Investment threshold and management reflection for industrial system cleaning: a case for China

Introduction  

The recognition that industrial activity plays an essential role in a sustainable society is now widespread. To understand the causal relationship between industrial pollution abatement expenditure and industrial system cleaning level in China is of considerable importance, especially under extremely rapid industrial growth and serious pressure of industrial pollutants abatement context.     

Status of industrial fluoride pollution and its diverse adverse health effects in man and domestic animals in India

Hydrofluorosis in humans and domestic animals is a worldwide health problem and caused by a prolonged period of fluoride exposure through drinking of fluoride contaminated water. But in recent years, due to rapid industrialization in India, diverse serious health problems among industrial workers and residents and domestic animals living in the industrial areas due to fluoride pollution are on the rise. A number of coal-burning and industrial activities such as power-generating stations, welding operations and the manufacturing or production of steel, iron, aluminum, zinc, phosphorus, chemical fertilizers, bricks, glass, plastic, cement, and hydrofluoric acid are generally discharging fluoride in both gaseous and particulate/dust forms into surrounding environments which create a industrial fluoride pollution and are an important cause of occupational exposure to fluoride in several countries including India. An industrial emitted fluoride contaminates not only surrounding soil, air, and water but also vegetation, crops and many other biotic communities on which man and animals are generally dependants for food. Long- time of inhalation or ingestion of industrial fluoride also causes serious health problems in the forms of industrial and neighborhood fluorosis. In India, whatever research works conducted so far on the chronic industrial fluoride intoxication or poisoning (industrial and neighborhood fluorosis) in man and various species of domestic animals due to a prolonged period of industrial fluoride exposure or pollution (contamination) are critically reviewed in the present communication. Simultaneously, we are also focused the various bio-indicators and bio-markers for chronic industrial fluoride intoxication or pollution.     

燃煤工业锅炉排放二氧化硫对大气的污染及工业固硫型煤的应用

本文论述了我国燃煤工业锅炉排放ＳＯ２对大气污染的状况及发展趋势,以及应用工业固硫型煤控制燃煤工业锅炉对大气的污染。燃煤工业锅炉燃烧工业固硫型煤时,可明显地降低ＳＯ２和烟尘的排放量,并节约煤炭。在当前及今后相当长的时期内,推广和发展工业固硫型煤,是防治燃煤工业锅炉大气ＳＯ２污染的一条投资少、见效快、简便易行的实用措施,其经济效益及环境效益相当可观。     

论清洁生产向工业生态学的转变

清洁生产为建立清洁的生产工艺和产品提供了理论基础和实践经验。但由于主要致力于具体的工业过程控制,不考虑工业系统间的相互连接,对于减缓整体的环境影响的作用不十分显著。以工业代谢、生命周期评价和生态工业园建设为研究方法,于９０年代兴起的工业生态学（生态循环）既清洁生产的扩展,也是产业界实现可持续发展的理论基础,也是新一轮产业革命的发展的具体行动计划。     

a rapid emission survey procedure for industrial air pollutants

A methodology has been developed to calculate industrial air pollutant emissions with an absolute minimum of effort. The procedure is dependent upon available industrial fuel data for Standard Industrial Classifications for Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas as published by the Census of Manufacturers. Emission factors were developed which include both combustion and process losses and six SIC classifications which consume, on the average, about 80 per cent of the industrial fuels in urban areas. In spite of the diversity of industrial processes which dictate the weight of emissions discharged from industrial operation, factors have been developed which are considered representative for urban areas across the nation. The development of such factors permits the calculation of industrial emissions with a minimum of man-hours. The developed procedure allows the calculation of industrial emissions on an urban basis, a state basis, or a nation basis.     

