钢铁厂废酸对印染前处理废水的混凝沉淀实验

棉纺织印染前处理废水水质成分复杂,污染物含量极高,是印染厂污水处理难以达标的重要原因。实验针对常州某印染厂棉纺织印染前处理车间废水水质特性,选取钢铁厂废酸作为混凝剂对棉纺织印染前处理废水进行了混凝试验研究。得出废酸的最佳投加量为30mL/L;混凝最佳搅拌方式为：以300rpm速度快速搅拌2min,以40rpm搅拌10min;助凝剂阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺（CPAM）以投加4mg/L为宜;最佳沉淀时间为20min。     

高黏度压裂废液絮凝处理实验

压裂废液的高黏度导致其流动性差,投加的PAC、PAM等常规处理剂在废液中很难扩散,传质作用慢,造成絮凝沉淀时间长,絮体虚浮、泥量体积比大,处理效果差。投加膨润土可改善高黏度压裂废液絮凝处理效果,缩短沉降时间。实验表明:最佳处理条件为膨润土加量800¹ 000 mg/L,PAC加量2001 000 mg/L,PAC加量200³00 mg/L.,投加膨润土后搅拌1300 mg/L.,投加膨润土后搅拌1² min;混凝处理后悬浮固体去除率97.5%,石油类去除率88.6%,污泥体积减少50%以上,沉降时间缩短90%。     

气田压裂返排液微涡流混凝处理效果分析

试验针对气田压裂返排液,采用撬装微涡流混凝装置进行了混凝试验研究。通过试验研究发现,絮凝剂选用PAC与膨润土复合剂,且当膨润土与PAC复配比例为1∶1,投加量为500mg/L,投加位置在管道混合器时,混凝效果最好;助凝剂PAM的最佳投加量为20mg/L,最佳搅拌时间为1min,投加位置在搅拌罐。采用"管道混合器+微涡流混凝器+搅拌罐"处理工艺,处理后水质SS、油类的去除率分别达到97.3%和58.1%,黏度可降低52.3%。对混凝处理剂种类、投加量、搅拌时间等参数进行了优选,并对处理剂在设备中的投加位置进行优化,为实现气井压裂返排液不落地处理提供依据。     

化学氧化-絮凝工艺在压裂返排液除硼中的应用

为降低压裂返排液中的硼含量,满足水样回用配液或外排标准,以5口水平井压裂后的返排液为研究对象,考察了氧化剂类型、投加量、预处理条件、沉淀剂类型、投加量对化学氧化工艺的影响;在化学氧化工艺出水的基础上,考察了絮凝剂投加量、搅拌速度和加药时间间隔对絮凝工艺的影响,并监测了两者耦合联用后的效果。结果表明,H2O2和 BaCl2分别作为氧化剂和沉淀剂时,除硼效果较好,建立了最佳投加量与返排液中初始硼浓度相关的线性方程,便于现场快速选定加药浓度;当PAC浓度为80 mg/L、PAM浓度为5 mg/L、搅拌速度30 r/min、加药时间间隔30 s时,絮凝工艺的处理效果最优;将化学氧化-絮凝工艺耦合后,在氧化反应pH 值为９、氧化反应时间为30 min,沉淀反应pH值为9和最佳絮凝工艺的条件下,可保证滤液中硼质量浓度小于5 mg/L,满足回用配液的要求。研究结果可为压裂返排液的高效、清洁处理提供实际参考。     

制浆漂白废水的混凝处理

对制浆漂白废水采用混凝处理方法，实验结果表明，用聚合氯化铝（ＰＡＣ）和聚丙烯酰胺为混凝剂，其投加量分别为２００ｍｇ／ｌ和２ｍｇ／ｌ，经一步混凝处理，出水完全达到国家排放标准，且可进一步回用生产。     

有机颜料废水的混凝预处理研究

利用絮凝剂阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)和混凝剂聚合氯化铝(PAC)对有机颜料废水进行混凝处理,考察了单独使用CPAM、PAC及两者联合使用的处理效果,探讨了初始pH值、混凝剂投加量对处理效果的影响.结果表明,CPAM与PAC复配处理该废水时效果较好,水样pH值为7.0;CPAM与PAC的投药量分别为10mg/L和150mg/L时,浊度去除率可达97.56％.     

