剂应用于废水处理,对其结构进行了表征并对吸附时间、染料初始浓度、染料pH对该吸附剂吸附染料刚果红的影响进行了研究,同时探讨了吸附动力学和吸附热力学。结果表明,羧甲基纤维素与有机蒙脱土已经很好地复合,在吸附温度为30℃条件下,当吸附时间为4 h,染料初始浓度为800 mg/L,染料pH=10时吸附剂对染料表现出较好的吸附效果,吸附量可达156.64 mg/g。吸附符合伪二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温式。分别借助振荡器和超声波对吸附饱和的吸附剂进行解吸,研究解吸时间对吸附剂解吸实验的影响,结果表明,超声波条件下的解吸效果(34.45%)好于无超声波条件(15.69%),超声波有助于提高解吸率。     

氟利昂11在浸渍活性炭床层的吸脱附行为

对低浓度氟利昂11气体在浸渍活性炭 (浸渍炭) 上的吸脱附行为进行了研究。考察了不同的气流比速和气流湿度条件对氟利昂11在浸渍炭床层吸附穿透的影响,利用Wheeler方程和Yoon-Nelson方程描述了吸附动力学过程。探讨了脱附温度、气流比速及床层含水率等影响因素对氟利昂11脱除效果的影响机制,运用LDF和Freundlich脱附动力学模型对脱附过程进行了描述。结果表明：氟利昂11在浸渍炭上的吸附动力学主要受外扩散控制,确定了其1%穿透时间与气流比速的定量关系;气流湿度对氟利昂11吸附行为的影响体现在与水分子发生竞争吸附,从而导致穿透曲线出现卷起现象;氟利昂11的脱附速率大小与脱附温度、气流比速和床层含水率呈正相关;当脱附温度为25~30 ℃,气流比速为0.8 L·min⁻¹·cm⁻²时为最佳机械泄露测试脱附条件。本研究可为有毒有害气体净化用固定床吸附装置的设计,以及机械泄露非破坏性检验应用方法的建立参考。     

Factors influencing adsorption and desorption of trimethoprim on marine sediments: mechanisms and kinetics

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Adsorption-desorption behavior of ionic antibiotics in natural aquatic environment is complex, especially in coastal or estuary area where influencing...     

生物炭对抗生素的吸附/解吸研究进展

抗生素的滥用使得其在环境中被频频检出,并且由此导致的抗性基因污染已严重威胁到人类和动物健康。抗生素的吸附/解吸行为是其进入环境后发生迁移转化的重要途径之一。生物炭因具有成本低廉、制备简单、吸附效果好等优点,近年来被学者广泛关注。从动力学、热力学角度阐述生物炭对抗生素的吸附/解吸机理,分析生物炭对抗生素吸附/解吸过程的影响因素,包括生物炭自身特性(比表面积、官能团、微孔结构)、生物炭释放的溶解性有机质(DOM)、生物炭中的持久性自由基以及pH、温度、离子强度、腐殖酸、生物炭老化等环境因素,试图系统探究生物炭对抗生素吸附/解吸的本质。虽然生物炭对抗生素吸附行为的研究已日渐成熟,但有关生物炭对抗生素的解吸机理、生物炭衍生DOM对吸附/解吸过程的影响、生物炭施用后带来的环境风险以及改性生物炭的实际应用等方面的研究还不够完善,今后对这些方面的研究仍有待加强。     

沸石分子筛和活性炭吸附/脱附甲苯性能对比

考察了甲苯在NaY型沸石分子筛(简写为NaY)、13X型沸石分子筛(简写为13X)、Hβ型沸石分子筛(简写为Hβ)、MCM-22型沸石分子筛(简写为MCM-22)和ZSM-5型沸石分子筛(简写为ZSM-5)上的吸附/脱附性能,同时与椰壳活性炭(AC)的吸附/脱附性能进行对比.结果表明,各吸附剂对甲苯的平衡吸附量大小依次为:AC>NaY>Hβ>13X>MCM-22>ZSM-5,甲苯从吸附剂表面脱附难易程度依次为:AC>NaY、13X>Hβ>MCM-22>ZSM-5>ZSM-5对甲苯的平衡吸附量和吸附强度都最小,这是由于甲苯无法进入ZSM-5的内部孔道造成的;在低甲苯质量浓度(<1 000 mg/m3)时.NaY平衡吸附量超过AC,因此NaY更适合应用在低浓度有机废气吸附治理中,Langmuir吸附方程比Freundlich吸附方程更符合沸石分子筛吸附甲苯的行为.     

