环境风险评价内涵与外延研究

在简要介绍环境风险评价(Environmental Risk Assessment,ERA)发展历程的基础上,总结现阶段国内外普遍采用的ERA定义,深入分析ERA的内涵和类型,在重新给出涵盖性更全面的ERA定义的同时,对3种评价内容的评价程序和评价方法进行了横向比较。收集整理了ERA的研究进展和应用现状,从时间、范畴和应用范围3个方面划定了ERA的外延。     

模糊神经网络技术在矿山安全评价中的适应性研究

我国矿山企业安全生产形势严峻,矿山安全一直是我国矿山企业急需解决的安全评价技术及其应用是预防和控制矿山灾害事故的重要内容.对国内外矿山安全评价理论和技术的研究进展进行了系统的论述,并对国内安全评价理论和技术的研究和应用过程出现的问题进行了分析,指出模糊神经网络技术在矿山安全研究中的可行性,为矿山安全管理和科学决策提供了一种新的思路.     

岩质高边坡稳定性监测与评价方法研究综述

在总结大量国内外文献的基础上,对目前常用的边坡稳定性监测和评价方法进行了系统研究,重点介绍了刚体极限平衡分析法、数值分析方法、可靠性分析法、模糊分级评判方法在边坡稳定性评价中的应用,并对边坡稳定性研究的主要问题和今后的发展方向进行了探讨与展望.     

防护服热阻研究简介

通过测试几种防寒服装保暖材料的性能,对防寒服装的层次配套规则进行了探讨和分析,同时对防寒材料保暖性能的表征方法进行了介绍。     

化工装置定量风险评价的研究进展

化工装置定量风险评价是安全生产工作的重点,同时也是国内外学者研究的热点。本研究根据化工装置定量风险评价技术的国内外研究进展,结合国内外学者在评价技术方面的研究成果,对目前国内外化工装置定量风险评价技术的研究现状进行了客观的评价,并对该技术目前的发展趋势进行了分析。在掌握现有技术现状的基础上,提出了评价的不足之处以及待改进的技术环节,并针对这些技术缺陷,结合国内的实际情况,提出了具有可行性的建议。     

系统安全评价的内容设置不应重复

最近10年，我国对系统安全评价理论与方法的研究应用非常活跃，取得了长足进展和实效，诸如企业安全评价、危险等级划分、危险源评估、事故隐患测评等各类评价方法，全国已有数十种之多。总体而言，这些方法都是在借鉴国内外评价理论与方法的基础上，结合评价对象的实际研究开发的，具有一定的先进性、科学性和实用性。但在迅速发展并取得丰硕成果的同时，也存在一些值得探讨和反思的问题。本文只集中讨论关于评价内容重复设置的问题。所谓重复设置，是指评价过程中对已经评价过的内容再以其它形式进行重复评价。例如，对某一系统（如某一企…     

公路网安全评价指标体系研究

本文在总结分析国内外相关研究的基础上,对公路网安全评价指标体系的作用进行了分析,并对各种描述公路网安全的评价指标进行深入研究,建立了公路网安全评价指标选取原则,从而进一步构建了公路网安全评价指标体系,成果可以为公路网安全评价决策层提供技术支持.     

冬季防寒服装中开口结构设计探析

服装的热功能是防寒服装的重要设计目的.其中,服装结构设计,尤其是开口设计的影响尤为重要.本文基于对服装热功能和环境对人体热平衡影响的分析.结合市场产品开展了防寒服装开口结构设计的研究,并根据研究结果进行实际产品的设计.最终通过研究,总结出防寒服装开口的具体设计,帮助服装提高其防寒保暖功能.     

《政策环境评价理论与实践探索》简介

本书是作者近年来对政策环境评价理论与实践探索的记录,全书分上下两篇。上篇是对政策环境评价的理论探索,主要介绍了我国开展政策环境评价工作的背景和政策环境评价的国内外研究进展,总结了政策环境评价的理论及方法.     

交通建设工程安全评价技术现状及趋势研究

综述我国交通建设工程安全生产现状,详细描述常用安全评价技术在我国交通建设工程中的实用状况,对专家论证、安全检查表、作业条件危险性评价等常用安全评价方法的适用范围及优缺点加以分析。系统研讨安监系统及建设部门制定涉及安全评价的相关规定及其应用情况。对国内外工程建设安全评价方法的定量化、软件化等研发进展进行讨论,同时对我国交通建设工程安全评价技术发展趋势给以展望。     

常用高、低温防护服着装舒适性研究

防护服装的全面评价通常涉及安全性、工效学特性等多个方面。在常用高、低温防护服隔热性能研究基础上,对服装的舒适性进行了初步研究,以期为高低温防护服的选用和设计改进等提供依据。本研究应用热平板仪、人工气候室等研究设备以及真人着装实验,对高低温作业典型工种常用的耐高温防护服和低温防护服的舒适性能进行了研究。研究结果显示,不同类型高、低温防护服的透气性、透湿性、着装压力、肢体活动角度等均表现出一定差异,防护服的面料、结构和工艺等均影响到其整体舒适性,并提出了相应的改善建议。     

服装面积因子的测评

利用暖体假人测定服装热阻时,考虑到着装后服装外表面积变大导致的边界空气层变化对服装的基本或固有热阻的影响,需引入服装面积因子的概念。本文首先阐述了服装面积因子的定义和应用：接着从直接法和间接法两大方法归纳现有测评服装面积因子的研究：最后对服装面积因子与热阻间的关系做了详细论述。     

