大庆助剂厂聚合物工程排水对松花江四方台段水质影响的预测

松花江四方台段是哈尔滨市生活饮用水水源地取水段,属环境敏感区和重点保护水域。聚合物工程的建设对其水质影响如何?是人们十分关心的问题。本文依据拟建工程的排水特点及受纳水体的水文特征,分别采用非持久性污染物完全混合衰减模式、推流递减模式、完全稀释混合模式和紊流扩散模式,对大明泡、库里泡、西排干和松花江四方台江段进行了水质连续性预测,预测项目为COD_(Mn)、BOD_5和石油类,预测结果可供有关部门决策时参考。     

新疆主要湖泊,水库的水质综合特征评价模式及灰色预测分析

为了解新疆湖、库的水质现状，采用水质综合评价模式对新疆主要湖、库水质现状给出了适应《地面水环境质量标准》ＧＢ３８３８－８８为标准的水质综合特征模式。该模式给出的信息量大，表达直观，不仅能给出各水质参数的水域类别，划分水域类别的依据参数，还能给出超Ｖ类水域的水质参数的超标倍数。在现状评价基础上，利用灰色系统理论对污染湖、库的主要污染参数进行了预测分析。     

水质模型发展趋势及其在青海省的应用状况分析

水质模型是水质预测和水环境管理的重要技术手段。文章对水质模型的研究进展分类进行了综述,介绍了几种重要的水质模型及其应用条件,并分析了水质模型在青海省水环境管理过程中应用情况及存在的问题。     

氧化塘水质预测研究进展

本文讨论了氧化塘的净化污水机理和水质变化特点。提出了用于进行氧化塘水质预测的二维水质模型。探讨了氧化塘水质预测研究的发展趋势。     

小珠山水库水质污染状况及趋势分析

小珠山水库作为青岛市黄岛区主要的供水水源地之一,本文根据近几年小珠山水库水质监测资料,采用污染指数法进行水库水质污染状况分析,探讨了小珠山水库水质的季节变化和年际变化规律及其成因,预测未来供水水质状况与水库水质发展趋势,并提出水资源保护对策.     

天堂河河道治理工程水质改善预测分析

河道治理工程重在改善河道的水质,以恢复河流生态系统。本文以北京市大兴区天堂河河道治理工程为例,介绍了河道治理工程环境影响评价中的水质改善预测分析,首先分析生态需水量和供氧量是否满足河流生态需水要求,后又利用地面水环评助手软件预测了河流水质,预测分析了天堂河水质目标的可达性,旨在为以后的河道治理类工程环境影响评价提供参考。     

小管径配水管网水质模型脆弱性研究

小管径配水管网水质模型模拟结果精度高.但由于管网工况的复杂性,水质模型预测结果具有不确定性.通过定义水质模型的本质脆弱性,建立脆弱性分析模型,采用指标评价法研究模型在不同验证工况下的脆弱性,可以有效降低水质模型预测风险、构建水质模型失效“防火墙”,为帮助供水企业更为广泛地应用模型预测水质提供理论依据.     

多元回归和BP人工神经网络模型对混合厌氧消化产气量的预测研究

在中温且控制pH值条件下,对脂肪类单基质和城市污水厂剩余污泥进行混合厌氧消化试验。基于多元回归原理和BP人工神经网络原理,对其建立产气量预测模型。由实验数据计算得出:两个阶段多元回归模型的预测平均准确率分别为75.69%和79.29%;BP神经网络模型的预测平均准确率为79.05%。通过对比两种模型的预测结果可知,两种模型都有较高的预测准确率,但BP模型的预测准确率更高,更适用于混合厌氧消化产气量预测。     

利用二维模型求解太湖水质CODMn的研究

在二维黎曼近似解模型的基础上建立了太湖水质预测模型，并运用该模型对太湖的水质指标CODMn了模拟。模拟的结果跟太湖各监测站的测量值相接近，表明该模型能较好的运用于太湖的水质预测。     

黄河以北地区输水干线底泥对调水水质的影响

通过对南水北调东线一期工程的黄河以北地区输水干线底泥污染现状的调查和污染物浸出性实验,分析了输水干线底泥可能对调水水质产生的潜在风险,并根据水质目标要求进行了风险预测分析,最后提出了相应的保障措施和建议。     

西岭雪山风景名胜区水质评价研究

本文根据西岭雪山风景区的生态、环境特征和水质标准，选择了８个评价指标，对８个采样带和全游览景区的水体质量，运用模糊数学方法进行了综合评价研究     

水危机与中水回用技术方法的探讨

世界与国内水资源短缺的现状表明中水回用十分迫切。本文介绍了国内外中水回用的应用情况,表明该技术对缓解世界与国内的用水压力起着举足轻重的作用。阐述了中水回用的技术方法、水质要求及工艺流程,讨论了中水回用的实际意义,结论表明：中水回用提高了水的利用率,实现了水资源的可持续发展。     

