巯基棉富集——过硫酸铵光度法测定水中痕量锰

采用巯基棉富集水中痕量的锰，使检测下线达μｇ／ｌ级，操作简便，易于推广，各种水样测定结果令人满意。用加入法测得的回收率均在９０％以上。     

刚果红-巯基棉分离富集光度法测定垃圾渗滤液中镉

基于在pH值为4.0～5.2的BR缓冲介质中,镉与刚果红发生显色反应并生成蓝色离子缔合物的原理,建立了测定垃圾渗滤液中镉的巯基棉分离富集光度法。其最大正吸收波长和最大负吸收波长分别为604nm和492nm,线性范围分别为0.10mg／L～2.80mg／L和0.10mg／L～3．40mg／L,采用双波长叠加测定灵敏度更高。探讨了渗滤液的处理方法及共存离子对测定的影响,优化了试验条件,实际样品的测定结果与原子吸收法对比无显著差异,加标回收率为98,6％～104％。     

巯基棉富集分离铜试剂─吐温─80—OP水相光度法测定水中微量铜

研究了在非离子表面活性剂吐温－８０和乳化剂ＯＰ存在下，于ｐＨ８．５缓冲介质中，铜（Ⅱ）与铜试剂显色反应条件。结果表明：配合物的最大吸收波长为４５３ｎｍ，表观摩尔吸光系数为１．５４×１０４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１．ｃｍ－１，铜（Ⅱ）含量在０～７０μｇ／２５ｍｌ范围内符合比耳定律。该法与巯基棉富集分离相结合，应用于天然水及废水中微量铜的测定，结果满意。     

金汞齐富集—冷原子吸收法测定大气中的微量汞

本文介绍了大气中微量汞的一种监测方法,利用汞富集解析器富集大气中的微量汞.解析后用冷原子吸收法测定.研究了FJ-1型汞富集解析器与WYX-405原子吸收分光光度计联用的工作条件,相对标准偏差为1.7％.     

巯基棉富集-毛细柱气相色谱法测定环境水中的甲基汞

用巯基棉富集-毛细柱气相色谱法对水中甲基汞进行测定,具有选择性强,回收率高,灵敏度高等优点。实际样品加标回收率达到85%以上,最低可检出0.6ng/L的浓度。研究结果表明,与填充柱法相比,毛细柱法对目标物的分离效果好,且不会发生柱中毒反应,避免了用氯化汞对色谱柱进行处理的步骤。论证了用甲苯代替苯做为萃取剂的可行性,证明用甲苯代替苯对测试结果没有显著影响,使用甲苯可以避免实验人员暴露于毒性较大的苯中的风险。     

大气中有机汞样品的吸附采集及其解吸方法研究

用1:1的BOSP和DEGS色谱填料作为混合吸附剂,研究了大气中有机汞样品的吸附采集及其解吸方法,选择了最佳实验条件。     

镀金石英砂吸附-AMA 254测汞仪测定大气中痕量汞的研究

采用镀金石英砂来富集大气中的气态总汞,AMA 254测汞仪测定。结果表明,不同采样时间下的单级吸附管的吸附效率均在90%以上,采样40min时的相对标准偏差为5%左右。与巯基棉吸附和吸收液吸收方法的对比显示,该方法具有吸收效果好、多次采样的精密度高、操作简便并且可以再生重复使用等优点。运用该法,对徐家汇等几个地点的大气总汞进行了测定。     

利用巯基棉富集分离，鲁米诺－双氧水－铬（Ⅲ）化学发光体系监测环境水样中痕量价态砷

用鲁米诺双氧水铬（Ⅲ）化学发光体系结合巯基棉对Ａｓ（Ⅲ）的分离,建立了快速简单的测定水样中痕量价态砷的新方法,检测范围宽（１０×１０－１０－１０×１０－５ｇ／ｍｌ）,检出限为６０×１０－１２ｇ／ｍｌ。     

热脱附-GC/MS法测定垃圾填埋场周围空气中氯代烃

采用热脱附-冷阱捕集-GC/MS法测定垃圾填埋场周围空气中24种氯代烃,通过试验优化并确定热脱附质谱的最佳处理条件。方法在5.00 mg/L～100 mg/L范围内线性良好,24种氯代烃的方法检出限为0.060μg/m~3～0.200μg/m~3,测定下限为0.240μg/m~3～0.800μg/m~3。空白加标回收率为91.8%～110%,6次测定结果的RSD均5%。实际样品测定结果为0.112 mg/m~3～0.412 mg/m~3,表明离垃圾填埋场最近的居民区环境中氯代烃为未检出或痕量分布,对生命体危害极低。     

超声解吸-气相色谱法同时测定环境空气中乙腈和丙烯腈

采用大容量活性炭管吸附环境空气,丙酮-二硫化碳混合溶液（体积比为1∶1）超声解吸目标物,用气相色谱法（带FID检测器）同时测定样品中乙腈和丙烯腈。通过优化试验条件,使方法在1.00 mg/L~50.0 mg/L范围内线性良好,乙腈和丙烯腈的方法检出限均为0.003 mg/m3。低、中、高3个质量浓度水平的模拟环境样品6次测定结果的RSD为3.4%~7.0%,加标回收率为86.8%~102%。用该方法在北京某石化公司厂界布设采样点测定,结果为未检出。     

固体吸附/热脱附-气相色谱法测定环境空气中苯系物的不确定度评定

建立固体吸附/热脱附-气相色谱法测定环境空气中苯系物的不确定度评定方法,分析测定过程中不确定度的来源,进行各不确定度分量的评估,并给出合成相对标准不确定度和扩展不确定度。     

