上海城郊土壤重金属含量的空间变异与分布特征

为揭示城市化、工业化等人为活动对土壤环境质量的影响,选择上海城郊结合部为研究区域,采用地统计学方法对表层土壤样品Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Mn 5种重金属的空间变异结构和分布特征进行了分析。结果表明：土壤Cu、Cr、Mn、Pb、Zn均属中等变异,土壤Mn含量服从正态分布,土壤Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn含量服从对数正态分布;半方差函数模型拟合结果显示土壤Mn符合指数模型,土壤Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn符合线性模型、其中土壤Cu、Pb、Zn为纯块金效应模型,反映了城郊结合部土壤污染空间变异的复杂性。通过泛克里格插值可直观反应表层土壤重金属含量空间分布特征,发现土壤Cr、Mn呈岛状,土壤Cu、Pb、Zn呈多岛状分布的特点,工业和交通污染源是影响土壤重金属空间分布的重要因素     

“城郊乡”梯度下土壤Cu、Zn、Pb含量的空间变异特征

为揭示城市化、工业化等人为活动对土壤环境质量的影响,选择能反映上海城郊乡梯度差异的中心城区、城郊结合部和远郊,采用地统计学方法对表层土壤样品Cu、Zn、Pb的空间变异结构和分布特征进行了对比分析。结果表明:城市土壤Pb、Cu、Zn的变异系数范围为0.24~0.62,均属中等变异强度。徐汇区土壤Cu、Pb、Zn符合正态分布,闵行区土壤Cu、Pb和Zn符合对数正态分布,奉贤区土壤Zn呈正态分布,土壤Cu、Pb符合对数正态分布。由中心城区到远郊,城市土壤Cu、Pb、Zn的各项统计特征值和变异系数均有较大差异,存在明显的空间分布差异。半方差函数分析结果表明,徐汇区作为中心城区,土壤Cu、Pb、Zn符合球状模型,土壤Cu、Zn具有强烈的空间相关性,土壤Pb具有明显的空间自相关。奉贤区以农业用地为主,土壤Pb符合线性模型,土壤Cu符合高斯模型,土壤Zn符合指数模型,具有强烈的空间相关性。闵行区地处城郊结合部,土壤Cu、Pb、Zn的半方差拟合模型均为线性模型,表现为纯块金形式,以随机变异为主,空间相关性弱。采用Kriging最优内插法进行无偏估值,绘制了表层土壤重金属含量的空间分布图,中心城区、城郊结合部、郊区土壤重金属的空间分布受城市化、工业化、城市交通等因素的影响,均表现出不同的空间分布规律。     

Effects of readily dispersible colloid on adsorption and transport of Zn, Cu, and Pb in soils

Soil colloids (<0.002 mm) were extracted from three types of soils to make the colloid-bound forms of Zn, Cu, and Pb solution. The clay mineral types and composition of the colloids, the adsorption characteristics of the colloids, and the effect of readily dispersible colloid on the transport of metals and the quality of the soils and groundwater were studied. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of Cu, Zn, and Pb was greater for the Aquic Vertisols (Shajiang Black soil) as compared to the Udic Luvisols (Brown soil) and Usdic Luvisols (Cinnamon soil), due to the difference of clay content and clay mineral composition in the different soils. The adsorption capacity of Pb was much higher than that of Zn and Cu for the same soils, which would contribute to the chemical properties of metals and specific adsorption characters of the colloids. The mobility of Zn in soils was greater than that of Cu and Pb, while similar trend was found in the transportation processes for Zn and Cu. The concentration of Zn and Cu in leachates increased as the leaching solution volume increased, but the migration of Pb was negligible, and the concentration of Pb could not been detected in leachates even after 7.5 pore volume leaching solution. The influence of mobility on Zn and Cu transport was different for different type of colloids. The mobility caused by readily dispersible colloids from Aquic Vertisols was greater as compared to that of Udic Luvisols and Usdic Luvisols. Analysis of soils after column leaching indicated that Zn was distributed much deeper than Cu, but Pb was almost not migrated, and mainly accumulated in the soil surface. Therefore, Zn had greater tendency for the groundwater pollution than Cu and Pb, and Pb tends to contaminate the surface soils.     

Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons,phenols, and trace metals in selected soil profiles and plant bioindicators in the Holy Cross Mountains,south-central Poland

This report presents the results of PAH, phenol, and selected trace element (Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, S, and Zn) determinations on detailed soil profiles and associated plant bioindicators (including lichen Hypogymnia physodes, moss Hylocomium splendens, pine Pinus sylvetris) from the three most representative habitats in the Holy Cross Mts, south-central Poland. This study is only part of a larger ongoing environmental study that includes complex sulfur isotope and element determinations in three national parks in N, central and S parts of Poland. The highest concentrations of PAHs (1887 ppb) and numerous trace elements are found in the organic horizon-O and humic horizon-A of each soil type. Different plant species and their individual tissues reveal considerable variability in the concentration of PAHs, phenols and elements examined. Most of the H. physodes thalli also reveal higher concentrations of individual hydrocarbons and some elements (including S and Zn) than their host bark. The highest concentration levels of phenols (1217 ppb) are noted in the 1-year pine needles. Most of the PAHs and elements examined seem to be of anthropogenic origin. The only exception is the distribution pattern of elements in southwestern part of the study area, which is linked to the local bedrock geochemical anomaly. The results of this study indicate that the content of PAHs, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, S and Zn in the soils and plant bioindicators examined has not changed considerably since 1998.     

Strategies of heavy metal uptake by plants growing under industrial emissions

Total concentrations of Al, Ba, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Pb and Zn have been estimated in soil (A-horizon) and in leaves and stem samples of two Mediterranean species (Nerium oleander L. and Pinus pinea L.) growing in an industrial area in Spain (Huelva). Both species showed a different behaviour for the elements studied. Bark and leaves of both species acted as excluders of Al, Ba, Cr, Fe and Pb, N. oleander acted as indicator of Cu and Zn and, needles and bark of P. pinea behaved as accumulators of Cu. The enrichment ratio data indicated that Cu in soil and plant was enhanced with anthropogenic activities, with industrial activities being the primary contributor for Cu. All the other elements studied were controlled by natural source variations, but Pb could also be anthropogenically enhanced. Wood did not accumulate pollutants, with the translocation from bark being rather reduced. Uptake patterns of metals into foliage and bark tissues were more or less the same in both species for almost all the studied elements, which indicates that both plant parts could be indifferently used as biomonitors.     

江苏港口海域沉积物重金属污染状况

江苏海港建设方兴未艾,赣榆港和大丰港发展速度尤为突出。分别选取赣榆港和大丰港海域的6个和8个沉积物调查站位,通过地统计分析探讨主要污染来源空间分布和来源组成特征,并对重金属污染现状进行评价。结果显示,赣榆港表层沉积物中Cd、As、Cu、Pb、Cr、Zn含量范围分别为0049 3~0098 7、73~178、199~412、132~192、275~542、438~812 mg/kg,空间分布上总体表现为近岸海域较离岸海域略高,沉积物重金属含量受到陆源影响,〖JP2〗其中重金属Zn与Cu存在相同或相似的来源,而As的来源与其他重金属差异均较大;大丰港表层沉积物中Cd、As、Cu、Pb、Cr、Zn含量范围分别为0037 8~0229 0、57~190、32~275、100~231、620~870、320~859 mg/kg,重金属空间上区域变异显著,除Cr外的重金属之间存在相同或相似来源。污染评价显示,赣榆港和大丰港整体污染程度总体较轻。港口建设初期的海洋沉积物调查与评价,不仅反映该海域初始的沉积环境状况,为沉积环境影响评价提供参考,还能为港口规模和产业选择提出限制条件     

Mineral composition of assimilative organs of conifers after reduction of atmospheric pollution in the Kola Peninsula

An analysis has been made of changes in the mineral composition of conifer needles in northern taiga forests after reduction of emissions from the Severonickel Copper-Nickel Smelter Complex in the city of Monchegorsk, the most powerful source of air pollution in Northern Europe. The data obtained in permanent monitoring plots in 1991, 1993, 2000, and 2007 have been compared. The results provide evidence for reduction in the concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Ni, Fe) and sulfur in the needles of spruce and pine trees in areas with different levels of air pollution. However, mineral nutrition of conifers has not been optimized. The plants are insufficiently supplied with nutrient elements such as P, Mg, Mn, and Zn. The contents of these and other elements essential for the normal functioning of needles (in particular, Ca, K, and P) continue to decrease, especially in pollution-induced sparse spruce forests. The most significant alterations of nutrient regime have been revealed in the Siberian spruce.     

