污水的人工湿地系统处理技术

本文通过了人工湿地系统处理技术及其发展、应用的综述介绍，并以深圳白泥坑人工湿地处理系统工程与二级生化污水处理厂相比较。结果表明，用人工湿地系统处理污水具有投资少，耗能低，运行简便等优点，提出研究、推广应用湿地系统技术处理污水的建议，可供环境保护科研及管理人员参考。     

人工湿地在青藏高原污水深度处理中的应用

人工湿地是一种非常重要的污水处理系统。文章通过采用人工湿地系统对海东市乐都区污水处理厂尾水进行深度处理,并对其处理效果进行监测,旨在探索人工湿地在青藏高原的利用前景和存在的问题。研究期为2013年7月~2014年5月,研究结果表明:(1)人工湿地对COD、BOD5和溶解氧有显著的处理效果,通过人工湿地系统处理后,COD去除率、BOD5去除率和溶解氧增加率分别为44.19%、68.20%和68.49%,三项指标均可达地表水Ⅳ类水质标准;(2)人工湿地对氨氮、总氮和总磷有显著的处理效果,去除率分别为43.78%、25.52%和33.89%,冬季三项指标的去除率显著下降,通过人工湿地系统处理后,三项指标基本可达污水排放一级A排放标准。本研究表明,人工湿地是在青藏高原污水深度处理中处理效果明显的可行技术方法,具有显著的环境效益和社会效益。     

人工湿地处理葡北站生活污水的探索与应用

结合中国石油吐哈油田公司葡北站的实际情况及对该站生活污水水质进行分析,并对几种常用的污水生化处理工艺进行比较,确定选用三级潜流型人工湿地处理该站生活污水。文章介绍了三级潜流型人工湿地污水处理系统的工艺特点、运行、维护及效果。经分析论证,利用人工湿地处理分散站的小排量生活污水,十分经济且有效,以较低的成本,实现了生活污水的优质处理,产生较好的经济效益和社会效益。     

人工湿地处理赣南新农村生活污水探讨

陈述了赣南新农村生活污水的特点、污水处理模式的选择及人工湿地处理技术的研究及应用现状。认为人工湿地用作村镇生活污水的处理系统具有处理效果好、工艺简单、运行管理方便、生态环境效益显著、投资少等特点,很适合赣南新农村的发展要求、环保条件和经济状况。     

人工湿地技术处理油田含油污水的应用

与传统污水处理工艺相比,人工湿地技术具有高效低耗、运行维护简便、对复杂含油污水净化效果良好等特点。文章综述了人工湿地技术处理油田含油污水的净化机理、净化效果、工艺流程及其工艺优势,为含油污水处理技术的研究提供借鉴和参考,对深入认识人工湿地净化机制亦具有一定意义。     

强化预处理人工湿地的研究

本文采用自主设计的强化预处理人工湿地装置进行处理低浓度农村生活污水的研究,针对人工湿地堵塞问题,考察了运用强化预处理装置(海绵装置和滤布装置)对污水进行预处理来预防湿地的堵塞,并且在水力停留时间为1d的工况下,研究了湿地装置对污水的净化效果.结果表明:运用强化预处理装置后,不仅能有效防止湿地堵塞而且不影响湿地对污水的净化效果,强化预处理湿地装置对CODCr、SS、NH4+-N、TN、TP的平均去除率分别为67.14％,90.39％,64.12％,70.13％和67.98％,出水CODCr、SS、NH4+-N、TN、TP均可满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》 (GB18918-2002)的一级B要求,在我国广大农村地区的分散式污水处理中具有良好的应用前景.     

