呼兰河哈尔滨段水环境质量现状及污染源解析

为了解呼兰河哈尔滨段水环境质量现状及污染物来源,在平水期和枯水期,对呼兰河哈尔滨段沿线进行现场勘查及断面水质监测。结果表明,呼兰河哈尔滨段沿岸集中式排污点源、工业点源、农村生活污染、畜禽粪便、农田径流等各类污染源化学需氧量总入河量为7 671.02吨/年,氨氮总入河量为1 195.16吨/年。松北区的主要污染贡献源为肇兰新河支流污染;呼兰区的主要污染贡献源为集中式排污点源和农业面源污染。     

东北黑土区农业面源污染特征及防治对策

东北黑土区是我国重要的粮食生产基地,季节性农业面源污染不容忽视。本文系统总结了东北黑土区农业面源污染物的输出特征,梳理了农业面源污染负荷估算与源解析的方法,有针对性地归纳了区域面源污染防治的实用新技术,提出今后农业面源污染防治方面的建议。     

东北寒地黑土保护与利用的对策和建议

粮食综合生产能力与粮食安全问题是各国政府及专家学者关注与研究的世界性重大问题。本文分析了我国粮食主产区的粮食生产能力的重要影响因素之一,土地的重要性,尤其东北寒地黑土是世界顶级瑰宝,非常珍贵,而目前遭到了浪费和破坏状况,提出了保护寒地黑土的对策。     

呼兰河流域庆安段水污染现状分析及对策

通过对呼兰河流域庆安段水污染的监测数据统计分析,提出防治流域污染的对策,为恢复呼兰河支流水体生态功能做出努力。     

治理企业污染推进工业强省

内江:经济复兴,治污先行 内江市位于四川盆地的腹心地带,面积5386平方公里,人口420余万,辖三县两区.长江一级支流沱江贯穿内江市,流域面积占全市面积的94.5%.历史上,内江市是老工业基地,产业结构和工业布局不尽合理,结构性污染矛盾比较突出.近年来,内江市委、市政府结合内江的实际情况,狠抓工业污染治理,以治污为契机,全面推动城市经济、环境、社会协调发展.     

延河流域水污染现状及防治对策

０前言延安的大气污染与水体污染一直是我市环保工作面临的两大主要问题。在城区大气污染治理已取得初步成果的情况下，水污染治理显得尤为突出。特别是延河流域的水污染和延安市城区居民饮水安全问题已成为人民群众观注的焦点。为此，在广泛深入调查研究的基础上，对污染成因进行了认真分析，同时对延河流域水污染防治对策进行了初步探索。１延河水域污染现状延河发源于靖边县天赐湾乡周山，由西北东南流经志丹、安塞、宝塔区、延长四县区，于延长县南河沟乡汇入黄河，全长２８６．９公里，流域面积７７２４平方公里，我市境内河长２４８．…     

齐齐哈尔市农业源污染现状与减排形势分析

对全市农业污染源现状进行分析,确定重点污染区域、主要排污畜禽种类,总结农业源污染特点,提出适合我市实际情况的减排思路,为我市农业源总量减排提供建设性意见。     

治理企业污染 推进工业强省

内江市位于四川盆地的腹心地带，面积5386平方公里，人口420余万，辖三县两区。长江一级支流沱江贯穿内江市，流域面积占全市面积的94．5％。历史上，内江市是老工业基地，产业结构和工业布局不尽合理，结构性污染矛盾比较突出。近年来，内江市委、市政府结合内江的实际情况，狠抓工业污染治理，以治污为契机，全面推动城市经济、环境、社会协调发展。     

进一步加强我市农业环境保护工作 冯克熙副市长在区、县环境保护工作会议上的总结讲话

这次市人民政府召开的全市区、县环境保护工作会议,是我市第一次以研究农业生态环境保护工作为主要内容的会议。由于实行地、市合并,我市人口已增加到1300多万,农业人口占78％,拥有23000多平方公里的土地,96％以上是农村。因此,加强农业资源和生态环境的保护,已成为我市环境保护工作的一个重要课题。这次会     

