Integrated assessment of CCS in the German power plant sector with special emphasis on the competition with renewable energy technologies

The study presents the results of an integrated assessment of carbon capture and storage (CCS) in the power plant sector in Germany, with special emphasis on the competition with renewable energy technologies. Assessment dimensions comprise technical, economic and environmental aspects, long-term scenario analysis, the role of stakeholders and public acceptance and regulatory issues. The results lead to the overall conclusion that there might not necessarily be a need to focus additionally on CCS in the power plant sector. Even in case of ambitious climate protection targets, current energy policy priorities (expansion of renewable energies and combined heat and power plants as well as enhanced energy productivity) result in a limited demand for CCS. In case that the large energy saving potential aimed for can only partly be implemented, the rising gap in CO₂ reduction could only be closed by setting up a CCS-maximum strategy. In this case, up to 22% (41 GW) of the totally installed load in 2050 could be based on CCS. Assuming a more realistic scenario variant applying CCS to only 20 GW or lower would not be sufficient to reach the envisaged climate targets in the electricity sector. Furthermore, the growing public opposition against CO₂ storage projects appears as a key barrier, supplemented by major uncertainties concerning the estimation of storage potentials, the long-term cost development as well as the environmental burdens which abound when applying a life-cycle approach. However, recently, alternative applications are being increasingly considered?Cthat is the capture of CO₂ at industrial point sources and biomass based energy production (electricity, heat and fuels) where assessment studies for exploring the potentials, limits and requirements for commercial use are missing so far. Globally, CCS at power plants might be an important climate protection technology: coal-consuming countries such as China and India are increasingly moving centre stage into the debate. Here, similar investigations on the development and the integration of both, CCS and renewable energies, into the individual energy system structures of such countries would be reasonable.     

A dual-mesh approach to ring-rolling simulations with emphasis on remeshing

In this paper, we present a ring-rolling simulation technique, with emphasis on remeshing capabilities. The technique is based on a dual-mesh approach, in which a finite element analysis model is divided into fine sectors and coarse sectors, and three different kinds of remeshing are used. The first of these, which is obligatory, replaces a coarse sector with a fine sector when the coarse sector approaches a plastic deformation zone. The second and third kinds, which are introduced in this study, respectively involve changing the number of sectors and changing the grid system of the frames used to construct the sectors. These remeshing schemes are discussed in detail, and several applications are utilized to demonstrate their characteristics and capabilities in the dual-mesh approach to ring-rolling simulations.     

Mini-review on river eutrophication and bottom improvement techniques,with special emphasis on the Nakdong River

Water quality in rivers is vital to humans and to maintenance of biotic and ecological integrity. During the Four Major Rivers restoration of South Korea, remarkable attempts have been made to decrease external nutrient loads and moveable weirs were designed to discharge silt that may deposit in pools. However, recently eutrophication of the Nakdong River, which was limited to the lower reaches, is seen to be spreading upstream. The reduction of external nutrient loads to rivers is a long-term goal that is unlikely to lead to reductions in algal blooms for many years because of the time required to implement effective land management strategies. It would therefore be desirable to implement complementary strategies. Regulating the amount of water released is effective at preventing algae blooms in weir pools; so, the relationship between discharge, stratification and bloom formation should be understood in this regard. However, pollutants are likely to accumulate in the riverbed upstream from release points. Thus, to control phosphorus levels, total phosphorus density should be lowered by applying in-river techniques as well. As many ecosystem properties are controlled by multiple processes, simultaneous river bottom improvement techniques, such as combined dissolved oxygen supply and nutrient inactivation, are likely to be effective. The purpose of this review is to present a series of technological approaches that can be used to improve the river bottom area and hence sediment nutrient release, and to illustrate the application of these techniques to the Nakdong River.     