Concentrations of volatile organic compounds in an industrial area of Korea

We measured and analyzed daily mean concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOC) at Ulsan industrial and downtown sites from 3 to 8 June 1997. The industrial site is situated at the boundary of a petrochemical complex and the other is at downtown area in Ulsan. At each site, we collected ambient air samples in passivated stainless-steel containers by using constant flow samplers and analyzed them by a GC-FID. At Ulsan industrial site, the concentrations and their daily variations of total VOC were higher than those at the downtown site. The concentrations of oxygenated hydrocarbons were the highest among seven hydrocarbon groups at both sites. The fraction of C₂–C₅ light hydrocarbon concentrations to C₂–C₉ hydrocarbons at Ulsan industrial site was higher than that in other industrial areas. It suggests that fugitive emissions of light hydrocarbons in Ulsan industrial areas might be higher than those of other industrial areas. Under favorable wind conditions, the influence of industrial emissions of VOC on the downtown hydrocarbon levels was observed.     

Emergy-based comparative analysis on industrial clusters: economic and technological development zone of Shenyang area,China

In China, local governments of many areas prefer to give priority to the development of heavy industrial clusters in pursuit of high value of gross domestic production (GDP) growth to get political achievements, which usually results in higher costs from ecological degradation and environmental pollution. Therefore, effective methods and reasonable evaluation system are urgently needed to evaluate the overall efficiency of industrial clusters. Emergy methods links economic and ecological systems together, which can evaluate the contribution of ecological products and services as well as the load placed on environmental systems. This method has been successfully applied in many case studies of ecosystem but seldom in industrial clusters. This study applied the methodology of emergy analysis to perform the efficiency of industrial clusters through a series of emergy-based indices as well as the proposed indicators. A case study of Shenyang Economic Technological Development Area (SETDA) was investigated to show the emergy method’s practical potential to evaluate industrial clusters to inform environmental policy making. The results of our study showed that the industrial cluster of electric equipment and electronic manufacturing produced the most economic value and had the highest efficiency of energy utilization among the four industrial clusters. However, the sustainability index of the industrial cluster of food and beverage processing was better than the other industrial clusters.     

Small mammal populations at hazardous waste disposal sites near Houston, Texas, USA

Small mammals were trapped, tagged and recaptured in 0.45 ha plots at six hazardous industrial waste disposal sites to determine if populations, body mass and age structures were different from paired control site plots. Low numbers of six species of small mammals were captured on industrial waste sites or control sites. Only populations of hispid cotton rats at industrial waste sites and control sites were large enough for comparisons. Overall population numbers, age structure, and body mass of adult male and female cotton rats were similar at industrial waste sites and control sites. Populations of small mammals (particularly hispid cotton rats) may not suffice as indicators of environments with hazardous industrial waste contamination.     

“无废城市”建设期间工业固体废物管理体系构建

我国工业固体废物产生量大、种类繁多、风险具有隐蔽性,亟需构建规范化管理体系。“无废城市”建设可充分调动社会资源,统筹推动工业固体废物全过程管理工作,在此期间构建我国工业固体废物管理体系具有重要意义。从我国工业固体废物产生与管理现状出发,剖析工业固体废物管理存在的短板,针对性地提出我国工业固体废物管理体系构建原则、方法和主要内容,以期为提升工业固体废物管理工作提供参考。     

China’s industrial gray water footprint assessment and implications for investment in industrial wastewater treatment

Industrial wastewater is the largest contributor of toxic pollutants and third-largest contributor of nutrients to bodies of water in China, and understanding the characteristics of such pollution is important for water pollution control. In this study, the industrial gray water footprint (GWF) of each industry sector in China’s 31 provinces in 2015 was calculated to identify the pollution characteristics of industrial wastewater discharge and determine how to efficiently allocate investment to pollution reduction. We show that the total industrial GWF of China was 300 billion m³ in 2015 and that the major pollutants were petroleum pollutant (PP), ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), volatile phenol (VP), and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The water pollution level (WPL) was higher than 1 in Ningxia, Shanxi, Hebei, Tianjin, Shanghai, Henan, and Shandong, indicating that industrial pollution exceeded the carrying capacity of local water bodies in these seven regions. Given equivalent total investment, a scenario that takes the total reduction of the industrial GWF weighted by the WPL in each region as the investment target can better allocate funds to control industrial wastewater pollution in regions with high WPLs relative to a scenario in which investment targets the reduction of the unweighted total industrial GWF. For further industrial GWF reduction in regions with high WPLs, it is crucial to adjust the industrial structure and to upgrade relevant technologies.