A comparison of five pesticides adsorption and desorption processes in thirteen contrasting field soils

Batch adsorption and desorption experiments were performed using thirteen agricultural soil samples and five pesticides. Experimental data indicated a gradient in pesticide adsorption on soil: trifluralin > 2,4-D > isoproturon> atrazine > bentazone. Atrazine, isoproturon and trifluralin adsorption were correlated to soil organic matter content (r2 = 0.7, 0.82, 0.79 respectively). Conversely, bentazone adsorption was governed by soil pH (r2 = 0.68) while insignificant effect has been shown in the case of 2,4-D. Multiple linear regressions were used to combine relationships between the various soil parameters and the Freundlich adsorption coefficient (K(f)) of each pesticide. Then desorption was assessed since it may reflect some of the interactions involved between the pesticides and the soil components. Adsorbed molecules were released into aqueous solution in the following order: bentazone > atrazine> isoproturon> 2,4-D > trifluralin. The occurrence of hysteresis did not allow an accurate interpretation of the pesticide desorption data because of the possible interplay of several processes.     

一种新型Fenton-流化床催化剂的制备及表征

非均相Fenton-流化床体系主要使用石英砂作为催化剂载体,该技术的实际应用由于催化剂活性寿命低、制备困难等原因而受到限制.提出了一种新型的Fenton-流化床催化剂——负载氧化铁陶粒.使用循环浸泡法制备的负载陶粒对苯甲酸模拟废水的处理效果良好.表征结果分析表明,载体表面铁含量大幅度上升,负载的氧化铁紧紧包裹在陶粒表面,且表面有大量缝隙,利于增加反应比表面积,而密度变化不大.该催化剂的催化活性重复性良好,重复使用4次后对苯甲酸模拟废水依然有较好的处理效果.使用该催化剂进行垃圾渗滤液的降解实验能在一定程度上减少亚铁的投加量,具有较好的实际应用前景.     

Synthesis and characterization of magnetic Fe3O4@CaSiO3 composites and evaluation of their adsorption characteristics for heavy metal ions

A two-component material (Fe₃O₄@CaSiO₃) with an Fe₃O₄ magnetite core and layered porous CaSiO₃ shell from calcium nitrate and sodium silicate was synthesized by precipitation. The structure, morphology, magnetic properties, and composition of the Fe₃O₄@CaSiO₃ composite were characterized in detail, and its adsorption performance, adsorption kinetics, and recyclability for Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Cr³⁺ adsorption were studied. The Fe₃O₄@CaSiO₃ composite has a 2D core–layer architecture with a cotton-like morphology, specific surface area of 41.56 m²/g, pore size of 16 nm, and pore volume of 0.25 cm³/g. The measured magnetization saturation values of the magnetic composite were 57.1 emu/g. Data of the adsorption of Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Cr³⁺ by Fe₃O₄@CaSiO₃ fitted the Redlich–Peterson and pseudo-second-order models well, and all adsorption processes reached equilibrium within 150 min. The maximum adsorption capacities of Fe₃O₄@CaSiO₃ toward Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Cr³⁺ were 427.10, 391.59, and 371.39 mg/g at an initial concentration of 225 mg/L and a temperature of 293 K according to the fitted curve with the Redlich–Peterson model, respectively. All adsorption were spontaneous endothermic processes featuring an entropy increase, including physisorption, chemisorption, and ion exchange; among these process, chemisorption was the primary mechanism. Fe₃O₄@CaSiO₃ exhibited excellent adsorption, regeneration, and magnetic separation performance, thereby demonstrating its potential applicability to removing heavy metal ions.