石英砂深度处理聚驱采油废水的研究

利用石英砂对模拟聚驱采油废水进行深度处理,依靠吸附作用去除水中的HPAM。考察了石英砂粒径、投加量、搅拌速度、pH以及吸附时间对HPAM去除率的影响。当搅拌速度为250r/min,pH值为2～8,吸附时间为150min,石英砂粒径为35～80目、投加量为1.4g/mL时,HPAM的去除率可达到80%以上。     

改性凹凸棒土复配PAC去除水源水中突发性重金属铜污染研究

以聚合氯化铝为絮凝剂采用强化混凝的处理方法,对水源水中突发性重金属铜的去除进行研究,考察混凝剂投加量和投加改性凹凸棒土等对Cu2+去除率的影响。结果表明,常规工艺对铜的最大去除率为67%,加入改性凹凸棒土可显著提高混凝效果,组合工艺去除铜的最优条件是,聚合氯化铝投加量为30mg/L,改性凹凸棒土投加量为30mg/L,在混凝前1min投加,此时铜的去除率达85%以上。     

强化混凝工艺深度处理含聚采油废水

利用强化混凝工艺对含聚采油废水进行深度处理。在以PFS作为主混凝剂,Potenflo1315和Potenflo1365作为助凝剂的强化混凝实验中,分别考察了pH值、PFS投加浓度以及有机助凝剂Potenflo1365和Potenflo1315的投加浓度对含聚采油废水的处理效果。实验结果表明:在pH值为5.0时,当投加浓度为150 mg/L的PFS与2.5 mg/L的Potenflo1365复配后,对含聚采油废水的处理效果最佳,COD_(Cr)去除率达到88.8%,浊度去除率达到98.1%,经处理后废水主要指标可以达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》一级标准。     

油田压裂废液处理及回注实验

油田压裂废液具有高COD、高悬浮物等特点,处理达标难度大。以悬浮固体含量、悬浮固体颗粒粒径中值和含油量为指标,实验研究了混凝、微滤膜过滤技术参数,最佳条件为:絮凝剂投加量800～1 000mg/L,助凝剂投加量9～10mg/L,快速搅拌G值250～300s--1,慢速搅拌G值约50s--1,经50、10μm两级微滤膜过滤后悬浮固体含量、粒径中值、含油量满足SY/T 5329-2012《碎屑岩油藏注水水质指标及分析方法》标准要求。该方法工艺简单,成本低,在一定程度上解决了压裂废液难处理的问题。     

Regeneration of industrial district wastewater using a combination of Fenton process and ion exchange—A case study

Regeneration studies of wastewater effluent from an organized industrial district (OID) for possible reuse in textile industry as process water was investigated. Advanced treatment methods including Fenton process, polyaluminium chloride (PAC) coagulation and ion exchange were applied on OID effluent. In Fenton process removal efficiencies for suspended solids (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), SAC₄₃₆ (spectral absorption coefficient), SAC₅₂₅ and SAC₆₂₀ were determined 61%, 36%, 35%, 49% and 67%, respectively. After Fenton process, wastewater samples were coagulated with PAC. Optimum removal efficiencies for SS, COD, Fe ion, SAC₄₃₆, SAC₅₂₅ and SAC₆₂₀ were determined 83%, 18%, 93%, 32%, 36% and 58%, respectively. Ion exchange experiments were conducted on chemically coagulated wastewater samples to improve the quality of wastewater. Optimum dosage of resins was determined. The experiments revealed that 1:1 resin ratio (20 mL H-type resin:20 mL OH-type resin) gave the best removal rates for the parameters considered in this study. Study results indicated that quality of the wastewater was suitable for the process water characteristics of textile industry and unit wastewater treatment cost was determined as 2.54 €/m³.     

