广州市建设用地土壤污染风险管控和修复现状、问题与对策

通过调研广州市已经开展风险管控和修复的污染地块,分析其基本特征、调查评估和治理修复等情况,总结出该市建设用地土壤污染风险管控和修复工作中存在的土壤环境背景值研究缺乏、重金属污染地块修复面临困难、地下水风险管控起步晚、修复过程技术标准缺失等问题,并有针对性地提出开展土壤环境背景值研究、探索重金属污染地块适用修复模式、重视地下水风险管控、完善技术标准支撑体系等对策建议。     

新疆城市废水处理方案的探讨

新疆城市废水（５８．１％＋１５．７％）排入地表水体和地下水体，致使部分地区地表水和地下水资源遭到不同程度的污染．进行了城市废水处理方法的对比分析，结合新疆地域特点，提出中小城市废水适宜用氧化塘处理方法．经氧化塘处理后的废水达到国家《农田灌溉水质标准》，灌溉当地农田和草场．既净化了城市污水，又减少了环境污染，把城市废水变成再生水资源循环使用，这对保护水源和发展农田灌溉起着积极的作用．     

浅谈淄博市地下水资源现状与防护

文中对淄博市地下水资源现状及地下水分层作以简要介绍，并就防护地下水污染提出了一些措施。     

新疆昌吉市地下水动态分析研究

昌吉市属干旱区,生态环境脆弱,区域大规模的地下水利用已使平原区地下水埋深大幅下降。昌吉市北、中部荒漠区,地下水天然补给微弱、基本无地表水灌溉入渗补给,生态环境较为脆弱,地下水开采相对较大,对环境负面影响及危害程度相对较大。加强地下水监测与保护管理措施,为合理开发利用地下水资源,遏制地下水环境进一步恶化,防止新的地下水环境问题出现,对切实保护好地下水资源、从而了解地下水时空分布和动态变化规律,适时制定相应对策,对地下水资源的可持续利用具有实际意义。     

杭州市主城区浅层地下水水质现状

调查了杭州市主城区浅层地下水水质现状。结果表明,杭州市主城区浅层地下水污染较重,"三氮"超标现象普遍,而主要污染项目为NH3-N、NO2--N、IMn和总大肠菌群及细菌总数。指出,农业面源污染和生活污水,是造成杭州市主城区浅层地下水氮污染的主要原因。提出分析了地下水水质污染的成因。指出应加强地下水保护以及地下水资源的质量管理。进行科学、合理地开发利用,实现地下水水资源的可持续利用,支持杭州市国民经济的可持续发展。     

低压锅炉水处理与地下水污染

低压锅炉水处理与地下水污染刘国镛，王雅珍（北京联合大学自动化工程学院，北京１０００７５）１．锅炉水处理废液对地下水污染所谓低压锅炉是指锅炉的工作压力在２．５ＭＰａ及以下的锅炉，多数为０．８ＭＰａ和１．３ＭＰａ。这类锅炉大量用于工业生产中加热、蒸煮、干...     

塔里木河干流流域地下水氟的分布特征及形成高氟地下水的环境因素

调查研究了塔里木河干流流域地下水中氟的含量水平及分布特征．揭示了地下水中氟与水化学性质之间的相互关系。探讨其形成高氟地下水的环境因素，并提出改水防病措施．     

石河子市地下水环境背景值

采集并测定了石河子市１９个地下水背景水样，分别确定了该市潜水和承压—自流水中Ｋ＋、Ｎａ＋、Ｃａ２＋、Ｍｇ２＋、Ｃｌ－、ＳＯ、ＨＣＯ、ＮＯ、Ｆ－、总硬度、矿化度、可溶性ＳｉＯ２、ＣＯＤ、ｐＨ、Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ、Ｍｎ、Ｖ、Ｌｉ、Ｍｏ、Ｓｅ、Ｈｇ、Ｉ、Ａｓ、Ｃｒ＋５、Ｃ６Ｈ５ＯＨ、ＣＮ－、ＡＢＳ的环境背景值．     

城市生态环境安全评价研究

城市作为一种典型的复合生态系统。其生态环境具有相当的脆弱性,因此如何改善生态质量和维护生态安全已成为城市发展要解决的主要问题之一。本文从生态环境状况和生态安全2个方面对张家港市生态环境安全进行评价和研究,计算了生物丰度指数、植被覆盖指数、水网密度指数、土地退化指数、污染负荷指数等5个指标,计权确定该市生态环境质量指数为48．7,评价等级为一般;同时选择了资源安全评价、环境安全评价、生物安全评价和灾害安全评价等4个要素,确定该市生态系统安全指数为0．44。     