东北商品粮基地粮食生产的区域分异

论文以商品粮基地县为研究单元,运用数理统计和GIS空间分析结合的方法,揭示东北商品粮基地县粮食总产的区域差异。研究结果表明:①粮食总产低于平均水平的商品粮基地县占多数,高于平均水平的基地数量仅占36.36%,但粮食产量占全部基地县粮食总产量的64.74%;②粮食生产基本上形成了以玉米、大豆、水稻为主的生产能力格局,粮食总产的区域差异小于分品种粮食作物内部的区域差异;③从省域尺度看,粮食总产高于平均水平的基地县84.6%分布在黑龙江和吉林两省,粮食生产布局的区域化、专业化趋势明显,大宗粮食作物进一步向产粮大县集中;④从区域尺度看,粮食总产的空间格局高低交错,集中在以松嫩平原中部黑土区、辽河平原和三江平原为重心的平原地区,有由中部平原地区向周边递减的趋势。回归分析表明,播种面积的区域差异是导致商品粮基地县粮食总产区域分异的主要原因,农业现代化水平对其具有重要影响。应加强商品粮基地建设,加大中低产田的改造力度,走以提高粮食单产来提高粮食综合生产能力的内涵式发展道路。     

Review of the progress in preparing nano Ti02： An important environmental engineering material

TiO2 nanomaterial is promising with its high potential and outstanding performance in photocatalytic environmental applications, such as CO2 conversion, water treatment, and air quality control. For many of these applications, the particle size, crystal structure and phase, porosity, and surface area influence the activity of TiO2 dramatically. TiO2 nanomaterials with special structures and morphologies, such as nanospheres, nanowires, nanotubes, nanorods, and nanoflowers are thus synthesized due to their desired characteristics. With an emphasis on the different morphologies of TiO2 and the influence factors in the synthesis, this review summarizes fourteen TiO2 preparation methods, such as the sol-gel method, solvothermal method, and reverse micelle method. The TiO2 formation mechanisms, the advantages and disadvantages of the preparation methods, and the photocatalytic environmental application examples are proposed as well.     

Cercaricidal activity of some essential oils of plants from Brazil

Extended screening tests on the cercaricidal activity of various plants from northeast Brazil have shown that the extracts of the leaves and fruits ofPiper marginatum,Protium heptaphyllum, andCapsicum annuum show a remarkable effect on the cercaria ofSchistosoma mansoni. In the case of the oils ofPiper marginatum andCapsicum annuum, 90–96% of the cercaria ofSchistosoma mansoni were killed within 15 min. According to the NMR spectra, the active principles of the extracts seem to be water-soluble unsaturated compounds from the oils or their hydrolysis products. Natural substances provide an attractive alternative for preventive actions against schistosomiasis, as the perturbation of the ecological equilibrium of natural waters can be avoided in this manner.     

Guidelines for the strategic management of flood risks in industrial plant oil in the Brazilian coast: adaptive measures to the impacts by relative sea level rise

This study provides guidelines for strategic management in industrial oil plants linked to uncertainties of climate change through the development of integrated planning methodology with focus on coastal flooding events caused by relative sea level rise (RSLR). The research site is in Redonda Island, located in Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro City, Brazil, and since 1960, it constitutes an industrial oil plant facility. The region suffers interaction with storms and meteorological tides from extratropical cyclones over the South Atlantic Ocean, being vulnerable to risks of disasters, floods, and coastal erosion. A Program on Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessments to Relative Sea Level Rise (“Programa de Avaliação e Adaptação às Vulnerabilidades de Elevação do Nível Relativo do Mar—PAAVENRM”) was developed to avoid compromising the regional and local development in the industrial system of the island, which is an ad hoc instrument designed to anticipate and reduce risks, damages, and losses by occurrence of extreme climatic events in coastal areas prone to flooding caused by RSLR. Results from computer simulation modeling indicate 37 prospective qualitative scenarios that consolidate the conditions of future climate vulnerability of the plant, starting from United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) information for RSLR up to 2100. Three quantitative forecasting scenarios were simulated, under boundary conditions preset for different altimetric ranges subject to submersion, based upon ordinary and extraordinary tides measured in the area in relation to RSLR, which allowed the evaluation of the industrial infrastructure at risk. Furthermore, three thematic maps were elaborated for the planning of specific coastal protection interventions. Percentages of physical damage and property losses were estimated. The importance of applying guidelines for medium and long-term corporate strategy management, integrating the risk of flooding, the rigging of civil defense systems, meteorology, and of the plans, programs, and existing systems and others to be developed is highlighted. From this perspective, the proposed scenarios help to identify the most relevant alternatives for mitigation and adaptation under technical criteria for decision making in the study area.     