盲数优化地积累模型评价长江中下游湖泊沉积物重金属污染

盲数优化地积累模型是基于最大隶属度原则和隶属度加权相结合的一种不确定性评价方法。鉴于污染评价系统多种不确定信息共存的特点,将盲数优化地积累模型应用于长江中下游不同类型湖泊沉积物中重金属污染程度评价中。根据计算出的可能值区间及可信度看空间分布的均匀性,以及评价等级的可信度水平,辨识污染程度和等级,减小局部污染对区域整体污染程度的影响。结果表明:象湖、鄱阳湖、洞庭湖3个湖泊表层沉积物中的重金属的空间分布都不均匀,象湖表层沉积物中重金属的污染情况为:PbCuZn,其中Pb为中度污染,Cu为轻度污染,Zn为清洁;鄱阳湖沉积物中重金属污染评价结果为Cu﹥Pb﹥Zn,其中Cu为中度污染,Pb为偏中度污染,Zn为偏重污染;洞庭湖沉积物中重金属污染评价结果为Cu≈Pb≈Zn,且均为轻度污染。盲数优化地积累模型方法可行,与定性评价结果基本一致,但在对污染等级判定上更真实可靠。弥补了传统确定性方法的不足,更真实、更客观地表征了评价区域沉积物重金属的富集污染程度。     

Response of the pigment system of conifers to long-term industrial air pollution

To estimate the response of conifers to long-term industrial air pollution at the pigment system level, the dynamics of photosynthetic pigments have been studied in needles of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Siberian spruce (Picea obovata Ledeb.) growing at different distances from the emission source (a pulp and paper mill). It has been shown that the pigment apparatus of spruce. The results show that in spruce, unlike in pine, the pigment apparatus remains unchanged under the effect of weak pollution. Long-term exposure at high levels of industrial emission results in suppression of chlorophyll and carotenoid syntheses in pine but stimulates pigment production in spruce. An increase in the contents of pigments in the needles of conifers growing in the impact zone of the pulp and paper mill reflects a compensatory mechanism of adaptation of their pigment system to long-term stress exposure.     

Acidification of lead/zinc mine tailings and its effect on heavy metal mobility

The acid-forming potential of lead/zinc (Pb/Zn) mine tailings at Lechang City of Guangdong Province was studied using both net acid generation (NAG) and acid-base accounting (ABA) methods. The pyritic and total sulfur contents of the tailings were 12.6% and 18.7%, respectively. The mean acid neutralization capacity (ANC) was 63.5 kg H2SO4/t while three oxidized tailings samples had an ANC less than zero. The NAG and net acid production potential (NAPP) values were 220 and 326 kg H2SO4/t, and both the NAG and NAPP results indicated that the tailings had a high acid-forming potential. NAG was more accurate than NAPP in predicting acid-forming potential of the tailings due to uncompleted oxidization of pyritic sulfur. Analysis of samples from two profile tests indicated that acidification mainly occurred at the surface (0-20 cm) and had little effects at deep layer of the tailings. Total concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd were increased greatly with depth at the acidified tailings profile, while heavy metal concentrations at different depths of nonacidified tailings profile were similar. The results indicated that depletion of heavy metals at the acidified surface was due to acidification. The diethylenetetramine pentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd concentrations of acidified tailings surface (0-20 cm) were significantly higher than those of nonacidified tailings, which further revealed that acidification enhanced the mobility of heavy metals in the tailings.     