江西钨矿床主要成因类型及找矿潜力分析

在江西省钨矿资源潜力评价工作的基础上,总结江西钨矿床的主要成因类型,主要有岩浆热液石英脉型、岩体型、斑岩型、矽卡岩型和云英岩型等钨矿床,分别论述各类型典型矿床的地质特征,分析各类型钨矿床找矿方向并预测其资源潜力。共圈定钨成矿远景区13处,运用含矿地质体体积法预测全省各类型钨矿资源潜力,分别为:岩浆热液石英脉型500万吨、岩体型200万吨、斑岩型约16万吨、矽卡岩型350万吨、云英岩型约50万吨。指出江西钨矿的找矿重点,一是赣北地区钨矿成矿规律研究,提出找矿模型;二是加强深部找矿理论研究,寻找隐伏矿床;三是深入其它类型钨矿(除石英脉型)研究,特别是最具找矿潜力的大湖塘式岩体——石英脉复合型钨矿和朱溪式矽卡岩型钨铜矿,可作为该区下一步找矿的主攻方向。     

离子色谱法测定植物叶片中氟的探讨

植物叶片中氟的测定一般采用离子选择电极法,离子色谱法对其测定还鲜见报道,本文对用离子色谱方法测定植物叶片中的氟进行了探讨。     

Diel flight behaviour and dispersal patterns of aquatic Coleoptera and Heteroptera species with special emphasis on the importance of seasons

Dispersal flight is the most important and almost the only way for primary aquatic insects to find new water habitats. During a 30-week-long project, we monitored the flight dispersal behaviour of aquatic beetles and bugs with using highly and horizontally polarizing agricultural black plastic sheets laid onto the ground. Based on the flight data of more than 45,000 individuals and 92 species, we explored and described eight different diel flight activity patterns. We found that seven of eight dispersal patterns are consistent with the previous knowledge, while three conspicuous mass dispersal periods can be identified as in the mid morning and/or around noon and/or at nightfall. As an exception, we found a ‘daytime’ pattern occurred exclusively in spring, in which mass dispersal can be seen from mid morning to late afternoon. In contrast to previous studies, we emphasize here that the seasonality has to be considered in evaluation of the diurnal flight activity. According to the seasons, a ‘three code sign’ was proposed to indicate the diel dispersal flight behaviour of a species for a year. Most of the species utilize different diel activity patterns in different seasons. In spring, the daytime pattern was the preferred type, but in summer and autumn, the evening types were the most popular patterns. We stated that the seasonal change of air temperature has a crucial role in that a pattern could be manifested in a given season or not and brings a need to change the diel dispersal pattern among seasons.     

建设项目水资源论证实例分析

本文以北京市某商业金融项目取水水资源论证为例,从建设项目区域水资源现状、取用水量合理性分析、取用水可靠性可行性分析及退水影响等几个方面对商业建设项目水资源利用情况进行详细论述,对比分析业主提出的取水方案,本次按定额计算所得水量分别较业主所提用水方案减少了29．68％和42．03％。达到了较高的节水水平。最终总结归纳出城市市政自来水项目水资源论证的特点及工作中需要注意的问题,对城市市政自来水取用水水资源论证工作具有一定的指导意义。     

海洋空间资源性资产产权制度效率的测度

以建立高效率的海洋空间资源性资产产权制度目标,本文尝试建立海洋空间资源性资产产权制度效率的测度模型,为产权制度的选择和变革提供依据。产权制度效率是指产权制度成本与产权制度效益之间的对比关系。因此,本文首先对其产权制度的成本及产权制度的效益的构成进行分析,然后给出计算或评估的方法,最后对产权制度成本与产权制度效益的计算或评估结果进行比较,从而得到产权制度效率的测度模型。     

海域资源性资产价值评估初探

在探讨海域资源性资产基本内涵的基础上,从劳动价值论、效用价值论和功能价值论等角度探讨了价值构成;结合国内外有关研究成果,对影响海域资源性资产价值评估的因素进行了系统分析,并提出相应的价值评估方法与模型,利用经济手段强化海域资产管理,以便有效利用海域这一稀缺的自然资源.     

