不同掺量再生骨料对混凝土强度的影响研究

通过混凝土配合比设计试验采用等量取代普通骨料的方法,研究不同掺量连续级配再生骨料对混凝土拌合物和易性及混凝土立方体抗压强度影响。主要采取对照组与不同处理组拌合物和易性、不同龄期试件抗压强度等的对比试验得出试验结果。试验结果表明连续级配混凝土再生骨料的掺量对混凝土的和易性及强度均有一定的影响并呈线性变化。通过试验数据结合理论分析得出在再生骨料混凝土配合比设计中,其流动性的大小受到混凝土再生骨料及粉煤灰掺量的影响;再生骨料混凝土的早期强度与拌合物的搅拌时间有直接关系,试验分析得出为提高混凝土早期抗压强度,混凝土再生骨料混凝土配制时其搅拌时间应适当延长;同时,为提高混凝土的和易性、早期及后期抗压强度粉煤灰的掺量百分比应随连续级配混凝土再生骨料掺量的增加而提高。利用试验研究成果,可有效提高混凝土再生骨料的利用量,保障再生骨料混凝土的抗压强度,提高建筑废渣的利用率减轻生态环境压力达到节能减排的目的。同时又能大幅度降低混凝土工程的成本具有一定的经济效益和社会效益。     

废混凝土骨料对GRC性能影响研究

针对废混凝土排放量巨大、再利用程度低以及GRC长期性能下降的问题,采用50℃热水加速老化的试验方法,研究了废混凝土取代天然砂、粉煤灰和硅灰对GRC性能的影响。结果表明,废混凝土骨料取代率为30%时,可提高GRC的抗折强度,同时还可以减缓GRC抗折强度下降的速度;粉煤灰取代率30%时,对GRC早期抗折强度不利,但可提高其后期强度,同时可较大程度地减缓GRC抗折强度下降的速度;粉煤灰取代率30%,同时废混凝土骨料取代率30%时,对GRC抗折强度及抗折强度下降速度的影响较粉煤灰单独使用时效果要好;粉煤灰与硅灰同时分别以20%及10%取代水泥时,对GRC抗折强度有较大的提高作用,同时也可减缓GRC抗折强度下降的速度;粉煤灰取代率20%、硅灰取代率10%、废混凝土骨料取代率30%时,对GRC抗折强度的提高作用最大,对GRC抗折强度下降的延缓作用较废混凝土骨料单独使用或粉煤灰与硅灰同时使用时要大。     

全废砖再生轻骨料混凝土试验研究

将废粘土砖加工成粗细骨料,用于配制全废砖再生轻骨料混凝土.检测结果表明：所用废砖粗细骨料属轻骨料范畴,但其吸水率较大,且细骨料级配不良.试验表明：本试验配合比体系中,净水灰比为0.42,体积砂率为50％时最佳;以全废砖配制的再生砖轻骨料混凝土的强度发展规律与普通轻骨料混凝土类似,均有随水泥用量提高而强度提高的趋势,但随着所配制的混凝土强度等级的提高,再生轻骨料混凝土的强度提高趋势下降.以全废砖为骨料适合配制强度等级LC30及以下的再生轻骨料混凝土.     

C20全废混凝土再生骨料透水混凝土配比试验

为了再利用建筑垃圾,节约天然骨料资源,试验骨料全部采用废混凝土,研究水灰比、胶骨比及减水剂对废混凝土再生骨料透水混凝土性能的影响。结果表明:在胶骨比不变时,水灰比增加,抗压强度增加、孔隙率降低;在水灰比不变时,胶骨比增加,抗压强度增加、孔隙率降低;减水剂可以改善拌合物的和易性,从而提高抗压强度,降低孔隙率,但加入量不宜过大;用全废混凝土完全可配制出符合规范要求的透水混凝土。     

成型方式对不同骨料透水混凝土性能影响试验研究

采用4种不同成型方式分别制作再生骨料透水混凝土和天然骨料透水混凝土,研究其强度和透水性能的变化规律.试验结果表明:手工振捣+平板振动成型方式制作的透水混凝土,具有较高的强度与优良的透水性能,为最佳的成型方式;同配比时,再生骨料透水混凝土较天然骨料混凝土强度更高,透水性能也较好.     

