模拟废水高温厌氧消化出水中SMP的特性研究

为考察废水高温厌氧消化出水中溶解性微生物产物(SMP)的特性,采用高温厌氧序批式反应器处理葡萄糖模拟废水,运用尺寸排除色谱(SEC)分离厌氧消化出水溶解性有机物(DOM),结合溶解性有机碳(DOC)、UV254吸光度和三维荧光光谱分析方法,对不同分离组分进行了定性和定量研究.结果表明,SMP在出水DOM(356mg/L,以DOC计)中占90.8%,其在高分子量(MW)(10k~100kDa)、中等MW(1k~10kDa)和低MW(<1kDa)内的含量分别为46.8%、45.4%和7.8%.高MW内的SMP比中等、低MW内的SMP有更高的芳香度.废水高温厌氧消化出水中SMP的荧光物质以高的酪氨酸类物质含量,低的富里酸和腐殖酸类物质含量为主要特征.低MW区域的SMP主要包括酪氨酸类物质,而富里酸和腐殖酸类物质主要集中于中等MW区域,色氨酸类和微生物副产物类物质在各MW区域内均有分布.高、中等MW区域(不含630Da相似文献   

Ce~(3+)对厌氧颗粒污泥产VFA的影响

采用批式实验,以葡萄糖和乙酸钠为基质,研究投加不同浓度稀土Ce3+对稳定驯化和长期贮存的厌氧颗粒污泥消化产VFA的影响.结果表明,Ce3+浓度＜1 mg/L时可降低消化过程中的VFA浓度,促进丁酸向乙酸的转化以及乙酸转化为甲烷;Ce3+浓度为1～10 mg/L时则抑制细菌活性,不利于乙酸和丁酸的降解.稀土Ce的投加对以葡萄糖为基质的厌氧颗粒污泥消化产VFA中各组分的质量分数影响较小,厌氧消化前期和中期VFA产物主要为丁酸和乙酸,两者含量之和约为96%,丙酸含量＜3%.以乙酸钠为唯一基质厌氧消化时,0.05 mg/L Ce3+的投加对乙酸钠降解具有一定促进作用,可提高反应速率和去除率.污泥经过长期贮存活性降低,但含稀土Ce的厌氧颗粒污泥活性高于不含稀土的污泥,利用含稀土Ce的污泥有利于反应器再启动.     

氧化还原过程对好氧微生物产物光敏性的影响

从好氧活性污泥微生物和纯种大肠杆菌中提取溶解性微生物产物(SMP),考察光化学和电化学氧化还原过程对SMP官能团,组分和光化学活性的影响机制.结果显示,活性污泥微生物SMP(Ae)与大肠杆菌SMP(E)的SUVA₂₅₄和E2/E3分别为4.03与0.79和1.60与3.04,表明SMP(Ae)比SMP(E)芳香性和分子量更高,光照和电化学改性过程明显降低了蛋白类组分的荧光响应,进行改变了SMP的芳香性和腐殖化程度.两种改性过程可以增强SMP在光照条件下活性氧化物种(³SMP*、¹O₂和·OH)的浓度,其中[¹O₂]_ss由改性前的1.70mol/L提高到改性后的18.47mol/L,[·OH]_ss由改性前的3.57mol/L提升到438.25mol/L.17α-乙炔基雌二醇(EE2)的光降解效率在改性SMP的介导下最高提升了近5倍.本研究完善了污水处理厂出水中SMP的环境转化过程及其介导痕量有机污染物的自然光降解过...     