研究建立再生资源回收利用数据库

回顾近年来再生资源回收利用发布的数据,对国家和行业制定法律、法规、政策、规划和计划起了一定的参谋作用,但缺乏权威性、规范化和准确度,数据相互矛盾的现象时常发生。提供准确数据,既为制定法律、法规、规划和计划提供科学依据,又是相关行业为政府机关和企业服务的重要内容。建立再生资源回收利用数据库迫在眉睫。并提出研究和建立再生资源回收利用数据库的建议。     

海岸带资源的价值研究

从历史的角度 ,分析了海岸带资源的价值观 ,认为海岸带资源是有价值的 ,并提出了海岸带资源的价值构成 ,着重阐述了海岸带资源的生态价值。文章最后讨论了海岸带资源价值的确定和实现。本文为对海岸带资源实施资产化管理以及促进海岸带资源的可持续利用提供了理论依据。     

镉对植物光合作用的影响

本文从光合作用色素、光合组织、光合作用过程、光合速率等方面概述了近些年来 Cd对植物光合作用影响的研究进展 ,并结合我们的研究进行了讨论。     

再生资源回收利用体系建设对城市环境和资源循环利用的作用

指出城市再生资源回收行业现状严重制约城市环境的健康发展,提出建立科学规范的再生资源回收利用网络体系是实现城市环境健康发展的必然要求,同时对行业发展提出具体建议。     

Indigenous bacteria may interfere with the biocontrol of plant diseases

Prodigiosin is a reddish antibiotic pigment that plays an important role in the biocontrol of plant diseases by the bacterium Serratia marcescens. However, its activity is unstable under agricultural conditions; further, it can be degraded by various environmental factors. To examine the effect of epiphytic microbes on the stability of prodigiosin used for biological control processes, we collected a total of 1,280 bacterial isolates from the phylloplane of cyclamen and tomato plants. Approximately 72% of the bacterial strains isolated from the cyclamen plants and 66% of those isolated from the tomato plants grew on minimal agar medium containing 100 μg ml⁻¹ prodigiosin. Certain isolates obtained from both plant species exhibited prodigiosin-degrading activity. We compared the 16S rRNA gene sequences derived from the isolates with sequences in a database. The comparison revealed that the sequences determined for the prodigiosin-degrading isolates were homologous to those of the genera Pseudomonas, Caulobacter, Rhizobium, Sphingomonas, Janthinobacterium, Novosphingobium, and Rathayibacter. These results indicate that indigenous epiphytic microorganisms may interfere with the interaction between plant pathogens and biocontrol agents by degrading the antibiotics produced by the agents.     

厌氧-混凝工艺处理造纸厂终端废水试验研究

本文报告了用厌氧 -混凝工艺处理造纸厂终端废水的实验情况 ,在最佳实验条件下 ,废水从CODcr80 6 . 7m g/ L、BOD52 10 . 5 m g/ L、SS2 15 . 7m g/ L、OD4 650 . 35 0降至 CODcr6 1. 5 m g/ L、BOD52 7. 4m g/ L、SS17.3mg/ L、OD4 650 .0 11。实验结果表明对造纸厂终端废水的治理 ,本工艺是很有实用价值的一种方法     

基于循环经济的旅游资源开发与保护

本文基于目前环境保护中的循环经济理论,结合旅游资源开发保护的现状,从而将循环经济的3R原则引入旅游资源的开发保护中,并提出了应该顺应目前“绿色旅游”这种新旅游趋势进行旅游资源的开发利用规划,最终走上旅游的可持续发展。     

龙岩市餐厨垃圾资源化利用工艺技术研究

介绍了龙岩市餐厨垃圾处理现状,提出了餐厨垃圾资源化利用设施建设的紧迫性,分析了龙垃圾产量与组分,通过比选,确定了以厌氧产沼气为目标的工艺技术路线.     

胶州湾环境变化对海洋生物资源的影响

根据近年来胶州湾水域的研究,分析胶州湾周围区域的人类活动、胶州湾水域的环境变化以及胶州湾浮游植物的生态变化过程,揭示了人类对生态环境的影响和营养盐Si、水温对海洋生态系统影响,确定了海洋生物资源下降的原因。研究结果表明,在人类的活动中,营养盐Si的缺乏和水温的上升就会引起海洋生态系统食物链的基础改变,就会引起海洋生态系统的正常运行改变,造成海洋生物资源的下降。作者认为,在人类的活动中,首先要考虑输入大海的营养盐Si,其次要关注大海的水温变化,为海洋生态的持续发展做出积极的贡献。