4-氨基安替比林分光光度法测定水中挥发酚的不确定度评定

文章建立了4-氨基安替比林分光光度法测定水中挥发酚的合成标准不确定度的数学模式,应用实例对标准不确定度分量做出了详尽分析和计算,得出该法测定水中挥发酚的测量扩展不确定度结果,供有关部门参考。     

苯胺对水中挥发酚测定干扰规律的研究

HJ 503-2009《水质挥发酚的测定4-氨基安替比林分光光度法》中,提到苯胺对本方法有干扰,但未进行具体情况的研究并给出具体的消除方法。实际监测工作中苯胺对实验的干扰情况复杂,需要依据具体的情况进行解决：当水样中苯胺浓度在1 mg/L以下时,苯胺对该方法测定水中挥发酚没有干扰;当苯胺浓度在1～10 mg/L时,可以用盐酸调节水样的pH值以消除苯胺干扰;当苯胺的浓度≥10 mg/L时,苯胺对该方法测定挥发酚产生显著的干扰,不适合采用光度法进行测定,建议萃取后采用气相色谱-质谱或液相色谱法进行测定。     

环境健康风险评估在某市河流型饮用水源中的应用

根据某市连续5年生活饮用水的常规监测数据,应用EPA健康风险评价模型对饮用水中的污染物进行健康风险评价,定量评估饮水途径对某市不同人群健康产生的潜在危害。结果表明:致癌物中的砷和非致癌物中的硝酸盐分别为日均暴露剂量最大的化学物,致癌及非致癌化学物通过饮水途径对不同人群所致暴露剂量大小顺序均为:儿童成年男性成年女性;致癌物健康风险总值排序为:砷四氯化碳三氯甲烷,非致癌物健康风险总值排序为:硝酸盐氨氮氟化物硒锰挥发酚汞。某市河流型饮用水中化学物的人群健康总风险连续5年的风险值都低于最大可接受水平,不会对人体产生较大的健康危害。     

紫外光度法测定水中挥发酚的研究

在国家标准方法中,测定挥发酚用4-氨基安替比林直接光度法和萃取光度法。但该方法测定范围小,上下限分别是2.5mg/L和0.12mg/L,且4-氨基安替比林、铁氰化钾等试剂不稳定,影响测定结果的准确度,方法繁琐。文章提出用紫外光度法测定水中的挥发酚。此方法不仅使测定范围增大到0.409～120mg/L,减少水样稀释比过大引起的误差及干扰,而且简便、快速、准确。通过实验证明,本方法与标准方法有很好的可比性及重现性。     

4-氨基安替比林法测定地表水中挥发酚操作要点研究

4-氨基安替比林分光光度法是地表水中挥发酚测定最经典、使用最多的方法,但其步骤繁琐,对结果准确性的影响因素较多。对测定地表水中挥发酚操作要点进行研究,分析了提纯对空白吸光度、曲线斜率的影响,以及4-氨基安替比林试剂、萃取时间对测定结果产生的影响,为准确测定地表水中挥发酚提供参考。     

氯仿稀释法测定高浓度含酚废水

4-AAP萃取分光光度法测定挥发酚方法中，当挥发酚浓度超出校准曲线范围时，一般将水样稀释后重新分析测定。本文采用氯仿稀释萃取液测定吸光度，通过公式换算求得挥发酚浓度，试验表明，该方法准确可靠，操作简便快捷。     

挥发酚样品显色萃取液再次稀释测定

用4—氨基安替比林萃取光度法测定水中挥发酚时,由于一些未知水样中酚含量较高,在预蒸馏水样稀释不当时,会出现显色后的萃取液颜色过深而无法比色测定的现象,此时酚浓度常常超出方法检测上限,若再重新取样耗时太多,采取将萃取液用氯仿再次稀释后比色测定的方法较好。试验证实,此法在超出检测上限的一定浓度范围内,显色反应仍是完全的,对显色后的萃取液,再次稀释测定是准确可靠的。     