好氧颗粒污泥系统中溶解性微生物代谢产物的特征及主要组分

采用SBR反应器以絮状活性污泥为接种污泥培养好氧颗粒污泥,主要考察好氧颗粒污泥系统中溶解性微生物代谢产物(SMP)的产生、相对分子质量分布以及主要组成物质.结果表明SMP是出水COD的主要组分,浓度为71~85 mg·L-1,SMP的产生与微生物对基质的利用、微生物衰亡和胞外聚合物(EPS)的水解有关.相对分子质量分布表明大部分SMP相对分子质量小于3×103,所占比例为54.8%~71.7%,而相对分子质量大于100×103的组分只占总SMP的一小部分,所占比例为9.3%~14.5%.三维荧光光谱分析表明,出水SMP具有4个峰,分别属于类芳香蛋白质、类色氨酸蛋白质、类腐殖酸物质和类富里酸物质.气质联用(GC-MS)分析表明SMP主要成分为酯类、短链烷烃、烯烃和醇类,所占质量分数分别为39.0%、14.9%、11.7%和7.6%.其中邻苯二甲酸二酯是出水SMP中主要组成物质,所占质量分数为32.0%.     

Ce3+对厌氧颗粒污泥产VFA的影响

采用批式实验,以葡萄糖和乙酸钠为基质,研究投加不同浓度稀土Ce³⁺对稳定驯化和长期贮存的厌氧颗粒污泥消化产VFA的影响.结果表明,Ce³⁺浓度<1 mg/L时可降低消化过程中的VFA浓度,促进丁酸向乙酸的转化以及乙酸转化为甲烷;Ce³⁺浓度为1～10 mg/L时则抑制细菌活性,不利于乙酸和丁酸的降解.稀土Ce的投加对以葡萄糖为基质的厌氧颗粒污泥消化产VFA中各组分的质量分数影响较小,厌氧消化前期和中期VFA产物主要为丁酸和乙酸,两者含量之和约为96%,丙酸含量<3%.以乙酸钠为唯一基质厌氧消化时,0.05 mg/L Ce³⁺的投加对乙酸钠降解具有一定促进作用,可提高反应速率和去除率.污泥经过长期贮存活性降低,但含稀土Ce的厌氧颗粒污泥活性高于不含稀土的污泥,利用含稀土Ce的污泥有利于反应器再启动.     

污泥厌氧过程中磷释放与SMP特性研究

以城市污水处理厂剩余污泥为实验污泥,研究污泥厌氧过程中磷释放和溶解性微生物代谢产物（SMP）的变化特性,检测了不同厌氧时长下总磷（TP）,SMP中蛋白质与多糖含量,利用三维荧光光谱与液相色谱-有机碳测定仪（LC-OCD）进一步探究了SMP的组分分布状况,应用灰色关联度分析了TP与各组分的相关性.结果表明：随着厌氧时间延长,蛋白质,多糖浓度逐渐增加,TP浓度呈现先增大后减小的趋势,TP浓度在厌氧4d最高,达到14.15mg/gVSS,说明污泥厌氧过程中存在最优释磷时间;将三维荧光光谱分为7个荧光区域,平行因子（PARAFAC）分析表明紫外光区类富里酸和类腐殖酸物质荧光强度随着厌氧时间的延长逐渐增大,微生物代谢产物的荧光强度先增大后减小;SMP中生物高聚物和腐殖酸（Humics）等大分子物质浓度逐渐增大,中分子前驱物呈现先增大后减小的趋势,而小分子物质呈现先减小后增大的趋势;蛋白质、多糖和Humics浓度与TP浓度的关联性显著.研究结果可为优化污泥厌氧释磷,提高磷回收效率提供理论支持.     

MBR中SMP的累积及其对反应器运行的影响

研究了膜生物反应器(MBR)中溶解性微生物产物(SMP)的累积及其对反应器运行的影响。试验结果表明:在MBR稳定运行的情况下,多糖是SMP的主要成分。而且,MBR内的SMP浓度高于普通活性污泥处理工艺(CAS),这是源于MBR中微滤膜对于部分分子量较大污泥EPS的截留作用。MBR中SMP的积累会对污泥的MLVSS/MLSS和脱氢酶活性产生不利影响,抑制生物代谢活性。稳定情况下,蛋白质和多糖的含量总和分别约占出水和混合液上清液TOC的95%和64%,由此可知SMP是出水和混合液上清液中污染物中的重要组成部分。     