碎砖骨料再生混凝土配合比研究

用正交法试验分析了碎砖骨料混凝土的配合比,提出水灰比和碎砖骨料掺量分别是影响混凝土强度和流动性的主要因素.倡导用碎砖做混凝土骨料,保护生态环境.     

废混凝土制作球型路障试验研究

针对建筑垃圾排放量大、利用率低以及石材路障消耗天然石材等问题,以废混凝土作为骨料,制作混凝土再生骨料型球型路障,试验研究了废混凝土取代率、减水剂用量等因素对其性能及外观效果的影响。结果表明废混凝土再生骨料可完全取代天然骨料制球型路障通过调节减水剂掺量,可改善制品的外观质量,减少表面孔洞发生。     

高碳铬铁合金渣透水混凝土试验研究

为了再生利用高碳铬铁合金渣,在检测高碳铬铁合金渣浸出毒性及作为混凝土骨料可行性的基础上,将其作为骨料替代天然石用于透水混凝土的制作。试验结果表明:高碳铬铁合金渣的性能满足混凝土用骨料要求,高碳铬铁合金渣作为骨料时的性能优于天然石作为骨料时的性能,水灰比为0.42,胶骨比为0.28时,配制的透水混凝土可达到相关规范规定的C20混凝土的要求,连通孔隙率可达18%。     

再生混凝土骨料对钢渣骨料透水混凝土性能影响试验研究

将再生混凝土骨料以不同比例取代钢渣骨料配制透水混凝土,采用沸煮试验法考察废混凝土骨料对钢渣透水混凝土强度和体积稳定性的影响,结果表明:再生混凝土骨料可改善钢渣透水混凝土强度,减轻钢渣骨料膨胀对透水混凝土体积稳定性的影响,用再生混凝土骨料在改善钢渣骨料透水混凝土性能同时可消纳两种固体废弃物,具有环境效益和社会效益。     

梅州市建筑废弃物再生利用研究

研究分析梅州市混凝土运输车洗涮废水和废弃混凝土对新拌混凝土力学性能的影响。结果表明:洗车废水呈碱性,将其替代部分自来水拌制混凝土,会引起新制混凝土强度降低;在流动度恒定的条件下,用火灾后废弃混凝土作骨料时,混凝土用水泥浆体量增加而强度则降低,建议掺入量以小于35%为宜。     

Influence of recycled aggregate quality and proportioning criteria on recycled concrete properties

This paper presents the results of experimental research using concrete produced by substituting part of the natural coarse aggregates with recycled aggregates from concrete demolition. The influence of the quality of the recycled aggregate (amount of declassified and source of aggregate), the percentage of replacement on the targeted quality of the concrete to be produced (strength and workability) has been evaluated. The granular structure of concrete and replacement criteria were analyzed in this study, factors which have not been analyzed in other studies. The following properties of recycled concretes were analyzed: density, absorption, compressive strength, elastic modulus, amount of occluded air, penetration of water under pressure and splitting tensile strength.A simplified test program was designed to control the costs of the testing while still producing sufficient data to develop reliable conclusions in order to make the number of tests viable whilst guaranteeing the reliability of the conclusions.Several factors were analyzed including the type of aggregate, the percentage of replacement, the type of sieve curve, the declassified content, the strength of concrete and workability of concrete and the replacement criteria. The type of aggregate and the percentage of replacement were the only factors that showed a clear influence on most of the properties.Compressive strength is clearly affected by the quality of recycled aggregates. If the water–cement ratio is kept constant and the loss of workability due to the effect of using recycled aggregate is compensated for with additives, the percentage of replacement of the recycled aggregate will not affect the compressive strength.The elastic modulus is affected by the percentage of replacement. If the percentage of replacement does not exceed 50%, the elastic modulus will only change slightly.     