几种潜流式人工湿地的工程应用与处理效果对比

通过对几种潜流式人工湿地工程实地应用研究与实时监测分析,结合四川眉山人工湿地示范工程长期运行处理情况,对四川省农村产生的生活污水在同等条件下的处理效果进行了比较研究,为探索适用于农村面源污染的控制方法及取得最优处理效果提供基础数据、理论和对策参考。     

人工湿地技术在农村生活污水综合治理中的应用探讨

农村生活污水具有浓度低、成分复杂、生化性高的特点,以豫南某村人工湿地工程为例,介绍人工湿地组合工艺处理农村生活污水,并对污染负荷、湿地床结构、基质材料及植被选择、水力条件等设计参数进行分析。结果表明,人工湿地系统能够有效处理农村生活污水,操作管理简单,在我国农村具有很强的推广意义。     

高校人工湿地系统的规划设计——以福建工程学院新校区为例

人工湿地处理技术具有投资低、出水水质好、耗能低、抗冲击力强、操作简单和运行费用低等优点。本文阐述了人工湿地系统应用于高校生活污水回收利用的意义,以福建工程学院新校区的北校区为例,利用前期在福州大学模拟人工湿地系统处理生活污水的实验数据,规划设计人工湿地系统,计算确定相关设施的面积和尺寸,并对人工湿地系统进行平面布置,绘制出系统流程的剖面图。     

氮、磷在湿地基质中降解的机理研究

湿地基质被看成是人工湿地处理污水的核心部分,通过科学实验,文章分析了人工湿地运行中氮、磷在沿程方向和纵向的基质中的分布,重点研究湿地基质对于氮、磷的净化作用,有利于进一步理清湿地基质降解氮、磷的机理。     

Ammonia volatilization from marsh-pond-marsh constructed wetlands treating swine wastewater

Ammonia (NH3) volatilization is an undesirable mechanism for the removal of nitrogen (N) from wastewater treatment wetlands. To minimize the potential for NH3 volatilization, it is important to determine how wetland design affects NH3 volatilization. The objective of this research was to determine how the presence of a pond section affects NH3 volatilization from constructed wetlands treating wastewater from a confined swine operation. Wastewater was added at different N loads to six constructed wetlands of the marsh-pond-marsh design that were located in Greensboro, North Carolina, USA. A large enclosure was used to measure NH3 volatilization from the marsh and pond sections of each wetland in July and August of 2001. Ammonia volatilized from marsh and pond sections at rates ranging from 5 to 102 mg NH3-N m(-2) h(-1). Pond sections exhibited a significantly greater increase in the rate of NH3 volatilization (p < 0.0001) than did either marsh section as N load increased. At N loads greater than 15 kg ha(-1) d(-1), NH3 volatilization accounted for 23 to 36% of the N load. Furthermore, NH3 volatilization was the dominant (54-79%) N removal mechanism at N loads greater than 15 kg ha(-1) d(-1). Without the pond sections, NH3 volatilization would have been a minor contributor (less than 12%) to the N balance of these wetlands. To minimize NH3 volatilization, continuous marsh systems should be preferred over marsh-pond-marsh systems for the treatment of wastewater from confined animal operations.     

从潜流式人工湿地设计谈提高氮去除率方法的途径

从相关文献与实际工程来看,潜流式人工湿地对含氮污染物的去除效果与含碳污染物的去除比相对较弱。参考国内外大量文献资料,根据潜流式人工湿地的常规工艺和脱氮机理,本文总结并提出了一些提高污水氮去除率的方法。指出应根据具体的情况选择合适的植物和基质、通过工程措施和工艺组合、优化工艺设计及其他一些方法来创造脱氮所需环境,从而达到提高潜流式人工湿地氮去除率的目的。     

人工湿地的生态休闲利用与设计

人工湿地系统除了可以起到净化污水的作用,在经过精心设计后,还可发挥与自然湿地系统同样的生态保护功能,更可为人们提供一个休闲娱乐、旅游观光、科教科研的场所,越来越多的人工湿地系统开始重视并采用一系列的设计手段以充分发挥其自然价值和社会价值。本文详细地介绍了目前人工湿地综合利用研究进展,分析了综合利用时一些潜在的问题,及其设计时应当加以考虑的注意事项和建议。     

WETLAND DESIGN METHODS FOR RESIDENTIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT1

