恒温恒湿箱的温湿度调节方法

恒温恒湿箱的温湿度调节方法上海爱斯佩克环境仪器有限公司沈荣林编译传统的恒温恒湿箱的温湿度调节方法主要有露点控制方式和直接调温调湿方式两种。露点控制方式也称作空气洗涤方式。这种恒温恒湿箱的工作原理如图１所示。露点控制方式是这样的一种调节方式：首先将空气...     

电子产品低温试验中的防凝露技术

本文介绍了一种电子产品低温试验防凝露技术。在试验过程中,用干燥的氮气置换出试验箱内的潮湿空气,显著降低箱内空气的露点温度;在允许的情况下,通过降低试验的升温速率或采用步进式升温,解决由试品热惯性导致的试品升温速度滞后于空气升温速度的问题,确保试品的温度高于箱内空气的露点温度,从而避免试品的凝露。某星载产品的试验结果表明,该方法可有效防止低温试验过程中试品的凝露,具有方法简单、通用性强的特点。     

燃煤锅炉低温烟气余热利用探讨

针对燃煤锅炉燃烧产生的低温烟气仍具有一定温度的现象,提出通过增设超导热管空气预热器对这部分低温烟气余热加以回收的设想,对锅炉送风进行预热,探讨烟气余热利用可达到的送风温度、节能效果及可能产生的经济效益。     

源分离一节水与污水资源化的替代方案

本文指出了传统排水模式的缺点,对源分离对策在节水节能、资源回收和污水再生方面的效果进行了分析,认为源分离是一个节水和污水资源化的重要替代方案.     

新型节能电源控制技术在电除尘器上的应用

对当前电除尘器的主流节能技术进行了综合分析和论证,指出应通过先进的电源控制产品优化除尘器运行方式来实现除尘器的节能高效运行,利用高频电源技术达到电除尘器节能减排的目的。     

大气中VOCs的污染及其防治对策

空气中挥发性有机物(VOCs)对人体和环境的影响在国内外已引起广泛关注.本文就其来源、污染机理及计算模式等方面进行综合分析,提出城市中控制此类大气污染物的对策.     

加油站在线监控系统简述与应用展望＊

加油站在线监控装置的正确安装应用是提高油气回收设备正常运行的重要保障,同时也是油气污染控制的有效保证。文章对目前世界上主要在线监控系统进行简述,对美国、德国、中国三国加油站在线监控系统进行分析比较,同时结合上海试点在线监控系统的应用情况和出现的问题,提出了对在线监控系统的应用展望。     

低温微捕集-气相色谱法测定苯及烷基取代苯

文章采用低温微捕集浓缩系统与气相色谱仪连接,用铝箔气袋采集空气中的苯及烷基取代苯类,经低温微捕集浓缩系统对样品进行浓缩处理,并在线注入气相色谱仪进行测定。该低温微捕集浓缩系统可对样品进行100%测定,因此测定的灵敏度增加。该方法与溶剂解吸和热解吸前处理法相比,操作简便,不需要使用有机试剂和老化吸附管,进样量的增加,降低了检出限,可实现对低含量的苯及烷基取代苯类的准确定量。     

山地空气钻机空气压缩系统节能技术改造初探

文章从分析国内外山地空气钻机现状出发,剖析了川庆钻探工程有限公司地球物理勘探公司的能源、清洁生产现状,山地空气钻机空气压缩系统节能技术来源及其先进性、成熟性,主要技术内容和效果分析,技术改造所达到的效果等方面,探索了适合山地空气钻机空气压缩系统的节能技术改造,有利于实现清洁生产技术在物探队的推广。     

低温微捕集-气相色谱法测定空气中苯及烷基取代苯

文章采用低温微捕集浓缩系统与气相色谱仪连接,用铝箔气袋采集空气中的苯及烷基取代苯类,经低温微捕集浓缩系统对样品进行浓缩处理,并在线注入气相色谱仪进行测定。该低温微捕集浓缩系统可对样品进行100％测定,因此测定的灵敏度增加。该方法与溶剂解吸和热解吸前处理法相比,操作简便,不需要使用有机试剂和老化吸附管,进样量的增加,降低了检出限,可实现对低含量的苯及烷基取代苯类的准确定量。     