Compressive strength and resistance to chloride ion penetration and carbonation of recycled aggregate concrete with varying amount of fly ash and fine recycled aggregate

Construction and demolition waste has been dramatically increased in the last decade, and social and environmental concerns on the recycling have consequently been increased. Recent technology has greatly improved the recycling process for waste concrete. This study investigates the fundamental characteristics of concrete using recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) for its application to structural concrete members. The specimens used 100% coarse RCA, various replacement levels of natural aggregate with fine RCA, and several levels of fly ash addition. Compressive strength of mortar and concrete which used RCA gradually decreased as the amount of the recycled materials increased. Regardless of curing conditions and fly ash addition, the 28 days strength of the recycled aggregate concrete was greater than the design strength, 40 MPa, with a complete replacement of coarse aggregate and a replacement level of natural fine aggregate by fine RCA up to 60%. The recycled aggregate concrete achieved sufficient resistance to the chloride ion penetration. The measured carbonation depth did not indicate a clear relationship to the fine RCA replacement ratio but the recycled aggregate concrete could also attain adequate carbonation resistance. Based on the results from the experimental investigations, it is believed that the recycled aggregate concrete can be successfully applied to structural concrete members.     

High fire resistance in blocks containing coal combustion fly ashes and bottom ash

Fire resistance recycled blocks, containing fly ash and bottom ash from coal combustion power plants with a high fire resistance, are studied in this paper by testing different compositions using Portland cement type II, sand, coarse aggregate and fly ash (up to 50% of total weight) and bottom ash (up to 30% of total weight). The fire resistance, physical-chemical (density, pH, humidity, and water absorption capacity), mechanical (compressive and flexural strength), and leaching properties are measured on blocks made with different proportions of fly ash and bottom ash. The standard fire resistance test is reproduced on 28 cm-high, 18 cm-wide and 3 cm-thick units, and is measured as the time needed to reach a temperature of 180 °C on the non-exposed surface of the blocks for the different compositions.The results show that the replacement of fine aggregate with fly ash and of coarse aggregate with bottom ash have a remarkable influence on fire resistance and cause no detriment to the mechanical properties of the product. Additionally, according to the leaching tests, no environmental problems have been detected in the product. These results lead to an analysis of the recycling possibilities of these by-products in useful construction applications for the passive protection against fire.     

Strength properties of concrete incorporating coal bottom ash and granulated blast furnace slag

Coal bottom ash (CBA) and fly ash (FA) are by-products of thermal power plants. Granulated blast-furnace slag (GBFS) is developed during iron production in iron and steel plants. This research was conducted to evaluate the compressive strength property and some durability characteristics of concrete incorporating FA, CBA, and GBFS. FA is used as an effective partial cement replacement; CBA and GBFS are used as partial replacement for fine aggregate without grinding. Water absorption capacity, unit weight and compressive strengths in 7, 28, and 90-day ages were assessed experimentally. For these experiments, concrete specimens were produced in the laboratory in appropriate shapes. The samples are divided into two main categories: M1, which incorporated CBA and GBFS; and M2, which incorporated FA, CBA, and GBFS. Remarkable decreases are observed in compressive strength and water absorption capacity of the concrete; bulk density of the concrete is also decreased. It can be concluded that if the content of CBA and GBFS is limited to a reasonable amount, the small decreases in strength can be accepted for low strength concrete works.     