对饮用水中有机污染物的控制

以保护饮用水的水质为出发点，控制饮用水中有机污染物为目的，本文介绍了有机污染物对饮用水水质的影响，着重从治理污染源和加强饮用水的深度处理等方面讨论了对饮用水中有机污染物的控制。     

连续流动分析仪测定氰化物和挥发酚使用混合标准曲线对标准样品测定结果的影响及探讨

氰化物和挥发酚是地表水与地下水监测的重要指标,用连续流动分析仪测定样品时,两个项目放样位置太临近,如分析人员对分析通道不熟练,会存在样品放反的情况,导致无法出峰,影响样品的分析。为了减少分析人员错误率,提高工作效率,通过改变挥发酚保存剂,将氰化物与挥发酚的质控样配制成混标,使用连续流动分析仪测定氰化物和挥发酚时,分别进行单标和混标线性、检出限、精密度和准确度的测定,混标曲线与单标曲线相比,都具有方法线性好,相关系数r≥0.999 5,灵敏度高,检出限低,准确度好,标准物质的测定均在允许的误差范围内,结果说明采用氢氧化钠共同保存氰化物和挥发酚的标准样品方法可行,结果令人满意,可为现场采样工作提供参考。     

地表水中挥发酚测定影响因素分析

论述了地表水中挥发酚测定结果的主要影响因素。利用实验测定了不同净化方式对4-氨基安替比林的净化效果,通过比选确定日常以三氯甲烷萃取和乙醇洗涤两种方式作为4-氨基安替比林净化方法。同时,分析了三氯甲烷、铁氰化钾对测定结果产生的影响,为地表水中挥发酚的准确测定提供一定的参考。     

气相动态顶空法分析水源水中61种挥发性有机物

建立了用于饮用水源水中61种挥发性有机物（VOCs）同时进行分析的气相-动态顶空进样-气相色谱-质谱法（D-HS-GC-MS）,VOCs包括集中式生活饮用水地表水源地特定项目中的31种VOCs。用D-HS-GC-MS法对水样中VOCs进行分析,获得良好的标准曲线线性关系（均大于0.995,溴二氯甲烷除外）,除乙醛、丙烯醛、丙烯腈和环氧氯丙烷的方法检出限分别为15 g/L、13 g/L、11 g/L和11 g/L外,其余VOCs的方法检出限均介于0.10～0.58 g/L,饮用水源水实际样品加标回收率和RSD分别为75.8%～116%和1.16%～21.6%（n=3）。气相-动态顶空进样法相对于常见的吹脱捕集法具有不直接接触样品的优势,避免了仪器被样品污染,用于饮用水源水中几十种VOCs的同时分析,在常规监测中可节省大量的人力物力投入。     

沙河水库水质规划研究

沙河水库是两院居民主要的饮用水水源地,位于海南省.在管理不当的情况下,各种污染源排放的污染物会通过各种方式进入沙河水库中,最终对两院居民饮用水造成安全隐患.为此,制定和实施"沙河水库水体生态环境保护规划研究"是非常必要的.列出了沙河水库水质改善规划原则、规划范围与规划期、规划目标及规划具体实施措施.     

Carcinogenic effect of potential toxic metals in school children through contaminated drinking water around the industrial area of Pakistan

Due to papulation increase in Pakistan the demand of drinking water increased day by day. After the industrial grooming the wastewater producing harmful effect on the surrounding area of industries and drinking water contamination increased. Pakistan is on 82 amongst the 125 countries of the word having drinking water problem. Different parameter set by World Health Organization (WHO) and Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (Pak-EPA) of hazard dimension index (HD) and Lifetime Cancerogenic risk Calculation (LFCR) of Potentially toxic metals that are As, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb (PTMs) are higher, and the school age children are under high risk of cancer. All the drinking constraints set by regulating authority is fully neglected by inopportune human process by solid waste dumping and houses and industrial disposal with any proper treatment. This study discusses all the HD and LFCR parameter in three age group children, male and female through drinking water around the Hattar Industrial Estate (HIE) in Pakistan. In children and women more HD and LFCR thread than the adult man. The overall result shows that the HD risk is higher than the LFCR due to the PTMs in drinking water only HD is exceed from the limit of WHO and Pak-EPA. If there is no proper arrangement take place for the removal of As and PTMs from the industrial wastewater and drinking water than within few years all the population around the study area effected with different type of cancer.     