Effect of impeller type and agitation on the performance of pilot scale ASBR and AnSBBR applied to sanitary wastewater treatment

The objective of this work was to assess the effect of agitation rate and impeller type in two mechanically stirred sequencing batch reactors: one containing granulated biomass (denominated ASBR) and the other immobilized biomass on polyurethane foam (denominated AnSBBR). Each configuration, with total volume of 1 m³, treated 0.65 m³ sanitary wastewater at ambient temperature in 8-h cycles. Three impeller types were assessed for each reactor configuration: flat-blade turbine impeller, 45°-inclined-blade turbine impeller and helix impeller, as well as two agitation rates: 40 and 80 rpm, resulting in a combination of six experimental conditions. In addition, the ASBR was also operated at 20 rpm with a flat-blade turbine impeller and the AnSBBR was operated with a draft tube and helix impeller at 80 and 120 rpm. To quantify how impeller type and agitation rate relate to substrate consumption rate, results obtained during monitoring at the end of the cycle, as well as the time profiles during a cycle were analyzed. Increasing agitation rate from 40 rpm to 80 rpm in the AnSBBR improved substrate consumption rate whereas in the ASBR this increase destabilized the system, likely due to granule rupture caused by the higher agitation. The AnSBBR showed highest solids and substrate removal, highest kinetic constant and highest alkalinity production when using a helix impeller, 80 rpm, and no draft tube. The best condition for the ASBR was achieved with a flat-blade turbine impeller at 20 rpm. The presence of the draft tube in the AnSBBR did not show significant improvement in reactor efficiency. Furthermore, power consumption studies in these pilot scale reactors showed that power transfer required to improve mass transfer might be technically and economically feasible.     

Influence of organic loading on an anaerobic sequencing biofilm batch reactor (ASBBR) as a function of cycle period and wastewater concentration

The effect of organic loading on the performance of a mechanically stirred anaerobic sequencing biofilm batch reactor (ASBBR) has been investigated, by varying influent concentration and cycle period. For microbial immobilization 1-cm polyurethane foam cubes were used. An agitation rate of 500 rpm and temperature of 30+/-2 degrees C were employed. Organic loading rates (OLR) of 1.5-6.0gCODl(-1)d(-1) were applied to the 6.3-l reactor treating 2.0 l synthetic wastewater in 8 and 12-h batches and at concentrations of 500-2000mgCODl(-1), making it possible to analyze the effect of these two operation variables for the same organic loading range. Microbial immobilization on inert support maintained approximately 60 gTVS in the reactor. Filtered sample organic COD removal efficiencies ranged from 73 to 88% for organic loading up to 5.4gCODl(-1)d(-1). For higher organic loading (influent concentration of 2000mgCODl(-1) and 8-h cycle) the system presented total volatile acids accumulation, which reduced organics removal efficiency down to 55%. In this way, ASBBR with immobilized biomass was shown to be efficient for organic removal at organic loading rates of up to 5.4gCODl(-1)d(-1) and to be more stable to organic loading variations for 12-h cycles. This reactor might be an alternative to intermittent systems as it possesses greater operational flexibility. It might also be an alternative to batch systems suspended with microorganisms since it eliminates both the uncertainties regarding granulation and the time necessary for biomass sedimentation, hence reducing the total cycle period.     

