提高我国环境影响评价公众参与有效性的探讨

为了更好地提高环评公众参与的有效性,文章重点从强化公众参与相关立法、提高信息透明度和可接近性、选择正确的公众参与介入时间、提高利益相关方的意识和责任、建立有效的交流体系和开发环保非政府组织的潜在影响力等六个方面进行了探讨,并对如何开展公众参与、提高公众参与有效性提出了强化与公众参与相关的立法等建议。     

增强环境影响评价公众参与有效性的研究

本文结合《环境影响评价公众参与暂行办法》的内容和要求,根据从事环境影响评价的工作经验,提出当前环评中公众参与存在的信息公开及听证主体不尽合理等问题,并加以分析。针对如何更好地做好公众参与工作,提出诸如扩大并完善公众可以参与评价的方式和媒体参与等一系列对策建议。     

提高公众参与环境影响评价有效性的研究

公众参与是促进决策科学化和民主化的重要手段。针对当前我国公众参与环境影响评价存在的诸多问题,本文剖析了问题存在的原因,并从立法、确定利益相关者、完善公众参与方式和内容、提高信息交流透明度、完善公众参与监督体系、完善公众意见筛选与评价方法、提高公众环保知识等方面提出了完善公众参与体系,提高公众参与有效性的建议。     

环境信息公开:公众参与的强心剂

5月5日,一条来自合肥市环保局的公开信息,让合肥市民张锦再也坐不住了。当日,合肥市环保局相关负责人在接受媒体采访时称:近日,合肥市环保局对部分工业企业进行了夜查,     

Evaluating Environmental Public Participation: Methodological Questions

Increasingly, environmental agencies are engaged in public participation activities. Unfortunately, the limited evaluation of public participation programmes also makes improvement of such programmes more difficult. To encourage further thinking about the evaluation of environmental public participation programmes, this article discusses some of the basic issues raised by evaluators of social programmes (e.g. unemployment and housing, etc.) that have served as methodological proving grounds for evaluation. These issues include why evaluate and what and how to evaluate, as well as questions concerning the role of evaluators. To illustrate ways in which evaluators of environmental public participation programmes have grappled with these issues, examples of different methodological approaches are included. Finally, based on this review, recommendations are made to improve evaluations of environmental public participation programmes, such as increasing evaluation aimed at making mid-course corrections, which includes involving participants in evaluation and assessing a variety of participatory goals.     

环评中的公众环境意识及社会心理分析

近年来由大型化工、环保项目引发的环境争议风波,已经成为中国的热门话题。本文结合近年发生的环保公众事件,从环评公众参与的角度对公众的心理因素进行了初步分析,并对如何面对公众质疑、完善公众参与和培育公众环境意识提出了建议。     

Policy And Practice Improving EIA for Intensive Livestock Projects

Agriculture is being increasingly integrated into the UK's land use planning system and recently approved amendments to the EU's Environmental (Impact) Assessment Directive will further this integration and cause more assessments of more projects on a mandatory basis. This paper reviews recent research on the quality of assessments and argues that Environmental Statements of agricultural projects are of a much lower standard than those for other project types and that improvements will need to be made as a result of the changes to the Directive.     

环境影响评价中的公众参与

介绍了环境影响评价中公众参与的发展和现状,论述了公众参与在环境影响评价中的地位作用,分析了我国环境影响评价中公众参与存在的问题,并从宏观法制保障、公众环境素质和技术操作程序三个层面提出了完善公众参与制度和提高公众参与有效性的对策.     

Public Participation Mechanisms in Environmental Disasters

This paper examines the role of public participation mechanisms in certain major environmental disasters. It examines situations in which people’s lifestyles or their lives have been directly threatened, and thus elicited citizen participation. Threatening issues often seem morally, physically, socially, economically, religiously, and otherwise unacceptable to a group. As will be presented in this paper, citizens voluntarily participate in a community activity when they see that their way of life has been threatened. An introductory historical perspective, the legal framework upon which it is based, and background information on the participatory mechanisms, all emphasizing the importance and need for empowering citizens with participatory skills so as to bring changes in the existing educational, legal, and social systems are presented. The major environmental accidents/disasters of Minamata, Japan; Bhopal, India; Seveso, Italy; Chernobyl, Ukraine; and Exxon-Valdez, Alaska are discussed, mainly to indicate the reaction, and the participatory mechanisms used by the affected communities in each of the sudden disasters that occurred. If citizens worldwide had been active participants in the environmental issues, it is quite possible that we would have experienced fewer environmental accidents.     

环境保护与公众参与

法律赋予每个公民参与环境保护的权利,公众参与环境保护的深度和广度的提高对促进环境保护工作起着相当重要的作用.立法、行政、司法等部门应在法律法规的制定、政府环境决策、环境信息披露、环境纠纷诉讼等方面为公众参与环境保护积极创造条件,畅通参与渠道,确保公众的参与权得到真正有效的行使.     