Morphophysiological responses of Pinus sylvestris L. and Picea obovata Ledeb. to industrial pollution under conditions of Northwestern Russia

Morphophysiological parameters of needles have been studied in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Siberian spruce (Picea obovata Ledeb.) trees of different life states growing under conditions of industrial air pollution with sulfur and heavy metals. Three functional clusters (tentatively named the initial, transitional, and disastrous clusters), each characterized by a certain metabolic status, have been revealed, and their quantitative and qualitative structure has been evaluated. The morphophysiological responses of pine and spruce are shown to be qualitatively different, depending on differentiation of trees with respect to vitality under conditions of industrial pollution. Probable factors accounting for these differences are discussed.     

鄱阳湖主要入湖口重金属的分布及潜在风险评价

于2011年5月在鄱阳湖的主要入湖口采集了水样和表层沉积物,测定并分析了其中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd 4种重金属元素的含量和分布。同时采用地积累指数法、潜在生态危害指数法和生态毒性效应等评价方法对沉积物中重金属的污染状况进行了分析评价。结果显示：鄱阳湖主要入湖口水体重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd含量均符合国家渔业水质标准要求,除修河的Pb和信江、饶河入湖口的Cd含量属于国家地表水Ⅱ类水质外,其它所有样地的4种重金属含量均低于国家地表水I类标准限值。沉积物中4种重金属含量均超过鄱阳湖相应背景值且呈积累富集的趋势,其中信江入湖口、饶河入湖口以及三江口已受到重金属的严重污染,潜在生态危害均为中等,而污染最轻的区域为南主湖区。揭示重金属污染程度顺序为Cu＞Zn＞Pb＞Cd;单个重金属潜在生态风险顺序为Cd＞Cu＞Pb＞Zn。进一步的生态毒性效应评价结果表明,虽然鄱阳湖主要入湖口沉积物已经受到重金属污染,但对多数底栖生物未产生明显毒害     

赣江南昌段水化学特征及城区影响

为探究赣江南昌段水化学时空变化特征及南昌城区对赣江的影响,于2015年4月~2016年3月在赣江南昌段（赣江进入南昌城区前、城区中心及流经城区后的北支、中支和南支）进行月周期采样,分析水体中的化学离子（HCO-3、Cl-、SO2-4、NO-3、K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、NH+4）,重金属元素（Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Cd、Sb、Pb）以及溶解性有机碳（DOC）、总磷（TP）的分布特征及影响因素。结果表明：1）赣江南昌段总体水质在地表水源地标准限值内,水化学类型为HCO3-Ca型水,HCO-3、Cl-、SO2-4、NO-3、K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、NH+4、Mn和DOC含量在不同月份间的变化主要受流量影响,Cr、Fe、Ni、Cu、Cd、Sb、Pb和TP受流量影响较小。（2） 赣江南昌段污染程度为：南支污染最重,北支次之,中支、城区中心和入城区前的污染程度相近。TP、Cr、Ni、Cu、Sb、Pb在南支显著偏高,Mn在北支显著偏高。（3）TP、Ni、Cu、Pb受南昌城区影响显著,经城区后含量增加;DOC、Cd经城区后含量减小,但流经城郊农业区后增加;HCO-3、Cl-、NO-3、SO2-4、Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、NH+4、Cr、Fe、Mn、Sb受南昌城区影响不显著。 关键词： 赣江;南昌城区;水化学;时空变化     

Pb, Zn, and Cu levels in tree barks as indicator of atmospheric pollution

Barks of seven species of trees were sampled at 32 locations having different pollution levels in Abeokuta, Nigeria. The concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Cu were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The Pb and Zn contents, 1.9-159.8 and 16.5-659.1 micrograms g-1, dry weight respectively, correlate with traffic volume, indicating pollution from anthropogenic sources. The results obtained for Cu, 4.2-20.7 micrograms g-1, dry weight, though lower, were still significant but did not show any correlation with traffic density. The study also confirms the suitability of Azadirachta indica (Dogoyaro--a very popular local tree) as a suitable bio-indicator of aerial fallout of heavy metals.     

