我国渔港发展现状及等级划分

论述了渔港在我国渔业发展中的重要地位及作用,分析了黄渤海海区、东海海区和南海海区三个海区的水域面积、锚地面积、鱼市场面积、年进出港船数、水产品年加工量、水产品年卸港量、本港总船数、外港总船数共9个定量指标和各海区渔业资源状况及管理水平状况等定性指标,探讨了我国渔港发展现状,并对我国渔港等级划分标准提出了一些参考性意见,认为全国渔港的等级以海区为中心进行评估更显科学性、合理性,更符合各海区及各渔港的发展状况,有利于渔港管理部门有针对性地对渔港进行发展战略上的管理。     

国内经济区的发展实践对中原经济区的启示

基于中原经济区的特点,在全国20多个经济区中选择珠三角经济区、海西经济区、成渝经济区和武汉城市圈4个典型的经济区进行深入分析,通过总结、分析和对比它们各自的发展经验,得出对中原经济区建设和发展的重要启示。     

关中—天水经济区产业结构对区域经济增长的影响

关中—天水经济区产业结构与经济增长之间有着密切的关系。随着区域经济的增长,产业结构的不断演进,同时产业结构的调整也促进了经济的增长。运用偏离—份额分析法研究了关中—天水经济区产业结构对经济增长的影响,提出了相应的发展对策和建议。     

沈阳经济区城市旅游竞争力评价研究

推进沈阳经济区旅游一体化发展必须对各城市旅游竞争力进行客观评价,分门别类评析各城市旅游发展存在的互补性。在深入分析区域城市旅游竞争力的基础上,构建沈阳经济区城市旅游竞争力评价指标体系,运用主成分分析法对该区域内城市旅游竞争力进行分类比较和总体评价,并对结果进行系统的聚类分析,得出沈阳经济区城市旅游竞争力的分类级别。从竞合关系出发,提出更加有效的一体化合作机制,以此实现单个城市主体和区域整体旅游竞争力的同步提高。本研究为沈阳经济区旅游一体化建设提供依据和建议,方法和成果可为其他区域城市旅游竞争力相关研究提供借鉴。     

低碳广州：主体角色定位与制度展望

大力发展低碳经济,建设生态城市,是广州作为国家中心城市、珠三角经济区核心城市的新方向、新目标。低碳经济对法制化的内生需求决定了探究相关社会主体在低碳经济中的角色定位对于未来地方低碳经济法制构建的重要意义。以低碳经济中政府、企业、公众三者角色定位为核心论题,结合广州发展实际与第三代环境管理理念,提出低碳广州的理性发展必需有主导的政府、能动的企业、积极的公众参与和监督,三者互相制衡,互相促进。未来广州低碳立法必须以此为基准,全面构建符合社会发展规律的低碳法律体系。     

基于高分遥感的董家口经济区土地利用变化分析

基于2014年和2018年的高分遥感影像数据,提取了青岛市董家口经济区的土地利用类型信息,并运用土地利用转移矩阵对2014—2018年董家口经济区土地利用变化进行定量分析。结果表明:2014—2018年董家口经济区土地利用类型的数量变化以建设用地的增加及耕地和水域湿地的减少为主;在空间分布上,建设用地的增加主要集中在董家口港口区和整个经济区的道路建设上,这与董家口经济区的发展规划相吻合。总体来说,董家口经济区规划理念立足于可持续发展,生态环境保持良好。     

江苏沿海休闲渔业发展条件与对策研究

休闲渔业又称为娱乐渔业,具有广阔的发展前景.江苏省沿海地区渔业资源非常丰富,发展休闲渔业将成为沿海地区新的经济增长极.分析了江苏省沿海地区休闲渔业发展的必要性、发展现状和发展的优势条件,提出了江苏省沿海地区发展休闲渔业的对策.     

成渝经济区区域空间结构分析

区域空间结构的发展状况对区域经济的健康成长起着重要的影响,空间结构的合理与否直接影响到区域系统社会经济整体发展水平的提高与协调发展.作为跨区域的成渝经济区,它具有自身独特的区域空间结构.2007年成渝经济区被国家确定为重点开发区.随着重庆市和成都市被批准为全国统筹城乡综合配套改革试验区的实现,内陆首个保税港区在重庆的设立,成渝经济区有望成为中国第四增长极.利用区域空间结构理论、点轴系统理论等,借助地理信息系统空间分析方法,对成渝经济区区域统筹发展空间结构进行分析,确定了成渝经济区的核心范围和辐射范围,"两极三轴"空间发展战略格局.     