Hg-CEMS系统中元素汞发生器的溯源和质控方法研究

参考借鉴美国IEMGTP元素汞溯源协议中规定的4个溯源传递层级以及4种常用的成熟溯源质控方法,研究了在中国现有技术条件下,各种质控方法针对Hg-CEMS中元素汞发生器User generator进行质控的适用性。通过对不同质控方法的测试,显示通过可吸附元素汞的活性炭吸附管采样分析（美国EPA 30B方法）和通过汞渗透源两种对元素汞发生器进行质控的方法在中国目前是可行且科学、可靠的。同时对建立和完善中国的元素汞溯源协议和元素汞发生器质控方法提出了建议。     

两次金汞齐—冷原子吸收光谱法测定大气中的痕量气态总汞

本文作者在已有仪器的基础上进行简单改装,建立了两次金汞齐—冷原子吸收光谱法测定大气中的微量气态总汞的方法。研究表明,这种方法最低检出限为０．０５ｎｇ;１００μｌ饱和汞蒸气连续测定结果表明其相对标准偏差＜１．４１％。在０～２．０ｎｇ汞量范围内标准工作曲线线性关系良好。运用该法,对贵州省万山汞矿、丹寨汞矿、清镇汞污染农田、省农科院和中国科学院地球化学研究所等地大气气态总汞进行了测定。这种分析方法还可以运用到其它环境样品微量汞的测定。     

贵州东部某燃煤电厂汞排放对周边环境空气及土壤的影响

结合当地气象条件,测定贵州省东部某燃煤电厂下风向环境空气汞浓度分布情况,同时测定该燃煤电厂周边表层土壤中汞含量,并对其污染程度进行评价,探讨了土壤汞与理化性质间的相关性。结果表明,该燃煤电厂下风向环境空气汞浓度远高于北半球大气气态总汞背景值,空气汞浓度在2.7 km范围内随距离的增大而增大,在2.7~5.0 km范围内汞浓度随距离的增大而减小。电厂周边表层土壤汞含量是贵州省A层土壤Hg背景值的8.5倍,存在中度到重度程度的污染,土壤Hg与土壤pH呈正相关性,但与土壤有机质未表现出相关性。     

Evaluation of Three Air Dispersion Models: ISCST2, ISCLT2, and Screen2 for Mercury Emissions in an Urban Area

The goal of this paper is to compare and evaluate the performance of three air quality regulatory models for mercury releases. The models include Industrial Source Complex Short Term model (ISCST2), Industrial Source Complex Long Term model (ISCLT2), and SCREEN2. The evaluation is conducted in multiple point source urban environment using meteorological data, emission inventory and monitoring data for eight stations for the year 1990 to 1992. The performance of the models is evaluated using eight statistical parameters. The comparison of models results for both quarterly and annual averaging periods shows that ISCST2 predictions qualitatively match the observed concentrations; whereas SCREEN2 predicts highest concentrations and ISCLT2 the lowest concentrations. The summary of statistical analysis obtained by using three different methods of observed concentration (Co) and predicted concentrations (Cp) comparison show that the ISCST2 has a better overall performance than ISCLT2 and SCREEN2 models. However, none of the models met the criteria for a reasonable model. Summaries of 95% confidence limits on normalize mean square error (NMSE), geometric mean variance (VG) and geometric mean bias (MG) for each and among model indicate that of the three models, ISCST2 has the best overall performance indicators. Improved model performance may be achieved by incorporating different types of mercury forms into emission rate and air dispersion calculations.     

Mercury Concentrations in Fish from Lake Meredith, Texas: Implications for the Issuance of Fish Consumption Advisories

We examined how length of fish is related to mercury concentrations in muscle tissue of seven species of fish from Lake Meredith, Texas and determined how sex and growth rate are related to mercury concentration in walleye (Sander vitreus). Flathead catfish (Pylodictis olivaris), walleye and white bass (Morone chrysops) had the highest concentrations of mercury and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), river carpsucker (Carpiodes carpio) and gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) had the lowest concentrations of mercury. Mercury concentrations were positively correlated with total length (TL) of fish for all species except gizzard shad, which exhibited a negative correlation between mercury concentration and TL. Male walleye grew more slowly than females, and males had higher concentrations of mercury than females. We also assessed the differences in fish consumption advisories that would be issued using Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS) guidelines versus United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) recommendations. Using DSHS guidelines, no fish species in Lake Meredith would be issued a fish consumption advisory. Nevertheless, DSHS has issued an advisory for walleye in Lake Meredith, possibly due to an inadequate sample size of fish. Using USEPA guidelines, a fish consumption advisory would be issued for the largest size class of flathead catfish but no advisory exists for flathead catfish in Lake Meredith. We suggest that when fish in a lake may be contaminated with mercury, all game fish in the lake should be assessed, and mercury advisories should take fish size into account.     

冷原子荧光法测定生活垃圾堆肥产品中汞

通过试验研究,建立了用王水消解、冷原子荧光法测定生活垃圾堆肥产品中汞的方法.本方法的检出限为0.006 mg/kg (按称取0.5 g试样消解定容至50 ml计算),用于国内不同地域的堆肥样品测定,其相对标准偏差(RSD)在2.55%～10.7%之间,加标回收率介于91.0%～108.0%,可作为一种较理想的检验堆肥产品质量的方法.