厌氧膜生物反应器处理市政污水的产甲烷性能及微生物代谢特征

厌氧膜生物反应器(anaerobic membrane bioreactor, AnMBR)作为一种新型厌氧处理技术,可高效去除污水中的有机物并以CH₄的形式回收再利用,降低污水处理能耗与碳排量,助力实现“双碳”目标. 为评估AnMBR处理市政污水时的能源回收潜力,进一步揭示处理系统工艺特性,考察了不同水力停留时间(hydraulic retention time, HRT)下AnMBR处理市政污水的污染物去除及产甲烷性能、微生物代谢产物及微生物群落组成特征. 结果表明:①在室温条件下,HRT从24 h缩短至3.2 h过程中反应器均可实现高效的化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand, COD)去除与产甲烷性能,COD去除效率稳定在95%以上,进水77%以上的COD转化为CH₄,出水COD浓度低至(21.2±7.8) mg/L. ②反应器中溶解性微生物代谢产物(soluble microbial products, SMP)浓度为70~200 mg/L(以COD计),蛋白质/多糖(含量比,下同)为4.3~5.5,远高于胞外聚合物中的蛋白质/多糖(2.0~4.0),膜污染潜力高. ③微生物群落分析发现,产甲烷古菌与细菌的丰度比与固体停留时间(solid retention time, SRT)呈显著负相关(P<0.05),且不同粒径颗粒中微生物群落组成差异显著,产甲烷古菌在粒径≥10 μm的颗粒中丰度较高,维持混合液挥发性悬浮固体浓度(MLVSS)在8.0~11.5 g/L之间、SRT在60~80 d之间可避免功能菌群失衡. 研究显示,AnMBR处理市政污水可实现良好的污染物去除效果与产甲烷性能,但过长的SRT会导致污泥浓度过高、SMP浓度增大以及产甲烷古菌丰度降低,影响反应器高效稳定运行.      

活性污泥及其与秸秆共基质的厌氧消化特性

为分析秸秆对污泥厌氧消化特性的影响,在中温[（35±1）℃]条件下,研究了活性污泥单基质及其与秸秆共基质在SRT（固体停留时间）分别为10和15 d,以及C/N（质量比）分别为5.5:1、10.0:1的情况下,厌氧消化产沼气量及其组分、ρ（NH₄+-N）、ρ（TP）、ρ（COD_Cr）及ρ（VFA）[以ρ（乙酸）计,其中VFA为挥发性短链脂肪酸]的变化特性.结果表明:活性污泥-秸秆共基质厌氧消化在SRT为10、15 d时,累积沼气产量为5 818.0、9 026.0 mL,比活性污泥单基质的沼气产量（4 930.0、7 760.0 mL）分别提高了15.3%、14.0%;共基质所产沼气中φ（CH₄）最高为69.3%,比活性污泥单基质高出15.4%.此外,在SRT为10和15 d时,活性污泥-秸秆共基质厌氧消化COD_Cr去除率分别为25.0%和28.0%,优于单基质的10.2%和13.1%;共基质平均ρ（NH₄+-N）分别为278.5和254.9 mg/L,单基质平均ρ（NH₄+-N）分别为215.6和213.5 mg/L;活性污泥-秸秆共基质平均ρ（TP）分别为168.6和175.9 mg/L,高于活性污泥单基质的129.2和152.2 mg/L.共基质有利于厌氧消化液中有机物的提高,从而增加ρ（VFA）、提高甲烷产量.研究显示,共基质可优化厌氧消化底物的C/N,促进厌氧消化反应,提高产气量.      