东营市化工聚集区地下水TOC污染空间分布特性

为掌握东营市化工聚集区地下水受有机污染的总体程度,对该市三县两区96个调查点位的地下水TOC进行了监测。结果表明:化工聚集区地下水TOC质量浓度分布范围为1.5~19.6 mg/L,87.5%的数据集中在2~10 mg/L区段,其中2~4 mg/L的区段数据最密集,数据分布呈对数正态分布。受区域内外部因素共同影响,地下水超标率和异常值比率分别达到62.5%和18.8%,且由南向北呈明显上升趋势;存在浓度均值超标和异常突变数据的化工聚集区数量分别占调查总量的75%和62.5%。地下水TOC受环境地质分布影响显著,黄泛平原区比山前平原区污染范围和程度更高;河口区和广饶井罐区分别是东营市和广饶县地下水污染最严重的地区,广饶县西北部是东营市地下水TOC水质最好的地区。     

焦作韩王矿塌陷区土壤质量变化规律

矿区煤炭开采引起的地表塌陷是土壤质量变化的一个主要原因。本文通过对焦作韩王矿塌陷区的土壤理化、生物特性进行研究,结果表明：（1）随着土壤深度的加深,含水量、有机质含量减小,容重、pH增大;自塌陷坡上坡而下到塌陷盆地中心,含水量依次增大,下坡位置容重和有机质含量最高。（2）塌陷区普遍受到重金属Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd的严重污染。（3）自塌陷坡上坡而下到塌陷盆地中心,不同微生物表现出不同的规律;土壤垂向变化方面,微生物表现出来的规律一致。     

Patterns of subsidence in the lower Yangtze Delta of China: the case of the Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou Region

Investigation indicates that the subsidence pattern in the lower Yangtze Delta area is related to groundwater extraction. Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou region ("Su-Xi-Chang") belongs to the hinterland of the lower Yangtze Delta that has a total area of 12,000 km2. From 1979 to 2000, long-term pumping of groundwater at Su-Xi-Chang has caused a rapid decline in groundwater table, resulting in large-scale land subsidence. In this paper, establishment of a GPS-based monitoring system for land subsidence using 30 years of data, is presented. The data were obtained through monitoring of 184 wells. Also analyzed herein is the relationship between the observed lowering of the groundwater table and subsidence. Monitoring data indicate that the depression cone of groundwater table and the occurrence of subsidence are basically identical in time and space. The generation of both features is attributed to excessive extraction of ground water in the region. Finally, countermeasures against subsidence are proposed.     

Subsidence prediction versus observation in Australia: A short comment

Over-prediction of subsidence levels of mined land may be an issue for getting mining approval and tighter conditions in some places can be imposed to better inform mining operations and planning. Under-prediction of subsidence, present safety, social and environmental consequences during or after longwall extractions have occurred. In this study we collected subsidence data from reports related to underground coal mining environmental impact statements (EIS) and end of panel reports, and compared predicted subsidence data with the observed data to compare the accuracy of prediction. From the limited data, while it was difficult to substantiate a strong relationship between the predicted and observed subsidence data and mining characteristics, we found that where mining is less than 220 m below the surface subsidence prediction generally matches well with the observed subsidence and the ratio is closer to 1 than those mined at greater depths. Subsidence prediction analysed for mines in the Gunnedah Basin are found to be generally better than those in the Sydney Basin.The results presented here are based on limited data available in the public domain and while more data is needed to prove or disprove the discussed hypotheses, we consider there to be value in extending EIS requirements. Importantly, publication of both prediction and observed subsidence measurements would provide suitable transparency for improved, future predictions, and to provide social and stakeholder assurances that would meet growing legislative requirements.     

Four trace elements contents of water environment of mining subsidence in the Huainan diggings, China

Mining subsidence pool is the special waters formed by coal mining, located near the mine. We understand the impact on these waters of the surrounding coal production activities and the electricity plant through research the content and characteristics of harmful trace elements in coal contained in these waters. Pb, Hg, Se and Cr these four trace elements increase 0.52, 0.78, 0.70 and 0.28% respectively in Datong mining subsidence pool from November 2004 to November 2006; the four elements increase 1.52, 1.23, 1.08 and 1.08% respectively in Xie'er mining subsidence pool; the four elements increase 1.01, 1.06, 1.02 and 0.83% respectively in Pansan mining subsidence pool. The absolute value of Pb, Hg, Se and Cr in mining subsidence pool is related with their background value, while the increase in their concentration and their environment of mine and electricity plant surrounded are closely linked.     

昌吉硫磺沟矿区地表沉陷区的土地整治与生态恢复

针对昌吉市硫磺沟矿区煤矿开采引起的地表沉陷及其对矿区地表及环境破坏的影响,以减轻地表沉陷危害程度、恢复矿区所在地的生态功能为目标,按照采矿区塌陷类型、塌陷坑大小及塌陷区地理环境,采用不同的土地整治与生态恢复措施,在防治和控制矿区地表沉陷引起的生态破坏及生态环境保护方面取得很好的成果与经验.     