How Hydrologic Connectivity Regulates Water Quality in River Corridors

Downstream flow in rivers is repeatedly delayed by hydrologic exchange with off‐channel storage zones where biogeochemical processing occurs. We present a dimensionless metric that quantifies river connectivity as the balance between downstream flow and the exchange of water with the bed, banks, and floodplains. The degree of connectivity directly influences downstream water quality — too little connectivity limits the amount of river water exchanged and leads to biogeochemically inactive water storage, while too much connectivity limits the contact time with sediments for reactions to proceed. Using a metric of reaction significance based on river connectivity, we provide evidence that intermediate levels of connectivity, rather than the highest or lowest levels, are the most efficient in removing nitrogen from Northeastern United States’ rivers. Intermediate connectivity balances the frequency, residence time, and contact volume with reactive sediments, which can maximize the reactive processing of dissolved contaminants and the protection of downstream water quality. Our simulations suggest denitrification dominantly occurs in riverbed hyporheic zones of streams and small rivers, whereas vertical turbulent mixing in contact with sediments dominates in mid‐size to large rivers. The metrics of connectivity and reaction significance presented here can facilitate scientifically based prioritizations of river management strategies to protect the values and functions of river corridors.     

生物预处理与城市分质供水

利用生物预处理工艺提高城市供水水质,大力发展城市分质供水,实现城市直饮水,是我国新世纪城市化进程及环保产业发展的趋势。本文论述了生物预处理的意义、工艺、效果、影响及其在城市供水中的意义。介绍了分质供水在国内外的发展,探讨了生物预处理与分质供水在城市中的应用及发展前景。     

CHALLENGES IN MODELING HYDROLOGIC AND WATER QUALITY PROCESSES IN RIPARIAN ZONES1

This paper presents key challenges in modeling water quality processes of riparian ecosystems: How can the spatial and temporal extent of water and solute mixing in the riparian zone be modeled? What level of model complexity is justified? How can processes at the riparian scale be quantified? How can the impact of riparian ecosystems be determined at the watershed scale? Flexible models need to be introduced that can simulate varying levels of hillslope‐riparian mixing dictated by topography, upland and riparian depths, and moisture conditions. Model simulations need to account for storm event peak flow conditions when upland solute loadings may either bypass or overwhelm the riparian zone. Model complexity should be dictated by the level of detail in measured data. Model algorithms need to be developed using new macro‐scale and meso‐scale experiments that capture process dynamics at the hillslope or landscape scales. Monte Carlo simulations should be an integral part of model simulations and rigorous tests that go beyond simple time series, and point‐output comparisons need to be introduced. The impact of riparian zones on watershed‐scale water quality can be assessed by performing simulations for representative hillsloperiparian scenarios.     

Deriving Chesapeake Bay Water Quality Standards

Achieving and maintaining the water quality conditions necessary to protect the aquatic living resources of the Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries has required a foundation of quantifiable water quality criteria. Quantitative criteria serve as a critical basis for assessing the attainment of designated uses and measuring progress toward meeting water quality goals of the Chesapeake Bay Program partnership. In 1987, the Chesapeake Bay Program partnership committed to defining the water quality conditions necessary to protect aquatic living resources. Under section 303(c) of the Clean Water Act, States and authorized tribes have the primary responsibility for adopting water quality standards into law or regulation. The Chesapeake Bay Program partnership worked with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to develop and publish a guidance framework of ambient water quality criteria with designated uses and assessment procedures for dissolved oxygen, water clarity, and chlorophyll a for Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries in 2003. This article reviews the derivation of the water quality criteria, criteria assessment protocols, designated use boundaries, and their refinements published in six addendum documents since 2003 and successfully adopted into each jurisdiction's water quality standards used in developing the Chesapeake Bay Total Maximum Daily Load.     

改造碳黑废水处理设施使废水循环使用

介绍碳黑废水处理工艺流程的技术改造及其技术要点。着重阐述了关键设备斜管沉淀池的运行原理、运行结果及其在整个流程改造过程中所起的作用。改造后的工艺流程特点是斜管沉淀效率高，出水水质好，副产品碳黑质优销路好，劳动强度低，废水可循环使用，设备占地少，运行费用低，总体效益好。改造后实现了全厂生产用水闭路循环，取得了可观的经济、环境、社会效益。废水循环利用在技术上是可行的，经济上有收益，实现了废水及固体废物的资源化。     

硅藻土水处理剂对采出水絮凝试验

不同加药量的采出水絮凝试验表明:硅藻土是一种能够用于采出水处理工艺的新型药剂,絮凝沉降后水的浊度可降低到1NTU左右,悬浮物的体积浓度降低到0.0005%以下,颗粒物的分布特征值向有利于通过过滤工艺去除的大尺度方向变化。适当的加药量为50mg/L。     

采出水新型处理设备综述

介绍国外公司新开发的多种新型采出水处理设备的结构、性能和特点。这些新型的水处理设备投入生产后，使采出水水质得到提高并达到水质标准，其中有的设备已在国内油田引进，用于采出水处理，已经取得良好效果。