三维荧光光谱表征Fe(Ⅱ)浓度对厌氧氨氧化过程的影响与平行因子分析

考察Fe(Ⅱ)浓度对厌氧氨氧化过程的影响,并采用三维荧光光谱结合平行因子分析方法,解析厌氧氨氧化反应器出水中的荧光组分,探究外加Fe(Ⅱ)与反应器出水水质的关系。结果表明:随着Fe(Ⅱ)浓度从1.84 mg/L升至5.00 mg/L,N H 4 + -N和N O 2 - -N的去除率逐渐增加,表明增加进水Fe(Ⅱ)浓度可以提高微生物对底物的利用率;随着Fe(Ⅱ)浓度的增加,厌氧氨氧化菌的数量亦显著增加;厌氧氨氧化反应器出水的主要荧光组分是类蛋白质和类富里酸物质,随着Fe(Ⅱ)浓度的增加,反应器出水的类蛋白质荧光强度显著增强,表明在一定条件下,投加Fe(Ⅱ)可以促进厌氧氨氧化菌的生长。因此,利用三维荧光光谱法可以反映投加Fe(Ⅱ)对厌氧氨氧化性能的影响,进而反映反应器实际运行状况。     

Removal of anaerobic soluble microbial products in a biological activated carbon reactor

The soluble microbial products (SMP) in the biological treatment effluent are generally of great amount and are poorly biodegradable. Focusing on the biodegradation of anaerobic SMP, the biological activated carbon (BAC) was introduced into the anaerobic system. The experiments were conducted in two identical lab-scale up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors. The high strength organics were degraded in the first UASB reactor (UASB1) and the second UASB (UASB2, i.e., BAC) functioned as a polishing step to remove SMP produced in UASB1. The results showed that 90% of the SMP could be removed before granular activated carbon was saturated. After the saturation, the SMP removal decreased to 60% on the average. Analysis of granular activated carbon adsorption revealed that the main role of SMP removal in BAC reactor was biodegradation. A strain of SMP-degrading bacteria, which was found highly similar to Klebsiella sp., was isolated, enriched and inoculated back to the BAC reactor. When the influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) was 10,000 mg/L and the organic loading rate achieved 10 kg COD/(m 3 ·day), the effluent from the BAC reactor could meet the discharge standard without further treatment. Anaerobic BAC reactor inoculated with the isolated Klebsiella was proved to be an effective, cheap and easy technical treatment approach for the removal of SMP in the treatment of easily-degradable wastewater with COD lower than 10,000 mg/L.     

沼液回流时间对厨余垃圾高含固厌氧发酵的影响

研究了高温(55±2)℃下沼液回流时间(1,6,12,24 h/d)对厨余垃圾高含固(15%TS)厌氧发酵产氢的影响,并探讨了不同沼液回流时间下微生物群落的演替规律。结果表明:增加沼液回流时间可提高产氢量,缓解VFAs积累的抑制效应,回流时间为24 h/d时氢气累积产量最大,为111.44 L,VFAs浓度为28.34 g/L,比回流时间1 h/d时降低了15.40%。厨余垃圾厌氧发酵过程中延长回流时间可恢复酸化体系的pH,且未形成氨积累。回流时间较短(12 h/d)的S实验组中,随着发酵的进行,微生物群落结构多样性降低,在门水平上Firmicutes逐渐演替为优势菌(49.2%~89.5%),回流时间较长(24 h/d)的T实验组一直保持较高的微生物多样性,发酵结束时,Firmicutes、Chloroflexi、Proteobacteria、Euryarchaeota相对丰度分别为27.8%、33.6%、13.0%和12.3%;属水平上T实验组(24 h/d)的产氢菌相对丰度高于S实验组(12 h/d),发酵结束时产氢菌Clostridium和Thermoanaerobacterium的相对丰度分别为10.5%和3.2%。延长沼液回流时间可促进VFAs与葡萄糖代谢产氢。冗余分析表明,沼液回流时间和产气量主要与Firmicutes和Chloroflexi中菌属变化较明显相关。     

The effect of continuous Ni(Ⅱ) exposure on the organic degradation and soluble microbial product(SMP) formation in two-phase anaerobic reactor