重点矿业经济区水资源承载力评价与测度

在总结国内外水资源承载力相关研究的基础上,构建简单、可操作的评价模型,测算水资源对人口、工业、矿产资源开发和污水容纳量的承载能力。以辽宁鞍山铁矿业经济区为例进行实证研究,计算出鞍山铁矿业经济区2012年水资源对人口、工业、矿产资源开发和污水容纳的承载力,以及2002—2012年该矿业经济区水资源所能承载的最大经济规模和人口规模,并与实际值进行比较。研究结果表明:1辽宁鞍山铁矿业经济区水资源对工业和矿产资源开发的承载力已处于超载状态,对人口和污水容纳量仍在可承载的范围内;2水资源经济承载指数和人口承载指数变化趋势基本一致,但在2002年和2003年水资源人口承载指数略高于经济承载指数,同时也表明转型中的鞍山铁矿业经济区经济增长和人口规模发展趋于协调。     

辽宁省渔业产业结构调整及其优化研究

加快渔业产业结构调整、刺激渔业经济增长,是辽宁省渔业经济发展的现实需要。从2000—2012年的经济数据分析来看,辽宁省渔业产业结构现状是支柱产业稳定、主导产业发展潜力小、潜导产业向主导产业转移。采用Gompertz曲线预测,得出2015年辽宁省渔业经济总产值年均增长速度为9.5%,与农业部发布的《全国渔业发展"十二五"规划》中2015年渔业经济总产值年均增速10.2%的发展目标存在一定的差距,以此为基础提出辽宁省渔业产业结构优化的具体路径选择。     

渔港布局及沿海渔港经济圈的构想

"点-轴系统"空间结构理论是区域开发的基础性理论.在渔港布局中运用该理论,首先确定各个海湾区域的重点渔港与城镇之间的多级发展轴线,在此基础上构建多个沿海渔港经济圈,带动渔港和海岸带的经济发展.     

基于熏烟扩散模式的大气环境影响预测和评价——以湘潭县某新建炼锌厂为例

近年来,工业的快速发展导致我国环境污染不断加剧.大气环境污染是影响面最广,对人群的损害也是最直接和不可避免的污染类型.以湘潭县某新建炼锌厂工程项目为例,根据该项目区的气象环境概况,依据环评导则选取对应的大气扩散模式及恰当的有关参数,预测分析工程运营后污染源薰烟小时地面的贡献浓度,并利用预测结果分析了在熏烟情况下各污染物异常排污时,氨气对2000m处居民有严重影响,粉尘、SO2、烟尘主要表现在对工业区周围100m的影响,可见对工业区的大气环境影响预测与评价的研究具有积极的理论意义和现实意义.     

A General Equilibrium Model of Ecosystem Services in a River Basin

This study builds a general equilibrium model of ecosystem services, with sectors of the economy competing for use of the environment. The model recognizes that production processes in the real world require a combination of natural and human inputs, and understanding the value of these inputs and their competing uses is necessary when considering policies of resource conservation. We demonstrate the model with a numerical example of the Mississippi‐Atchafalaya river basin, in which grain production in the upper basin causes hypoxia that causes damages to the downstream fishing industry. We show that the size of damages is dependent on both environmental and economic shocks. While the potential damages to fishing are large, most of the damage occurs from economic forces rather than a more intensive use of nitrogen fertilizers. We show that these damages are exacerbated by increases in rainfall, which will likely get worse with climate change. We discuss welfare effects from a tax on nitrogen fertilizers and investments in riparian buffers. A 3% nitrogen tax would reduce the size of the hypoxic zone by 11% at a cost of 2% of Iowa's corn output. In comparison, riparian buffers are likely to be less costly and more popular politically.     

Knowledge,Gender, and Resources in Small-Scale Fishing: The Case of Honda Bay,Palawan, Philippines

The coastal zone is a place of intense activity where resources, users, and resource-use practices interact. This case study of small-scale fisheries in Honda Bay, Palawan, Philippines shows that resources, space, and gender are intertwined. The study was conducted between June 1997 and July 1998. The data were gathered using free listing, pile sort, ranking, resource mapping, and key informant interviews. The results showed that women's knowledge about fishery resources and their fishing activities are associated with the intertidal zone whereas men's knowledge is associated with coral reefs. In classifying fishery resources, appearance is the main consideration for women whereas a combination of appearance, habitat, and type of fishing gear is the consideration used by men. Market price is very important because of its dependence on the demand of the export market as well as the local market. Women dominate the buying of fishery products. Many women market their husband's catch, process fish, or gather shells and sea cucumber for sale. Among the fishing households, type of fishing gear provides an indication of socioeconomic standing. This paper concludes that access to resources is shaped by gender and age. The differences in resource knowledge possessed by men and women lead to differential access to fishery resources. In addition, the differences in socioeconomic status also influence resource access. The socialization of children into fishing reinforces the gender division of labor and space in the coastal zone.     