常用高、低温防护服隔热性能研究

为评价常用类型高、低温防护服的防护性能,本研究应用热平板仪、人工气候室和暖体假人等研究设备,对高低温作业典型工种常用的耐高温防护服和低温防护服的隔热性能进行了研究。研究结果显示,不同类型高、低温防护服的服装面料、服装整体的隔热性表现出一定差异,模拟环境下的着装生理学测试结果也存在不同,防护服的面料、结构和工艺等均影响到其整体隔热性能。防护服装的全面评价通常涉及安全性、工效学特性等多个方面,有必要从服装的舒适性、工效学特性等方面进一步研究,并开展大规模的现场人体穿着实验,从而为高低温防护服的选用和设计改进等提供依据。     

Calculation of Clothing Insulation by Serial and Parallel Methods: Effects on Clothing Choice by IREQ and Thermal Responses in the Cold

Cold protective clothing was studied in 2 European Union projects. The objectives were (a) to examine different insulation calculation methods as measured on a manikin (serial or parallel), for the prediction of cold stress (IREQ); (b) to consider the effects of cold protective clothing on metabolic rate; (c) to evaluate the movement and wind correction of clothing insulation values.

Tests were carried out on 8 subjects. The results showed the possibility of incorporating the effect of increases in metabolic rate values due to thick cold protective clothing into the IREQ model. Using the higher thermal insulation value from the serial method in the IREQ prediction, would lead to unacceptable cooling of the users. Thus, only the parallel insulation calculation method in EN 342:2004 should be used. The wind and motion correction equation (No. 2) gave realistic values for total resultant insulation; dynamic testing according to EN 342:2004 may be omitted.     

Calculation of clothing insulation by serial and parallel methods: effects on clothing choice by IREQ and thermal responses in the cold.

Cold protective clothing was studied in 2 European Union projects. The objectives were (a) to examine different insulation calculation methods as measured on a manikin (serial or parallel), for the prediction of cold stress (IREQ); (b) to consider the effects of cold protective clothing on metabolic rate; (c) to evaluate the movement and wind correction of clothing insulation values. Tests were carried out on 8 subjects. The results showed the possibility of incorporating the effect of increases in metabolic rate values due to thick cold protective clothing into the IREQ model. Using the higher thermal insulation value from the serial method in the IREQ prediction, would lead to unacceptable cooling of the users. Thus, only the parallel insulation calculation method in EN 342:2004 should be used. The wind and motion correction equation (No. 2) gave realistic values for total resultant insulation; dynamic testing according to EN 342:2004 may be omitted.     

Physiological Method of Evaluating Protective Clothing for Work in a Cold Environment

The purpose of this study was to determine the usefulness of physiological studies in the evaluation of protective clothing for work in a cold environment. The study included the examination of the dynamics of changes in chosen physiological parameters (core and skin temperatures, heart rate, pulmonary minute ventilation) as well as physical ones (the temperature and relative humidity under the clothes) during work in protective clothing with unknown thermal insulation. The experiment was conducted in extreme environmental conditions (–10 and –15°C) at a work load defined by the clothing manufacturer as moderate. Results show that thermal equilibrium was achieved and maintained throughout the investigated work time (60 min) and that the protective clothing ensures safety on the time scale of a regular 8-hour work day. It was also shown that the dynamics of thermal stress physiological parameters can be used to determine the maximum duration of exposure for cold protective clothing with unknown thermal insulation.     

The influence of sweating on the heat transmission properties of cold protective clothing studied with a sweating thermal manikin.

One of the objectives of the European SUBZERO project was to study the influence of sweat evaporation and condensation on the heat transmission properties of cold protective clothing. With the sweating thermal manikin Coppelius, water vapour transfer through and water condensation in the clothing can be determined simultaneously with the thermal insulation. In this study, 4 cold protective ensembles, intended for use temperatures between 0 and -50 degrees C, were measured with the dry manikin and at 2 different sweating rates. In addition, the ensembles were measured with non-sweating thermal manikins and in wear trials.     

电磁辐射防护服装研究进展探讨

为了防护人体免遭电磁辐射的危害,电磁辐射防护服装的应用及相关研究受到广泛关注。本文从电磁辐射防护的背景入手,阐述了电磁辐射防护服的防护原理研究进展,介绍了电磁辐射防护服装的应用以及屏蔽效能测试与评价的研究现状,并对电磁辐射防护服装今后研究提出了相应的建议与展望。     

Prediction of Duration Limited Exposure for Participants Wearing Chemical Protective Clothing in the Cold

The suitability of the IREQ (insulation required) index for predicting the thermal responses of 6 participants wearing chemical protective clothing was tested during exercise at -20 and -25 °C. IREQ was used to calculate duration limited exposure (DLE). Measured DLE correlated (r= .899, p < .001) with the predicted DLE. In exposures exceeding 40 min, however, the predicted DLE tended to be 10-20 min too short compared to the measured one. During short exposures the prediction was 5-20 min too long. The results show that IREQ overestimated the cold strain in participants wearing chemical protective clothing during cold exposures longer than 40 min. Nevertheless, predicted DLE never exceeded measured times and thus the prediction was always safe from the occupational point of view.     

活性炭纤维在含碳吸附型防护服中的应用

本文简述了含碳吸附型防护服的发展历程,具体阐述了活性炭纤维的主要特性以及作为吸附材料的防护机理,最后介绍了国内外活性炭纤维在含碳吸附型防护服中研究和应用的情况。