Impacts of sewage irrigation on heavy metal distribution and contamination in Beijing, China

A potential hazard to Beijing was revealed due to the accumulation trend of heavy metals in agricultural soils with sewage irrigation, which results in metal contamination and human exposure risk. Samples including soils and plants were collected to assess the impacts of sewage irrigation on the irrigated farming area of Beijing. Concentrations of the five elements Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Pb were determined in samples to calculate the accumulation factor and to establish a basis for environmental protection and the suitability of sewage irrigation for particular land use in the urban-rural interaction area of Beijing. Using reference values provided by the Beijing Background Research Cooperative Group in the 1970s, the pollution load index (PLI), enrichment factor (EF), and contamination factor (CF) of these metals were calculated. The pollution load indices (sewage irrigation land 3.49) of soils indicated that metal contamination occurred in these sites. The metal enrichment (EF of Cd 1.8, Cr 1.7, Cu 2.3, Zn 2.0, Pb 1.9) and the metal contamination (CF of Cd 2.6, Cr 1.5, Cu 2.0, Zn 1.7, Pb 1.6) showed that the accumulation trend of the five toxic metals increased during the sewage irrigation as compared with the lower reference values than other region in China and world average, and that pollution with Cd, Cu, Zn, and Pb was exacerbated in soils. The distributions of these metals were homogeneous in the irrigation area, but small-scale heterogeneous spatial distribution was observed. Irrigation sources were found to affect heavy metal distributions in soils. It was suggested that heavy metal transfer from soils to plants was a key pathway to human health exposure to metal contamination. However, with the expansion of urban areas in Beijing, soil inhalation and ingestion may become important pathways of human exposure to metal contamination.     

长三角典型城郊农田土壤-浙贝母重金属迁移特征研究

城郊生态系统中土壤重金属分布及其在土壤—植物系统的迁移和富集特征是城乡共生体土壤安全研究的热点问题。以典型经济作物浙贝母(Fritillaria thunbergii)为例,基于野外采样和实验分析,对长三角代表性城郊农田中土壤—植物系统重金属的分布、富集和迁移特征开展研究。结果表明:受人类活动的影响,城郊农田土壤中重金属除Cr外,Cu、Zn、As、Cd和Pb的平均含量超过土壤背景值,并且不同重金属在空间分布上表现较高的空间异质性。除Cd和Cr外,浙贝母植株不同部位重金属含量表现为叶、茎显著高于鳞茎,叶中重金属含量可达到鳞茎的5～10倍,表明叶比鳞茎更易富集重金属。重金属迁移系数分析表明,Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Cd和Pb主要富集在浙贝母植株的地上部分,且不同重金属在植株中的迁移和富集能力具有较大的差异。浙贝母地上部分对Cr、As和Pb的富集能力较低,对Cu、Zn和Cd的富集能力相对较强。相比而言,鳞茎对不同重金属的富集能力均较弱,综合污染评价也表明,浙贝母鳞茎中重金属含量并未超过污染标准。     

经济发达县域耕地土壤重金属污染评价及其影响因素分析——以江苏省昆山市为例

通过对昆山市14个区镇91个土壤样品中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Ni、Hg、Zn 8种重金属测定分析,对该市耕地土壤重金属污染进行评价并进行重金属污染的影响因素分析.结果表明,昆山市耕地土壤存在不同程度的轻微污染,重金属Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Hg、Zn均超过国家土壤背景值,旱地、水田中均以Hg污染范围较广、变异系数较大.综合污染指数表现为水田(1.15)＞旱地(1.00).区镇耕地重金属污染评价表明千灯、陆扬、石浦、锦溪、石牌处于警戒值之内,蓬朗、周庄、张浦、正仪、周市、巴城、淀山湖、花桥、陆家轻度污染;昆山市耕地土壤中重金属元素均未超过土壤环境基本容量,能够保证作物品质和农业持续发展.同时,研究表明区域重金属轻微污染具有复合污染的特性,Cd、Pb相关性最高(P=0.621 0), Pb与Hg、Cu、Zn、Cu与Cr也有相关性(0.438 7、0.426 0、0.350 9、0.394 0),区域重金属的轻微污染受人为因素影响显著,研究指出应加强对区域优先控制污染物Hg、次优先控制污染物Pb、Cd、Zn、Cu、Cr的控制与治理.     

