20世纪90年代以来沈阳市人口、经济、空间与环境的协调度分析

在中国城市化迅速发展的背景下．城市人口、经济、空间与城市环境的矛盾日益复杂和激化,从可持续发展的角度出发．迫切需要研究城市人口、经济、空间与城市环境之闻的协调关系。运用主成分分析和回归分析等方法。在市区尺度上构建城市人口、经济、空阃与城市环境的协调评价体系,并以老工业城市沈阳为例,进行实证分析。分析结果表明：沈阳城市人口经济空间的综合发展于1993—1999年处于困境．2000年以后城市综合发展逐步好转;沈阳城市环境在1998年以后稳定上升;沈阳城市综合发展与城市环境的静态协调度具有明显的阶段性和波动性特征,动态协调度具有平滑和滞后性的特点;静态协调度于1993—1994年属于基本不协调阶段．1995—2005年基本处于协调状态。于1999年出现了低谷。并存在着下降的趋势;动态协调度于1993—1996年属于基本不协调阶段。1997年以后总体上属于基本协调阶段。     

协调好经济发展与人口、资源、环境的关系,是国土开发整治工作的一项根本任务

本文从国土开发、整治角度,阐述了我国人口、资源与环境的现状,以及人口控制、资源与环境保护、整治、规划等方面所取得的成就,并就今后经济与人口、资源、环境协调发展问题提出一系列指导意见。     

试论人口—资源—环境与经济的协调发展

人口、资源、环境与经济之间是相互制约又相互依存的动态关系,四者的协调发展包括“有限协调发展”和“完全协调发展”两个层次,其实质是弱化、消除其间的消极关系和消极影响,同时充分利用和促进其间的积极关系,实现四者之间的良性循环。我国作为一个发展中的人口大国,“协调发展战略”应以不影响长远的持续发展为前提,把经济发展置于中心位置,强调在发展经济的过程中要同时解决人口、资源与环境问题。     

人口、资源与环境经济学教材比较研究

人口、资源与环境经济学是理论经济学下设立的一个二级学科。自1997年设立以来,很多学者对其学科体系进行了探索。出版了一些著作和教材。本文以现代课程与教学论的观点为指导．采用文献研究、比较分析、统计分析的方法．从教材现状、体系结构、内容、表现形式和手段等方面对国内外人口、资源与环境经济学教材进行了详细的比较研究,并在此基础上为新教材建设提出了建议。以期为国内相关教材的改进和完善提供参考依据。这些建议是：统一并完善教材体系;理论要联系实际．培养学生学习兴趣和解决实际问题能力;注重学科领域最新成果的运用。增强教材的时代性和科学性;注重表现形式和手段多样性,帮助读者理解抽象的经济理论。     

我国社会发展科技事业的中心议题——人口、资源与环境的协调发展

人口、资源、环境是经济和社会发展的基础,人口、资源与环境协调发展是经济和社会持续、稳定、协调发展的关键。我国是一个发展中的社会主义大国,协调人口、资源与环境关系需要动员全社会力量,宣传和研究工作要跟上,认识和方法要提高。     

Coordination Degree of Urban Population, Economy, Space, and Environment in Shenyang Since 1990

In the background of China's rapid urbanization, the conflicts between urban population, economy, space, and environment are intensified and complicated. This article aims to establish a coordinate assessment method for studying urban population, economy, space, and environment interactions in city scale by principal component analysis and regression analysis. On the basis of the case study on Shenyang city, the results indicated that the integrated development of urban population, economic, and space was in a poor situation from 1993 to 1999, whereas it turned better after 2000, and the urban environment improved steadily after 1998. The static coordination degree of urban integrated development and environment showed obvious periodical and fluctuant characteristics. Compared with the static coordination degree, the dynamic coordination degree appeared to be smooth and lag. The static coordination degree was elementary discoordinative in 1993, 1994, and 1999; whereas it turned to be elementary coordinative between 1995 and 2005. The dynamic coordination degree was elementary discoordinative from 1993 to 1996, whereas it became elementary coordinative overall after 1997.     

Sand-dust Storm, Population and Environment in Northwest China

Sand-dust storms are the result of the integrated influences of climate, geography, society and human factors. A theoretical framework is built to explain the coherence of population growth, agriculture change and environmental degradation. On the basis of the analysis of the causes of the sand-dust storm in terms of human factors, a discussion will be given to show that these factors are internally consistent with the theoretical framework. After that, it will look at China's Agenda 21 and try to find relevant measures to reduce such large sand-dust storms happening in Northwest China and eventually make this area develop sustainably.     