Exploitation of Trichoderma harzianum mycelial waste for the removal of rhodamine 6G from aqueous solution

The harvested mycelial waste of Trichoderma harzianum was used as an adsorbent for the removal of rhodamine 6G and was studied in batch mode. The effects of agitation time and initial dye concentration, adsorbent dosage and pH were examined. The study revealed that the amount of dye adsorbed (mgg(-1)) increased with increase in agitation time and reached equilibrium after 120 min, for dye concentrations of 10-50 mg L(-1). The adsorbent dosage of 1.0 g/50 mL and pH of 8.0 were found to be optimum for maximum dye removal. The batch mode adsorption data followed both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The pseudo first- and second-order rate kinetics were applied to the adsorbent system. The adsorption kinetics of rhodamine 6G showed that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model provided the best correlation of the equilibrium data. The study implies that it is possible to develop a dye removal system by using T. harzianum biomass, which occurs as sludge in waste stream of fermentation industries.     

二段混凝沉淀-曝气氧化-砂滤处理印刷电路板废水

探讨印刷电路板废水处理工艺。针对某印刷电路板厂废水水质特点,采用“二段混凝沉淀一曝气氧化一砂滤”工艺对其进行处理。运行结果表明,废水准确分类及预处理、曝气氧化和投加重金属捕捉荆是保证出水达标的重要措施。该工艺处理效果稳定,出水水质低于《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978-1996）中一级标准。本研究为印刷电路板废水的处理提供了一条可行途径。     

某公司印染废水处理工程实例

某公司采用“一级混凝沉淀一水解酸化-A／O法-二级混凝沉淀”工艺处理印染废水,工程日常运行结果表明,在废水主要指标CODQ为660～690mg／L、色度为1200倍时,处理后出水COD0为70-90mg／L,色度为28-35倍,CODo的去除率为86％-89％,色度的去除率约为97％。废水处理系统综合电耗0．8kW·h／t污水,废水处理总运行费用2．2元／t污水,具有较好的技术经济指标。     

壳聚糖/碱铝复配絮凝剂在炼油污水处理中的应用

研究了壳聚糖(CHI)／碱铝(PAC)复配絮凝剂对炼油污水的处理效果，考察了pH值、搅拌时间、沉降时间对炼油污水处理效果的影响，并将之与聚丙烯酰胺(GD-112)／PAC复配絮凝剂对炼油污水处理的效果进行对比。结果表明，CHI／PAC复配絮凝剂在复配比为1：5，pH为7，搅拌10min且沉降10min时处理效果最好，具有适应性广、投加量少、浮渣少、毒性低等特点。     

Surface water and wastewater treatment using a new tannin-based coagulant. Pilot plant trials

A new tannin-based coagulant-flocculant (Tanfloc) was tested for water treatment at a pilot plant level. Four types of water sample were treated: surface water (collected from a river), and municipal, textile industry (simulated by a 100 mg L^?1 aqueous solution of an acid dye), and laundry (simulated by a 50 mg L^?1 aqueous solution of an anionic surfactant) wastewaters. The pilot plant process consisted of coagulation, sedimentation, and filtration. The experiments were carried out with an average coagulant dosage of 92.2 mg L^?1 (except in the case of the surface water for which the dosage was 2 mg L^?1). The efficacy of the water purification was notable in every case: total turbidity removal in the surface water and municipal wastewater, about 95% dye removal in the case of the textile industry wastewater, and about 80% surfactant removal in the laundry wastewater. Filtration improved the removal of suspended solids, both flocs and turbidity, and slightly improved the process as a whole. The efficiency of Tanfloc in these pilot studies was similar to or even better than that obtained in batch trials.     

Fenton氧化处理微电解后制浆中段废水的研究

对微电解后废水初始pH、外加Fe2+、H2O2浓度、处理时间对色度及CODCr去除率的影响进行研究。实验结果表明随着pH的增加,色度和CODCr的去除率均呈现先增加后降低的趋势,在pH值等于4时,处理效果最好。外加Fe2+,H2O2和反应时间对废水CODCr和色度去除率的影响类似于pH的影响,获得的H2O2最佳投加量4 mL/L,FeSO4.7H2O为1.5g/L,最佳处理时间60min。在优化实验条件下,CODCr和色度的去除率稳定在80%和84%附近。