Environmental management accounting (EMA) as the next step in the evolution of management accounting

Why should organizations and accountants care about environmental issues? Environmental performance and disclosure pressures from the supply chain, finance providers, regulatory agencies, and other stakeholders result in ever-increasing environment-related costs for organizations, but there is also an increasing recognition of the potential monetary benefits of improved environmental performance. There is also growing consensus that traditional accounting practices do not adequately provide the information required for environmental management and the strategic decisions related to it.Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) has been promoted by the Working Group on EMA of the United Nations Division for Sustainable Development UN DSD EMA WG and the publications commissioned by it [UNDESA/DSD, 2001. United Nations Division for Sustainable Development. Environmental Management Accounting, Procedures and Principles. United Nations Publications, New York/Geneva, http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/sdissues/technology/estema1.htm; UNDESA/DSD, 2002. United Nations Division for Sustainable Development. Environmental Management Accounting: Policies and Linkages. United Nations Publications, New York/Geneva, http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/sdissues/technology/estema1.htm]. Recently, IFAC has published a guidance document on EMA [International Federation of Accountants (IFAC), 2005. International Guidance Document of EMA. IFAC, New York, http://www.ifac.org] that will further promote its application among accountants.This special issue of the Journal of Cleaner Production on EMA focuses on this methodological background as well as upon experiences from case studies from Australia, Austria, Argentina, Canada, Japan and Lithuania.     

Transfer-RNA: The early adaptor

Evolutionary history of tRNA is studied by comparative sequence analysis of two specified tRNA's at various phylogenetic levels and of tRNA families within four different species. Criteria are developed that allow 1) to distinguish between convergent and divergent evolution, 2) to determine the mechanism of divergence and 3) to estimate the degree of randomization of the variable parts of the sequences. The conclusion of these investigations is that tRNA's represent ancient molecules that existed in the form of a mutant distribution prior to their integration into genomes.     

UVC Inactivation of dsDNA and ssRNA Viruses in Water: UV Fluences and a qPCR-Based Approach to Evaluate Decay on Viral Infectivity

Disinfection by low-pressure monochromatic ultraviolet (UVC) radiation (253.7 nm) became an important technique to sanitize drinking water and also wastewater in tertiary treatments. In order to prevent the transmission of waterborne viral diseases, the analysis of the disinfection kinetics and the quantification of infectious viral pathogens and indicators are highly relevant and need to be addressed. The families Adenoviridae and Polyomaviridae comprise human and animal pathogenic viruses that have been also proposed as indicators of fecal contamination in water and as Microbial Source Tracking tools. While it has been previously suggested that dsDNA viruses may be highly resistant to UVC radiation compared to other viruses or bacteria, no information is available on the stability of polyomavirus toward UV irradiation. Here, the inactivation of dsDNA (HAdV2 and JCPyV) and ssRNA (MS2 bacteriophage) viruses was analyzed at increasing UVC fluences. A minor decay of 2-logs was achieved for both infectious JC polyomaviruses (JCPyV) and human adenoviruses 2 (HAdV2) exposed to a UVC fluence of 1,400 J/m², while a decay of 4-log was observed for MS2 bacteriophages (ssRNA). The present study reveals the high UVC resistance of dsDNA viruses, and the UV fluences needed to efficiently inactivate JCPyV and HAdV2 are predicted. Furthermore, we show that in conjunction with appropriate mathematical models, qPCR data may be used to accurately estimate virus infectivity.