     

Emergy-based assessment on industrial symbiosis: a case of Shenyang Economic and Technological Development Zone

Industrial symbiosis is the sharing of services, utility, and by-product resources among industries. This is usually made in order to add value, reduce costs, and improve the environment, and therefore has been taken as an effective approach for developing an eco-industrial park, improving resource efficiency, and reducing pollutant emission. Most conventional evaluation approaches ignored the contribution of natural ecosystem to the development of industrial symbiosis and cannot reveal the interrelations between economic development and environmental protection, leading to a need of an innovative evaluation method. Under such a circumstance, we present an emergy analysis-based evaluation method by employing a case study at Shenyang Economic and Technological Development Zone (SETDZ). Specific emergy indicators on industrial symbiosis, including emergy savings and emdollar value of total emergy savings, were developed so that the holistic picture of industrial symbiosis can be presented. Research results show that nonrenewable inputs, imported resource inputs, and associated services could be saved by 89.3, 32.51, and 15.7 %, and the ratio of emergy savings to emergy of the total energy used would be about 25.58 %, and the ratio of the emdollar value of total emergy savings to the total gross regional product (GRP) of SETDZ would be 34.38 % through the implementation of industrial symbiosis. In general, research results indicate that industrial symbiosis could effectively reduce material and energy consumption and improve the overall eco-efficiency. Such a method can provide policy insights to industrial park managers so that they can raise appropriate strategies on developing eco-industrial parks. Useful strategies include identifying more potential industrial symbiosis opportunities, optimizing energy structure, increasing industrial efficiency, recovering local ecosystems, and improving public and industrial awareness of eco-industrial park policies.     

Physicochemical characterization of industrial effluents and their effect on fish survival.

Water samples taken from selected industrial drainages and receiving streams in and around Islamabad, Pakistan, during the summers of 1987 to 1990 showed disturbances in pH and low oxygen levels. Selected metals (Fe, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, Ni, Hg) were higher in all effluents than in receiving waters. Static bioassays of the undiluted industrial effluents from three sites caused 100% mortality in carp during the first 24 hrs. Fishes also suffered 30 to 60% mortality when exposed to other undiluted industrial effluents and some mortality when industrial effluents were diluted by 50%.     

国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项“天津滨海工业带废水污染控制与生态修复综合示范”项目的主要研究成果及其应用

针对天津滨海工业带当前面临的有限的水环境容量、水生态承载力与密集的工业排放强度之间的矛盾,部署了国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项项目“天津滨海工业带废水污染控制与生态修复综合示范”。依托该项目,开展了天津滨海工业带水生态环境精细化管理、“减排-扩容-保安全”模式下的工业园区高标准排放、突发水环境风险应急管控等研究工作,集成构建了水资源、水环境、水生态、水安全统筹兼顾的天津滨海工业带“负荷零增长”水环境管理技术体系、滨海工业带工业园区高标准排放与生态修复技术体系和“查-控-处”一体化的水环境风险管控体系。依托该项目研发的技术体系在天津滨海工业带进行了示范与应用,实现了滨海工业带水生态环境空间管控、水质目标精细化管理和基于差异化区域总量的排污许可管理等核心管理技术的有效衔接;在国内首次系统解决了滨海工业带工业园区污水处理厂最严格的准IV类排放稳定达标问题,首次提出了统筹初期雨水强化预处理的滨海工业带多功能人工湿地协同构建模式;建成了国内首个大型环境应急装备物资库与风险管控平台,形成了系统化应急技术与装备体系,填补了天津滨海工业带环境风险管控的空白。     

Research on measurement and improvement path of industrial green development in China: a perspective of environmental welfare efficiency