Depleting Fish Resources,Declining Fishing Communities,and the State Revitalization Project in Korea

This paper reviews recent declines in fish resources and fishing communities in Korea, evaluates major factors of declines, and examines a subsequent community-based revitalization project. Factors leading to depleting fish resources include global regulations, technological advances in fishing, national economic development policies, land reclamation projects, and pollution. The negative economic and societal impact of depleting fish resources is addressed using demographic and income levels of the communities. In response, the state initiated revitalization projects and invested in local fishing cooperatives promoting community-based management. The result has been less than effective as it led to mismanagement of investment and created an attitude of dependence on the government for financial assistance.     

Economic amenity values of wildlife: Six case studies in Pennsylvania

The travel clost method (TCM) and contingent valuation method (CVM) were used to evaluate the economic value of six different ecotourism activities involving observation of wildlife in Pennsylvania. The six activities were: catch-and-release trout fishing; catch-and-release trout fishing with fly-fishing equipment; viewing waterfowl; watching elk; observing migration flights of raptors; and seeing live wildlife in an environmental education setting. TCM results provided significant statistical relationships between level of use and travel costs for the two types of trout fishing activities. CVM provided estimates of consumer surplus for the other four sites. The consumers' surplus value (1988 dollars) of all six activities to participants amounted to a total of more than $1.28 million annually—twice the total out-of-pocket expenditures of approximately $640,000 spent to visit the sites. The economic amenity values of the six activities compare favorably with similarly derived values in other studies for hunting, fishing, hiking, and backpacking in dispersed recreation environments and wilderness areas in western states.     

The decline of a regional fishing nation: The case of Ghana and West Africa

Inadequate trade policies, globalization of the fishing industry, dominance of Europe's distant water fleets, declarations of exclusive economic zones (EEZs) by neighbouring West African nations, overfishing and a lack of good governance contributed to the decline of Ghana as a regional fishing nation, a position it had held since the 18^th century. The prohibitive cost of access arrangements limited Ghana's access to distant waters. The country's marine environments have been impacted by overexploitation of stocks and the use of destructive methods. Subsistence fishing has become the sole means of survival for many fishers. The decline of the fishing sector has limited the country's ability to meet domestic demand and threatened the economic and food security of many Ghanaians. The article traces the early history of Ghana's fisheries, their gradual decline during the last four decades, and outlines recommendations for policy changes to address the situation and steer the nation on a course towards sustainable fisheries.     

Bio-economic evaluation of implementing trawl fishing gear with different selectivity

The paper develops a biological-economic evaluation tool to analyse the consequences for trawl fishers of implementing more selective fishing technologies. This is done by merging a dynamic biological population model and an economic cost–benefit evaluation framework to describe the consequences for the fish stocks, fishermen and society. The bio-economic evaluation is applied to the case of the Danish trawl fishery in Kattegat and Skagerrak, which experiences a high level of discards and bycatches of several species. Four different kinds of selectivity scenarios are evaluated in comparison with a baseline. The results from the evaluation are indicators for the consequences on ecological and economic levels. The results show that implementation of different selective fishing gear in the Kattegat and Skagerrak mixed trawl fisheries generally implies a trade off over time between rebuilding the stocks and economic loss. Moreover, the analysis shows that implementation of more selective gear is not always beneficial.     

长薄鳅研究现状及保护对策

本文概述了长薄鳅研究现状及资源现状,分析了长薄鳅资源衰竭的原因,并结合研究现状,提出了加强渔业管理、合理调整禁渔制度、加大保护区建设、开展鱼类人工繁殖放流等保护对策。     

A socioeconomic and natural vulnerability index for oil spills in an Amazonian harbor: A case study using GIS and remote sensing

The coastal zone of the Brazilian state of Maranhão is an area characterized by a large variety of human activities and services, in particular in the Itaqui-Bacanga port complex (IBC). The IBC is an area prone to oil spills resulting from the processes of transportation, storage, and tank cleaning. The present study aimed to map the different physical environments adjacent to this complex and the socioeconomic profile of the local population that would be most vulnerable to this type of disaster. Vulnerability studies are essential as one of the first step in the development of an integrated coastal zone management. The variables analyzed in this study included geomorphological units, and the income, education, and dependence on fishing of the local population. The estimate of the vulnerability index was based on the relationships between these variables, which were used to generate a vulnerability map using GIS and the interpretation of high-resolution remote sensing, showing the areas of highest priority for intervention in the case of oil spills. The analysis of the natural and socioeconomic environments indicated that the areas of highest vulnerability correspond to the mangroves and the Vila Nova and Alto da Esperança neighborhoods, respectively. These neighborhoods have a direct relationship with fishing, and low levels of both income and education. By contrast, the lowest vulnerability was attributed to the coastal plateau and the central Anjo da Guarda neighborhood, which is occupied by residents with relatively high income and education, who do not depend on fishing.