A two-phase anaerobic reactor fed with glucose substrate (3 g chemical oxygen demand (COD)/L) was used to investigate the effects of toxic metals on the degradation of organics and the soluble microbial product (SMP) formation. Low concentrations of Ni(II) (5 and 10 mg/L) promoted the acid phase, whereas high concentrations (15, 20, and 25 mg/L) exhibited an inhibitory effect on, but did not alter the fermentative method, which mainly involved the fermentation of propionic acid. The methanogenic microorganism exhibited a strong capability adapting constantly increased Ni(II) levels. The acid phase was an accumulation stage of SMP. In the absence of Ni(II), the high-molecular-weight material in the effluent SMP mainly contained polysaccharide, tryptophan, and casein. Methanogens metabolized most of the polysaccharide, the whole tryptophan content, and part of the casein, leading to the presence of humic acid and protein in effluent. After Ni(II) dosage, the protein and polysaccharide of the acid phase increased, and tryptophan changed, while casein remained stable. More protein than polysaccharide was produced, suggesting the prominent function of protein when addressing the negative effect of toxic metals. The analysis of DNA confirmed the change of bacterial activity.     

An advanced anaerobic biofilter with effluent recirculation for phenol removal and methane production in treatment of coal gasification wastewater

An advanced anaerobic biofilter (AF) was introduced for the treatment of coal gasification wastewater (CGW), and effluent recirculation was adopted to enhance phenol removal and methane production. The results indicated that AF was reliable in treating diluted CGW, while its efficiency and stability were seriously reduced when directly treating raw CGW. However, its performance could be greatly enhanced by effluent recirculation. Under optimal effluent recirculation of 0.5 to the influent, concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total phenol in the effluent could reach as low as 234.0 and 14.2 mg/L, respectively. Also, the rate of methane production reached 169.0 mL CH₄/L/day. Though CGW seemed to restrain the growth of anaerobic microorganisms, especially methanogens, the inhibition was temporary and reversible, and anaerobic bacteria presented strong tolerance. The activities of methanogens cultivated in CGW could quickly recover on feeding with glucose wastewater (GW). However, the adaptability of anaerobic bacteria to the CGW was very poor and the activity of methanogens could not be improved by long-term domestication. By analysis using the Haldane model, it was further confirmed that high effluent recirculation could result in high activity for hydrolytic bacteria and substrate affinity for toxic matters, but only suitable effluent recirculation could result in high methanogenic activity.     

好氧区DO对水解酸化-缺氧-好氧工艺处理石化废水的影响

采用水解酸化-缺氧-好氧工艺处理某石化废水,研究了不同好氧区ρ(DO)下,系统中的有机物、NH₄+-N和TN的去除效果,SMP(soluble microbial products,溶解性微生物产物)的产生情况,以及污泥沉降性能的变化. 结果表明:在总水力停留时间为40h、污泥回流比为100%的情况下,好氧区ρ(DO)平均值从6~7mg/L降至1~2mg/L左右时,系统仍可维持较为稳定的有机物、NH₄+-N和TN去除效果;随着好氧区ρ(DO)的降低,出水中ρ(SMP)对ρ(COD_Cr)的贡献有所降低,SMP中ρ(蛋白质)与ρ(多糖)之比由4.6∶1降至0.8∶1;随着好氧区ρ(DO)的降低,污泥的沉降性能逐渐变差,SVI(污泥指数)由62.7mL/g升至136.9mL/g,但并未导致污泥流失. 综合污染物去除效果和运行能耗来看,该研究中较为适合的好氧区ρ(DO)为2~3mg/L.      