The increasing concern about the environmental issue and its serious adverse effects on human health has made China’s industrial green transformation being a matter of public concern. In this study, a network slack-based measure (NSBM) was applied to explore China’s industrial green development level from the perspective of environmental welfare efficiency (EWE), considering not only the impact of industrial development on environment and economy, but also the impact on human well-being. Based on the data of 30 provincial administrative regions in China from 2004 to 2017, the comprehensive efficiency (CE) of China’s industrial sector was measured and decomposed. The results show that the industrial production efficiency (IPE) is much higher than the EWE, and the improvement of the EWE will be the key to realize the green transformation of China’s industry. On this basis, considering the effects of spatial interaction, the spatial Durbin model was established to analyze the driving factors of EWE. Finally, this research puts forward promotion path of industrial green development.

     

Investigating the chromium status,heavy metal contamination,and ecological risk assessment via tannery waste disposal in sub-Saharan Africa (Kenya and South Africa)

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - To mitigate the negative environmental and public health concerns associated with increased industrial discharges amid the rapid industrial growth,...     

基于系统动力学模型的工业固废管理政策作用仿真

基于系统动力学(SD)原理,首先对工业固体废弃物管理政策与其他各要素间的相互关系进行了分析,构建了因果关系图及流图;在此基础上建立了系统动力学(SD)方程,定义了激励因子和约束因子的概念,明确了其与系统其他各要素间的关系及相关参数的确定方法;最后以辽宁省为例进行实证研究,预测了辽宁省未来工业固体废弃物的产生量、综合利用量、处置量、排放量、贮存量、累积贮存量的变化趋势,对政府的激励和约束政策的变化对工业固体废弃物不同处理方式的作用效果进行了仿真。研究成果对政府科学制定政策,提高我国工业固体废弃物管理的研究水平具有重要理论与现实意义。     

Physicochemical characterization of industrial effluents and their effect on fish survival

Abstract

Water samples taken from selected industrial drainages and receiving streams in and around Islamabad, Pakistan, during the summers of 1987 to 1990 showed disturbances in pH and low oxygen levels. Selected metals (Fe, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, Ni, Hg) were higher in all effluents than in receiving waters. Static bioassays of the undiluted industrial effluents from three sites caused 100% mortality in carp during the first 24 hrs. Fishes also suffered 30 to 60% mortality when exposed to other undiluted industrial effluents and some mortality when industrial effluents were diluted by 50%.     

Industrial digitization and synergy between pollution and carbon emissions control: new empirical evidence from China

Industrial digital transformation is a key engine to help developing countries reduce pollution and carbon emissions. We used the composite system synergy model (CSSM) and modified entropy weight method to measure the degree of synergy between pollution and carbon emissions control (SPCEC) and the level of industrial digitization in each province and city based on the Chinese inter-provincial panel data from 2011 to 2020. We then used the two-way fixed effects and panel quantile regression models to test the heterogeneous influence of industrial digitization on the SPCEC. We found that: (1) industrial digitization had a positive contribution to the SPCEC. (2) Digitization of industry contributes more to the SPCEC level than the digitization of agriculture and services. (3) The promotion of SPCEC by industrial digitization is significant in the western region, but not in the eastern, central and northeastern regions. (4) In provinces and municipalities with lower level of SPCEC, the contribution of industrial digitization to the SPCEC is higher. This paper reveals the impact of industrial digitization on the SPCEC and can provide a policy reference for the realization of the SPCEC from the perspective of the integration of industry and digitization.

     

文丘里水膜除尘器除尘脱硫增效技术研究

介绍了三相流化床技术用于文丘里水膜除尘器除尘脱硫增效的原理、工艺流程以及在410t／h锅炉上的工业应用结果。工业运行测试结果表明，其脱硫效率可达85％左右，除尘效率达98％左右。该系统结构简单、运行可靠，具备了工业应用的条件。     

Digitalization and environment: how does ICT affect enterprise environmental performance?

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Despite the increasing use of digital technology in industrial production, how industrial digitalization affects the environmental performance of...