Assessment of the recycling potential of fresh concrete waste using a factorial design of experiments

Recycling of industrial wastes and by-products can help reduce the cost of waste treatment prior to disposal and eventually preserve natural resources and energy. To assess the recycling potential of a given waste, it is important to select a tool capable of giving clear indications either way, with the least time and work consumption, as is the case of modelling the system properties using the results obtained from statistical design of experiments. In this work, the aggregate reclaimed from the mud that results from washout and cleaning operations of fresh concrete mixer trucks (fresh concrete waste, FCW) was recycled into new concrete with various water/cement ratios, as replacement of natural fine aggregates. A 3² factorial design of experiments was used to model fresh concrete consistency index and hardened concrete water absorption and 7- and 28-day compressive strength, as functions of FCW content and water/cement ratio, and the resulting regression equations and contour plots were validated with confirmation experiments. The results showed that the fresh concrete workability worsened with the increase in FCW content but the water absorption (5–10 wt.%), 7-day compressive strength (26–36 MPa) and 28-day compressive strength (32–44 MPa) remained within the specified ranges, thus demonstrating that the aggregate reclaimed from FCW can be recycled into new concrete mixtures with lower natural aggregate content.     

Possibility of using waste tire rubber and fly ash with Portland cement as construction materials

The growing amount of waste rubber produced from used tires has resulted in an environmental problem. Recycling waste tires has been widely studied for the last 20 years in applications such as asphalt pavement, waterproofing systems and membrane liners. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing fly ash and rubber waste with Portland cement as a composite material for masonry applications. Class C fly ash and waste automobile tires in three different sizes were used with Portland cement. Compressive and flexural strength, dry unit weight and water absorption tests were performed on the composite specimens containing waste tire rubber. The compressive strength decreased by increasing the rubber content while increased by increasing the fly ash content for all curing periods. This trend is slightly influenced by particle size. For flexural strength, the specimens with waste tire rubber showed higher values than the control mix probably due to the effect of rubber fibers. The dry unit weight of all specimens decreased with increasing rubber content, which can be explained by the low specific gravity of rubber particles. Water absorption decreased slightly with the increase in rubber particles size. These composite materials containing 10% Portland cement, 70% and 60% fly ash and 20% and 30% tire rubber particles have sufficient strength for masonry applications.     

Utilization of municipal solid waste bottom ash and recycled aggregate in concrete

In the combustion process of municipal solid waste (MSW), bottom ash (BA) represents the major portion of the solid residue. Since BA is composed of oxides, especially SiO(2) and CaO, the feasibility of its application in concrete as a substitute for cement was tested. It was found that at the age of 28 days, the flexural and compressive strengths of the binder linearly decrease at the rate of 0.03 and 0.02 MPa per wt% of BA in the binder, respectively. According to the results it may be recommended to replace up to 15 wt% of cement by BA and to use such binder where a low strength of concrete elements is required. Furthermore, the aggregate used for low strength concrete need not be of a very good quality. Therefore, gravel aggregate was partially replaced by recycled aggregate (RA). Consistency measured by slump was significantly reduced (>50%) when BA or/and RA were introduced into the mixture. However, concrete density and compressive strength were not affected and were approximately 2300 kg/m(3) and approximately 40 MPa, respectively.     

Manufacture of artificial aggregate using MSWI bottom ash

This paper reports the results of an investigation on material recovery by stabilization/solidification of bottom ash coming from a municipal solid waste incineration plant. Stabilization/solidification was carried out to produce artificial aggregate in a rotary plate granulator by adding hydraulic binders based on cement, lime and coal fly ash. Different mixes were tested in which the bottom ash content ranged between 60% and 90%. To avoid undesirable swelling in hardened products, the ash was previously milled and then granulated at room temperature. The granules were tested to assess their suitability to be used as artificial aggregate through the measurement of the following properties: density, water absorption capacity, compressive strength and heavy metals release upon leaching. It was demonstrated that the granules can be classified as lightweight aggregate with mechanical strength strongly dependent on the type of binder. Concrete mixes were prepared with the granulated artificial aggregate and tested for in-service performance, proving to be suitable for the manufacture of standard concrete blocks in all the cases investigated.