ESTIMATION OF ENERGY REQUIREMENTS OF MORNING DEW EVAPORATION FROM LEAF SURFACES1

ABSTRACT: Evapotranspiration from vegetation is generally computed without consideration for early morning energy loss involved in drying wet leaf surfaces. In humid areas where dew formation is frequent, estimation of energy requirements for evaporating dew should be of interest. In this study, sensible heat flux (H) was computed from wind and temperature profile measurements over the study site. A leaf wetness sensor was used to measure the duration of evaporation from an exposed leaf surface, and net radiation was measured with a radiometer. The energy flux during the period of wet leaf surface evaporation was integrated over time. A cattail lysimeter situated at the site indicated the time when evapotranspiration started after wet leaves were dry. The energy requirements to dry an exposed wet leaf surface was estimated using energy balance methods. The mean value based on 44 days of observations from mid February to early May of 1993 indicates that the energy required to evaporate dew from openly exposed wet leaves was 5 percent of the total daily evapotranspiration of cattails with a coefficient of variation of 0.72. The mean time required to evaporate dew from exposed leaf surfaces from the onset of positive net radiation was 78 minutes. The mean dew evaporation in a morning from an exposed leaf surface was 0.16 mm with a maximum value of 0.41 mm. The energy required to dry wet leaves is a factor that should be considered when modeling evapotranspiration at hourly or shorter time intervals. Also, physical evapotranspiration models need to account for energy requirements for drying dew and rainfall wetted leaves.     

温、湿度试验中结露的产生与预防措施探讨

从环境试验的概念出发,简要介绍了温、湿度试验中结露的危害,通过对结露产生的原因进行理论上的分析,给出了几种常见温、湿度变化模式下结露的避免方法。     

Temperature and relative humidity distributions in a medium-size administrative town in southwest Nigeria

This study was carried out in one of the medium-sized public administrative towns in the southwestern part of Nigeria. Its aim is to highlight the effect of spatial distribution of settlements, population, and socio-economic activities on urban air temperature and humidity in the town. Temperature and relative humidity data from 1992 to 2001 were obtained from three meteorological stations in Akure, the Administrative Capital of Ondo State, Nigeria. The stations are located within the Federal Ministry of Aviation, Akure Airport (FMA), Federal University of Technology, Akure (FUTA) and Federal School of Agriculture (SOA). Air temperature and relative humidity measurements were also obtained from 27 points, which were cited to include road junctions, markets, built up areas, etc., using sling psychrometer. The data were subsequently analysed for spatial and temporal variations using statistical packages (SPSS and Microsoft Excel) and isolines. Actual vapour pressure and dew point temperature were computed using Magnus conversion formulae. The results obtained showed that spatial variation was insignificant, in terms of the temperature and humidity variables. The annual mean temperature (Tmean) ranged between 21.9 and 30.4 degrees C while minimum (Tmin) and maximum (Tmax) temperatures varied from 13 to 26 and 21.5-39.6 degrees C, respectively. Relative humidity (RH), actual vapour pressure (Es) and dew point temperature (Td) values also varied from 39.1% to 98.2%, 19.7-20.8 gm(-3), and 17.3-17.8 degrees C, respectively. A significant relationship (p>0.6; r<0.05) between Tmin, Es and Td was observed while the daytime 'urban heat island' intensity (UHI) ranged between 0.5 and 2.5 degrees C within the study period. The study concluded that there is influence of urban canopy on the microclimate of Akure, and hypothesizes that the urban dwellers may be subjected to some levels of weather related physiological disorderliness.     