pH6.0酸性条件下产甲烷EGSB反应器的运行研究

采用中性颗粒污泥接种,运行一个3.1L的EGSB反应器共345d,通过逐步降低pH值,获得了耐酸的产甲烷颗粒污泥并实现厌氧反应器在低pH、低碱度条件下的稳定运行.在pH 6.0,进水COD 3000mg/L,COD容积负荷5kg/(m³·d)时,反应器的COD平均去除率为95.0%,出水总碱度(以CaCO₃计)仅为328.5mg/L,每g去除COD的沼气产量为372.2mL,沼气中甲烷含量约为57.6%;在进水COD 4 000mg/L,COD容积负荷7.5kg/(m³·d)时,COD平均去除率为90.9%,出水总碱度仅为404.8mg/L,每g去除COD的沼气产量为446.3mL,甲烷含量约为55.9%.EGSB反应器在pH6.0～6.1的范围内共运行112d,表明在低pH、低碱度下实现稳定的产甲烷过程是可行的.     

不同回流率下的循环流化床脱氮性能研究

一种新型的生物脱氮工艺——生物循环流化床(CFBBR)用于脱氮和除碳。系统由缺氧床(升流床)和好氧床(降流床)及其连接装置构成。进水由缺氧床底部进入,同来自好氧床的硝化液一起,在缺氧床内完成脱氮和除碳。研究了不同进水负荷,硝化液回流率200%~600%下的系统性能。从技术和经济角度考虑,400%硝化液回流率为最佳。最短水力停留时间2.5h(缺氧床0.8h,好氧床1.7h)和400%硝化液回流率下,TN和CODCr去除率和出水浓度分别为88%、95%和3.5mg/L、16mg/L。系统VSS低于1g/L,硝化率和反硝化率分别为0.026~0.1g/(g·d)和0.016~0.074g/(g·d)。     

Enhanced anaerobic fermentation with azo dye as electron acceptor： Simultaneous acceleration of organics decomposition and azo decolorization

Accumulation of hydrogen during anaerobic processes usually results in low decomposition of volatile organic acids（VFAs）. On the other hand, hydrogen is a good electron donor for dye reduction, which would help the acetogenic conversion in keeping low hydrogen concentration. The main objective of the study was to accelerate VFA composition through using azo dye as electron acceptor. The results indicated that the azo dye serving as an electron acceptor could avoid H2 accumulation and accelerate anaerobic digestion of VFAs. After adding the azo dye, propionate decreased from 2400.0 to 689.5 mg/L and acetate production increased from 180.0 to 519.5 mg/L. It meant that the conversion of propionate into acetate was enhanced. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis showed that the abundance of propionate-utilizing acetogens with the presence of azo dye was greater than that in a reference without azo dye. The experiments via using glucose as the substrate further demonstrated that the VFA decomposition and the chemical oxygen demand（COD） removal increased by 319.7 mg/L and 23.3% respectively after adding the azo dye. Therefore, adding moderate azo dye might be a way to recover anaerobic system from deterioration due to the accumulation of H2 or VFAs.     

悬浮填料对厌氧氨氧化MBR运行的影响特性及机理

向厌氧氨氧化（anammox）膜生物反应器（MBR）投加悬浮填料,考察其对反应器脱氮性能和膜污染的影响特性,并探究了相关机理.试验结果表明,投加填料后,反应器脱氮性能良好.当进水氨氮（NH₄⁺-N）160mg/L、亚硝态氮（NO₂^--N）180mg/L时,出水NH₄⁺-N和NO₂^--N均在15mg/L以下,硝态氮（NO₃^--N）在30mg/L以下,总氮去除率可达90%.投加填料显著减轻了膜污染,跨膜压差（TMP）稳定在8kPa左右.混合液中溶解性微生物产物（SMP）和胞外聚合物（EPS）成分分析结果表明,在第67~149d,蛋白质总量、多糖总量和总有机碳总量分别下降了49%、43%和61%,它们浓度的下降有利于延缓膜污染;此外,悬浮填料对膜组件的机械碰撞也起到了物理清洗作用.高通量测序结果显示,悬浮填料生物膜在anammox菌相对丰度方面显著高于混合液污泥,说明anammox菌更适宜于附着生长,投加填料可以为其提供更加稳定的生长环境.