淮南潘北矿塌陷湿地土壤退化评价

采煤带来的地面塌陷是极为重要的新生环境地质问题。以淮南潘北矿塌陷湿地为研究区域,其总氮(TN)含量平均水平为1.04g/kg,总磷(TP)含量平均水平为425mg/kg,在空间分布上均有从非季节性积水区向季节性积水区递减的趋势。土壤理化性质指标间总氮与有机质(SOM)含量呈极显著正向相关,与pH呈负向相关,与有效磷(AP)呈正向相关;总磷与有效磷表现为极显著相关;AP与有效钾(AK)、SOM都有很好的相关关系。通过应用相关分析和模糊数学的原理,以TN、TP、AP、AK和SOM等5个土壤肥力指标为基础,对该区域季节性积水区和非积水区土壤肥力进行数值化综合评价。季节性积水区IFI为0.463,非积水区IFI为 0.601,表明塌陷湿地形成后会加剧水域周边土壤的退化。     

An integrated modelling framework to assess long-term impacts of water management strategies steering soil subsidence in peatlands

Around the world many peatlands are managed unsustainably. Drainage of the peat causes soil subsidence and a range of negative societal impacts. Integrated strategies are required to ensure more sustainable long-term settings, based on impact assessment models that simulate the interrelated dynamics of water management and soil subsidence, and determine the spatial and temporal range of societal impacts. This paper presents an integrated modelling framework that meets these requirements. We used the framework to assess the impacts of a range of water management strategies in Dutch peatlands. Average soil subsidence rates were shown to range from 0.6 to 4.5 mm·y^− 1, resulting in marked differences in societal impacts that affect stakeholders unequally. Moreover, the impacts on real estate damage and water system maintenance revealed inverse trends that result in increasingly unbalanced cost-benefit ratios. The generated insights led the regional water authority to change their current water management strategy, preventing unsustainable future developments. We find the results relevant for improving stakeholders' awareness of long-term impacts of management strategies, and making negotiation processes on goals, means, and possible future pathways more transparent.     

安徽淮北矿区地表水氮的富营养化特征及来源解析

为探索淮北临涣矿区地表水体中氮的分布和来源,采集研究区河流和沉陷积水区样品,测试分析其水化学指标和氮、氧同位素特征值,并采用IsoSource模型计算不同端源氮的污染贡献率。结果表明:研究区地表水处于中度富营养化状态,矿区地表水中氮的输入源受含氮肥料、土壤有机氮和粪肥污水共同影响,所发生的硝化及反硝化作用微弱;矿区河水中氮的主要输入源为粪肥污水,贡献率达66.6%,沉陷积水区氮主要受含氮肥料输入的影响,贡献率达52.0%。     

Landslide susceptibility mapping in an area of underground mining using the multicriteria decision analysis method

Landslides are geomorphological phenomena that affect anthropogenic and natural features on the Earth’s surface. Many previous studies have identified several factors that have contributed to landslides. Among these factors are physical characteristics, such as slope, aspect, and land cover, of Earth’s surface. Moreover, landslides can be triggered by human activities such as underground mining. This study aims to identify landslide susceptibility areas by analyzing landslide-related factors, including land subsidence triggered by underground mining. The area of interest was Kozlu, Turkey, where underground mining has been in progress for the past 100 years. Thus, to identify landslide risk zones, the multicriteria decision analysis method, together with the analytical hierarchy method, was used. The datasets included were topography, land cover, geological settings, and mining-induced land subsidence. The spatial extent of land subsidence was estimated using a previously published model. A landslide susceptibility map (LSM) was developed using a purposely developed GIS-based software. The results were compared with a terrain deformation map, which was developed in a separate study using the differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry (DInSAR) technique. The results showed a substantial correlation between the LSM and DInSAR map. Furthermore, it was found that ~?88% of the very high and high landslide risk areas coincided with location of the past landslide events. These facts suggest that the algorithm and data sources used were sufficient to produce a sufficiently accurate LSM, which may be used for various purposes such as urban planning.     

淮北中湖采煤沉陷区治理前后景观格局变化研究

基于淮北中湖采煤沉陷区2005年、2014年和2018年的遥感影像进行地表景观解译,研究治理前后该区景观格局变化特征及生态效应.结果表明:治理前,该区耕地破碎化加剧、景观优势最大并持续减弱,沉陷积水区水体呈聚集化趋势;治理后,景观基质由耕地变为水体,林地、草地面积显著增加且景观优势上升,人工湖泊水体聚集程度高.区域景观...