测定化学需氧量的新型分光光度法

研究了一种测定化学需氧量(COD Mn)的新型分光光度法。试验结果表明,该法简便快速、准确,精密度高,并且通过与国标法测定结果对比后确定该方法可用于自来水、饮用水等多种水体中COD Mn的测定。     

Risk-based evaluation of Escherichia coli monitoring data from undisinfected drinking water

Drinking water regulations in the United States and elsewhere are based on the occurrence of fecal indicator bacteria. Though not meeting all the criteria of an ideal indicator, nonpathogenic strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli) are used worldwide as an indicator of potential fecal contamination for drinking water and for distribution systems. This is, in part, because real illnesses are related to human pathogens, such as E. coli O157:H7, whose presence may be predicted better by E. coli than by total coliform bacteria. Our objective was to estimate the number of E. coli O157:H7 illnesses attributable to drinking water exposures in the United States and the feasible relationships between positive occurrences of the indicator bacteria E. coli and E. coli O157:H7 in drinking water. Results of the modeling indicate that in undisinfected drinking water systems, the ratio of bacterial indicator E. coli positives to E. coli O157:H7 organisms is estimated to be between 6:1 and 90:1 with few model parameters accounting for the vast majority of the uncertainty. These results provide context for considering the potential public health implications of a positive E. coli result from routine monitoring of undisinfected drinking water.     

Enzymatic oxidative transformation of chlorophenol mixtures

Chlorinated phenols are major industrial and agricultural xenobiotics that pollute soil and ground water. It has been shown that laccases catalyze the oxidative coupling of phenolic compounds. Therefore, the transformation of one or a mixture of several chlorinated phenols by a laccase from the fungus Trametes villosa was studied. Generally, if more than one phenol was added, the transformation of chlorinated phenols decreased, and if the concentration of the laccase was increased, the transformation of the phenols was enhanced. There were exceptions to these observations: for instance, the transformation of 0.1 mM 4-chlorophenol incubated with 1 mM 2,4-dichlorophenol in buffered salt solutions was not enhanced if the concentration of the laccase was increased from 2 to 20 DMP units/mL. The reason for the reduced transformation of chlorinated phenols in the presence of additional phenols is still unknown. However, in spite of some limitations, the application of laccase to decontaminate wastewater polluted with chlorinated phenols appears feasible.     

卢氏县集中式饮用水水源保护区划分研究

划分水源地保护区是保障饮用水资源可持续利用的重要措施。在卢氏县集中式饮用水水源保护区的划分工作中,根据《饮用水水源保护区划分技术规范》(HJ/T338-2007),采用现场调研和卫星遥感技术相结合的方法,结合饮用水水源保护区的地形、地标、地物的特点,科学地对卢氏县地下水型、河流型、湖泊型水源地进行保护区划分,并提出卢氏县饮用水水源保护区范围、面积及目标,为卢氏县饮用水源保护规划奠定了理论基础。针对卢氏县饮用水源的特点,提出可行的建议和措施,为下一步饮用水源的保护提供科学依据。     

生物预处理与城市分质供水

利用生物预处理工艺提高城市供水水质,大力发展城市分质供水,实现城市直饮水,是我国新世纪城市化进程及环保产业发展的趋势。本文论述了生物预处理的意义、工艺、效果、影响及其在城市供水中的意义。介绍了分质供水在国内外的发展,探讨了生物预处理与分质供水在城市中的应用及发展前景。