Sand-dust Storm,Population and Environment in Northwest China

Abstract

Sand-dust storms are the result of the integrated influences of climate, geography, society and human factors. A theoretical framework is built to explain the coherence of population growth, agriculture change and environmental degradation. On the basis of the analysis of the causes of the sand-dust storm in terms of human factors, a discussion will be given to show that these factors are internally consistent with the theoretical framework. After that, it will look at China's Agenda 21 and try to find relevant measures to reduce such large sand-dust storms happening in Northwest China and eventually make this area develop sustainably.     

发达地区人口、土地与经济城镇化协调发展度研究

江苏省作为中国东部沿海经济发达地区省份的典型代表,正处于城镇化加速发展的关键时期。新时期的城镇化是一个融合人口、土地与经济的复杂系统,不能从单方面衡量城镇化发展水平。在归纳总结城镇化内涵的基础上,选择人口城镇化、土地城镇化和经济城镇化为切入点,从三个方面衡量江苏省的城镇化水平的变化过程,研究不同时空城市在人口、土地和产业三方面协调发展的状态。结果显示,1998-2009年12年间江苏省人口城镇化、土地城镇化和经济城镇化的发展都呈现上升趋势,但在不同阶段处于主导地位的城镇化驱动力量不同,协调发展度也处于上升状态,从衰退发展阶段(1998-2003)逐渐发展到过渡阶段(2004-2005),最后到达协调发展阶段(2006-2009);在空间分布上,以2009年为例,综合评价结果显示,江苏省的城镇化水平和协调发展度总体水平较高,但是也存在区域分异明显的特点。     

On Population Mobility in Market Economy

A general survey of the changing process of economic development of human society indicates three historical development stages: agricultural-oriented natural economy, industrial-oriented market economy and knowledge- oriented market economy. In the first natural economic era, the most important factor of production is the land and the land resource is the first resource in the economic era of agriculture. In the market economy era of industry, capital, especially material and monetary capital…     

On Population Mobility in Market Economy

Abstract

Regular and extensive social population mobility in natural economy is neither necessary nor possible while in a planned economic system, social population distribution is necessary but social population mobility is unlikely. Modern market economy as a highly mobile economy has a free-mobile population characteristic of market economy, which is fundamental to optimize human resource distribution. The rule for the modern market-based population movement is as follows: If the mobile population is the rational behavior choosers, under the permissive developmental environment as arranged by the social system, they tend to move from low profit-making fields to high income fields when there exists comparable difference of income in different regions and different industries, and various potential and practical profit-making chances. The degree of difference in comparable income is positively co-relative to the velocity and flux of mobile population.     

资源-环境-经济系统协调发展策略研究 --以山东省为例

缓解资源与环境问题对经济社会发展的瓶颈制约是关系全局的战略课题。本文从现代化建设的实际出发。分析了山东省经济、资源、环境协调发展的主要问题。提出了21世纪山东省经济、资源、环境协调发展的目标任务和政策措施。     

人口增长、收入水平与城市环境

伴随着我国城镇化进程的不断加快,城市环境污染问题备受关注。本文以城镇居民生活垃圾污染行为为起点,通过比较居民与政府目标函数,首先从理论上做出判断,城镇人口数量增加以及居民生活质量提高均会导致城市生活垃圾数量增长,从而对城市环境产生影响。随后,进一步采取Panel data的分析方法,以我国2004-2008年省级面板数据为样本,从城市生活垃圾污染的角度对我国城镇人口增长、居民收入水平与城市环境间的关系进行计量检验。结果显示:我国城市生活垃圾产生数量分别与城镇人口增长、居民收入水平间存在着长期正向协整关系,即在我国城镇化水平和居民生活质量不断提升的背景下,城市生活垃圾数量的增长以及对城市环境的污染存在着内在必然性;另外,我国城市生活垃圾数量的自发增长对平均增长的偏离逐年下降,可见,存在政策、制度、行为等外生因素抑制我国城市生活垃圾数量的增长。最后,文章从生活垃圾控制和处理的角度,就改善我国城市环境和促进城市环境可持续发展提出了简要的政策建议。