论公众参与的环境伦理观

公众参与(Public Participation)是环境影响评价(EIA)和战略影响评价(SEA)的重要内容,也是环境保护事业发展的基础.影响公众参与的因素有环境法律、环境经济、环境文化和环境伦理四个方面,其中环境伦理在公众参与和环境行为方面发挥巨大的作用.本文从伦理学角度论述了人类环境伦理观的形成,环境伦理对公众参与环境保护的影响以及可持续发展的环境道德原则.     

环境影响评价公众参与暂行办法

第一条 为推进和规范环境影响评价活动中的公众参与，根据《环境影响评价法》、《行政许可法》、《全面推进依法行政实施纲要》和《国务院关于落实科学发展观加强环境保护的决定》等法律和法规性件有关公开环境信息和强化社会监督的规定，制定本办法。 第二条 本办法适用于下列建设项目环境影响评价的公众参与：     

论流域水资源管理的公众参与

我国流域水资源管理现状不能适应社会生产、生活和生态保护对水资源的需要。要积极组织、引导公众参与流域管理以提高流域管理决策的科学性、减少决策的盲目性,提升民众的节水意识以提高水资源的利用效率,更好的保护水资源。     

关于公众参与环境保护的思考

对国内外公众参与环境保护的现状进行了介绍,分析了公众在参与环境保护过程中出现的问题,并针对这些问题提出了改进建议。     

流域管理中公众参与问题的探讨

我国流域管理存在很多不足,缺乏公众参与就是其中一个重要问题。文章阐述了国外公众参与流域管理的实践经验。我国公众参与流域管理普遍存在的问题是:民间力量弱小,公众参与流域管理的权利缺乏法律保障,流域区居民的利益往往被忽略。文章提出:对流域管理中的公众参与应加强宣传教育,拓宽公众参与的渠道和途径;健全流域管理法律制度,明确公众参与的法律权利;建立环境公益诉讼制度;加强国际交流与合作。     

小水电站环境影响评价中的公众参与

本文分析了小水电站建设对环境影响的特殊性，阐述对其环境影响评价中的公众参与的特殊内容，提出了公众参与的三种方式：公众个人问卷调查、基层组织调查、县(市)政府公共管理部门调查。     

Air Quality Management in UK Local Authorities: Public Understanding and Participation

Science and technology are an integral part of informing public policy on air pollution and transport management. Expectations of science and technology by society and their use by air quality policy makers has led to increasing reliance upon this evidence to promote health and well-being. This can be seen, for example, in the setting of the UK national objectives for air pollutants based on exposure and health effects. This paper addresses three questions. It assesses, through the use of focus groups, the public perceptions of air pollution and the atmospheric dispersion model output from the Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling System-Urban. Then it assesses their understanding of this information and its current presentation to the layperson. Finally, it assesses how their perceptions and understanding influence their solutions to local air quality management in the London Borough of Camden. The results show that participants in the study struggled with the concept of air pollution outside their sphere of experience, and they did not understand the scientific basis or modelling used to inform local policy. This is partly a result of the way this information is presented. They did not relate the technological evidence to their opinions of acceptable solutions or they expressed reluctance to suggest specific options. It is proposed that a well-informed public would make comprehensive decisions on air quality based upon a broader range of factors, incorporating the scientific reasoning and technological information as well as emotive and socio-economic factors. A balance between science and technological understanding with the validity of local expertise will improve air quality policy making to the greater satisfaction of all stakeholders.     

论公众参与环境保护的制度化

公众参与是搞好我国环境保护工作的重要途径之一,但我国有关法律对公众参与环境保护既无明确的法律依据,又无制度化的具体保障,使得公众无法有效地参与。本文从确认公民环境权、环境自卫权和提高环境意识以及规定公众参与环境保护的具体形式和途径等方面,阐述了实现公众参与环境保护的制度化。     

新时期完善全链条环评管理制度的建议

环境影响评价（以下简称“环评”）制度作为生态环境源头预防的重要手段,有力支撑生态文明建设、推进生态环境治理能力现代化。当前,我国已建立了包括生态环境分区管控,项目环评、规划环评,以及区域发展战略（政策）评估的环评体系和排污许可管理制度体系,但是全链条环评管理在制度联动、衔接融合和管理闭环等方面仍存在薄弱环节。为进一步健全生态环境源头预防制度体系,须加快构建功能定位明确、责任边界清晰、衔接关系顺畅的全链条环评体系;建立生态环境分区管控与环评管理、排污许可等制度之间“四联动、三融合、两闭环”的基本模式。建议进一步完善全链条管理制度顶层设计,推动重点领域科技攻关,深化政策创新试点,强化能力建设,为推进美丽中国建设提供支撑保障。