ABSTRACT: Constructed wetlands have recently gained popularity as an alternative method for wastewater treatment. This paper compares two design methodologies currently used for constructed wetlands; Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) methods. A discussion of parameters for both methods is given and a wetland treatment system is designed for an individual residence with typical BOD5 loads and flow rates. Calculation results revealed significant discrepancies in the required constructed wetlands volume, and thus detention time, stemming from inherent differences in the design methodologies. The EPA method relies heavily on plug flow kinetics, and is therefore sensitive to changes in the reaction rate constant and media porosity. Conversely, TVA determines the surface area by sizing in accordance with a recommended hydraulic loading criterion and is affected only by the hydraulic flow rates. This study concluded that a constructed wetland is a viable option under design considerations that are not favorable for traditional on-site wastewater treatment methods. However, it is recommended that conservative values for flow and loading rates be assumed to assure complete treatment for either of the design methods.     

Phytoremediation of dairy effluent by constructed wetland technology

Constructed wetlands are artificial wastewater treatment systems consisting of shallow ponds or channels which have been planted with aquatic plants and which rely upon natural microbial, biological, physical and chemical process to treat wastewater and are gaining acceptance in the recent years as a viable option for the treatment of industrial effluents and removal of toxic components. In this study, an attempt was made to compare the efficiency of aquatic macrophytes like Typha sp., Eichhornia sp., Salvinia sp., Pistia sp., Azolla sp. and Lemna sp. to treat the effluents from dairy factory, under laboratory conditions in constructed wetlands. The biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand of dairy effluent were reduced up to 65.4–83.07% and 70.4–85.3%, respectively, after treatment with constructed wetland technology.     

人工湿地生态系统污水净化研究新进展

人工湿地作为近20年来发展起来的一种传统的污水处理技术是一种廉价的替代方案,已越来越受到各国的普遍重视。在本文中,笔者详细介绍了人工湿地的定义、分类、基本构造类型与工艺流程及其在污水净化中的应用领域和应用前景。同时还详细论述了人工湿地的污水净化机理,并对今后研究的方向进行了展望,可为人工湿地污水净化技术的应用研究提供参考。     

人工湿地净化河道水质的研究进展

人工湿地是近年来国内外应用较多、发展较快的一种污水处理技术,本文从国内外人工湿地净化河水的技术应用出发,列举了人工湿地处理河水污染的效果和优势,并对湿地净化河水效率影响较大的湿地植物、填料、气候条件以及湿地构造4个因素进行了比较、分析和总结,最后对人工湿地净化河道水质进行了展望。     

Ammonia emissions from surface flow and subsurface flow constructed wetlands treating dairy wastewater

Agricultural wastewater treatment is important for maintaining water quality, and constructed wetlands (CW) can be an effective treatment option. However, some of the N that is removed during treatment can be volatilized to the atmosphere as ammonia (NH(3)). This removal pathway is not preferred because it negatively impacts air quality. The objective of this study was to assess NH(3) volatilization from surface flow (SF) and subsurface flow (SSF) CWs. Six CWs (3 SF and 3 SSF; 6.6 m(2) each) were loaded with dairy wastewater ( approximately 300 mg L(-1) total ammoniacal nitrogen, TAN = NH(3)-N + NH(4)(+)-N) in Nova Scotia, Canada. From June through September 2006, volatilization of NH(3) during 12 or 24 h periods was measured using steady-state chambers. No differences (p > 0.1) between daytime and nighttime fluxes were observed, presumably due in part to the constant airflow inside the chambers. Changes in emission rates and variability within and between wetland types coincided with changes in the vegetative canopy (Typha latifolia L.) and temperature. In SSF wetlands, the headspace depth also appeared to affect emissions. Overall, NH(3) emissions from SF wetlands were significantly higher than from SSF wetlands. The maximum flux densities were 974 and 289 mg NH(3)-N m(-2) d(-1) for SF and SSF wetlands, respectively. Both wetland types had similar TAN mass removal. On average, volatilization contributed 9 to 44% of TAN removal in SF and 1 to 18% in SSF wetlands. Results suggest volatilization plays a larger role in N removal from SF wetlands.