滴水湖沉积物中重金属污染特征与评价

分析滴水湖及其周边沉积物中Hg、As、Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn和Cr等7种重金属含量特征,并用地累积指数法、潜在生态风险指数法和主成分分析法对沉积物中的重金属污染状况进行了评价和分析。结果表明,滴水湖沉积物中As和Pb低于上海市潮滩背景值,Hg、Cd、Zn和Cr均高于潮滩背景值,50%样点的Cu高于潮滩背景值;地累积指数法评价结果表明滴水湖沉积物中Cr的平均污染水平为偏中污染,Hg、Cd和Zn为轻度污染,As、Cu和Pb为清洁水平;潜在生态风险指数法评价结果表明滴水湖沉积物重金属为中等生态风险,Hg和Cd是潜在生态风险的主要贡献元素;主成分分析结果表明,滴水湖沉积物中Hg、Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn和Cr主要来自于人为源,As主要来自底质滩涂     

Multi-elemental EDXRF mapping of polluted soil from former horticultural land

The distribution of major and trace elements was systematically investigated by use of energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF) on a former horticultural soil. The purpose of the study was to combine mapping of soil element concentration levels with multivariate statistics for characterisation of soil metal pollution in relation to previous and present land use. A 1-ha study site was chosen from a former horticulture where a previous preliminary survey indicated increased concentration levels of toxic elements. The soil was sampled from the top 20 cm of the soil surface in a 10 x 10-m grid-like pattern covering the 1-ha study area. In addition, three soil profiles were studied. The elemental composition of the soil samples was investigated by EDXRF while the composition of aqueous soil extracts was determined by total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (TXRF). Based on mapping and multivariate statistically analysis of the data obtained by EDXRF, most elements were found in almost constant concentration levels in the top soil throughout the investigated site. However, the contents of the toxic elements Zn, Cu, As, and Pb were found to vary significantly within the area. Hence, the samples with high accumulations of As also contained relatively high amounts of Zn, Cu, and Pb, which indicates that toxic-element-containing pesticides have been applied to the soil surface in the area of the former green houses at the study site. The Pb/As mass ratio in the soil indicates that PbHAsO3 was the preferential lead arsenate used for pest management at the investigated site, while Cu as Bordeaux liquid (CuSO4) and Zn were applied to minimize the leaf damaging effect from the former compounds. Calculations indicated that As annually was applied to the soil in the former greenhouses in doses up to 4 kg As/ha while Pb had been annually applied in doses up to 12 kg Pb/ha. The enrichment of Zn, Cu, As and Pb was greatest in the top 20 cm of the soil and no anthropogenic enrichment of these elements occurred below a depth of 50 cm, indicating that the toxic elements are rather immobile in this soil. The results of this investigation suggest that EDXRF used in combination with multivariate statistics is a strong tool for multi-element mapping of elemental contents, sources and mobility in the terrestrial environment.     

三峡库区土壤重金属污染评价及其来源

三峡库区由于特殊的地理位置及生态脆弱性,其重金属污染状况备受关注。以三峡库区重庆段为研究区域,利用多目标调查数据,在分析土壤中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Hg、Pb和Zn等8种重金属积累特征的基础上,运用多元统计分析、污染指数法、潜在生态风险评估法以及层次分析法与加权平均评价模型法等方法进行了重金属来源分析和污染评价。研究结果表明: 三峡库区重庆段表层土壤中8种重金属的平均含量顺序为：Cr（8145 mg·kg-1）>Zn（716 mg·kg-1）>Ni（3154 mg·kg-1）>Pb（2527 mg·kg-1）>Cu（2353 mg·kg-1）>As（739 mg·kg-1）>Cd（021 mg·kg-1）>Hg（006 mg·kg-1）;多元统计分析表明Cd和Cr含量主要受到人为活动的影响,Ni、Zn和Cu含量则主要受到区域地质背景的影响,Hg、Pb和As则受到两者的共同影响。各综合评价方法结果趋于一致,均表明大部分样品（>849%）的重金属污染水平属于清洁或轻度污染水平,只有少数样品（<151%）达到中度或重度污染水平,这些样品主要采集于巫山、涪陵、忠县境内。综合分析,认为忠县和涪陵境内土壤出现中度或重度重金属污染主要受其工业生产的影响,巫山境内则主要受到其成土母质的影响。研究结果可为三峡库区土地可持续利用和生态发展提供基础数据与理论依据