塔里木油田三甘醇脱水装置参数优化研究

文章通过三甘醇脱水工艺的第三套三甘醇注醇量调整,第三套再生温度的调节、汽提气注入量调整、贫液进塔温度调整运行参数的优化,得出:当三甘醇脱水工艺循环量在3840kg/h左右时,再生效果最好,贫液浓度最高,所获得的干气水露点最低;三甘醇脱水工艺再生温度在190～200℃之间温度越高,再生效果越好;三甘醇脱水工艺再生装置在汽提气量30Nm3/h左右时,再生效果最好,贫液浓度最高,所获得的干气水露点最低。     

Novel Temperature Control Technique for a Medicinal Herb Dryer System Powered by a Photovoltaic Array

Each plant has its own optimal drying temperature, especially for the medicinal herbs, because they are sensitive to heat. If the drying temperature becomes more than the optimal value, some chemical reactions will occur and influence the quality of the dried herb, such as color, taste, and aroma. While if the drying temperature becomes lower than the optimal value, the drying process will slow down, and consequently an expected degradation in the quality of the herb may occur, due to insects and fungi infestation which increase in moist conditions. This paper presents a new temperature control technique for a medicinal herb dryer system. The technique fixes the drying temperature of the medicinal herbs at 40^°C, even in cases of rapidly changing atmospheric conditions. The control of the dryer temperature is achieved through using the proportional integral (PI) controller. The designed dryer contains two systems, which are the thermal and the electrical systems. The thermal system is designed to heat the drying air by using solar energy and bio-gas fuel. Whereas the electrical system, which contains a photovoltaic (PV) modules and a battery, is designed to supply the different electrical loads of the dryer system. The control technique is investigated through simulation work by using MATLAB-SIMULINK. The simulation results indicate the high capability of the proposed technique in controlling the drying temperature, even in cases of rapidly changing atmospheric conditions.     

冷-干直接抽取法CEMS冷凝器的选型

探讨了烟气冷凝器的关键性能指标,提出烟气冷凝器脱水率、SO2组分丢失率和烟气出口露点温度等关键参数的计算公式,提出了适合不同工况条件下烟气冷凝器选型的依据和方法,为解决冷-干直接抽取法CEMS所面临的湿法脱硫后的高湿、低浓度SO2,及如何准确、客观地反映污染排放的现实问题,提供了一个合理的解决方案。     

低成本海水淡化集成技术探讨

海水淡化集成技术以低温多效蒸馏海水淡化为核心,联合热电与盐碱化工,形成"热-电-水-盐"四联产模式,实现淡水资源、海水资源以及能源的综合利用,大幅降低生产成本,并取得环保效益、社会效益。为未来向城市供水提供了一条现实可行的方案。     

混凝土结构使役环境中温度智能模拟LabVIEW软件设计

本项目结合湖北省科技计划自然科学基金项目“混凝土结构使役环境的智能模拟”,在WTST-150试验机硬件平台基础上,以LabVIEW8．5为开发平台,设计了一套混凝土结构使役环境中温度智能模拟LabVIEW软件,主要包括能初始化程序、温度采集与显示子程序、温度PID控制子程序、温度存储和查询子程序。经投入实验验证,该软件能实现实时曲线显示、温度控制、试验状态和保存试验数据、数据查询、手动加热、分配温度通道、PID控制参数整定、制冷、读入温度曲线等功能。具有实时在线循环检测、采集数据、响应快速等优点,并具有良好的故障诊断能力和可维护性以及超强的纠错能力。本软件完善了WTST-150试验机的温度控制系统,使其更加符合实际工况。     

轮胎低温耐久性能试验台架研究

针对轮胎冬季耐久试验中低温开裂现象和耐久试验的环境限制,设计开发一套模拟整车状态下轮胎低温运行状态的试验台架。该台架系统包括低温环境仓,低温控制系统,执行机构和控制机构四部分。根据冬季黑河实际道路试验确定台架试验的试验车速、环境温度、运行载荷、定位角度、运行周期以及运行里程。通过对比试验和验证试验结果显示:当失效率为10%时(即轮胎B10寿命),试验台误差在10%以内,验证了新开发试验台的有效性,为考核同类型轮胎低温性能提供了有效途径。     

生活垃圾焚烧烟气酸露点的计算方法和分析

对影响生活垃圾焚烧烟气酸露点的主要因素进行了分析,推荐了3种实用的酸露点计算方法,并采用实例验证了3种计算方法的可靠性。