中国安全社区建设的若干对策探讨

简要论述了安全社区和安全促进的概念以及国内外安全社区建设的发展状况 ,介绍了世界卫生组织安全社区的认可标准及其有关指标。笔者提出了中国安全社区建设若干建议和对策 ,尽快制定我国安全社区建设标准及其考核管理办法 ,将安全社区建设作为和谐社会、全面小康社会建设的重要组成部分 ,把安全社区建设作为公共安全、事故预防体系、应急救援体系和安全文化建设的基石 ,将社区安全水平纳入各级政府政绩考核和经济社会发展水平评价体系 ,积极开展安全社区建设的跨学科合作研究 ,开展城市安全社区与农村安全社区的建设试点工作。     

共同构建和谐社会的安全生产网

为了解我县相关部门依法履行安全生产职责的情况,最近我县人大常委会进行了一次<安全生产法>执法检查活动,并收到了预期的效果.本文拟就参加这次执法检查中发现的问题,谈谈如何坚持以处理好"五个关系"为切入点,改进和加强<安全生产法>的执法和监管问题,供政府及有关部门研究参考.     

安全社区宣言 安全——普遍的关注 共同的责任

近年来安全社区建设在我国开展得如火如荼,"人人平等享有安全与健康的权利"这句话被经常提到,本文作者将其出处第一届世界事故与伤害预防大会上通过的《安全社区宣言》译成中文,以期促进人们对安全社区建设的理解。     

关于在老城区开展安全社区建设的思考

北京市景山街道,地处皇城根下,位于北京市东城区西部,故宫东北侧.东依东四北大街,西至景山东街、景山后街、地安门内大街东侧,南临东四西大街、"五四"大街、景山前街,北靠地安门东大街、张自忠路,南北长1024m,东西长1702m,总面积为1.52km2.由7条大街,5条街,77条胡同组成.现有9个社区,实际户数12170户,32377人;其中,流动人口4590人,占常住人口数的14.25%;失业人员3452人,占常住人口数的10.7%;残疾人952人,占常住人口数的2.9%.有居民院1721个,居民楼70栋(含简易楼、木制楼及居民自行接出的二层楼).由于老城区受诸多因素的影响,造成硬件安全设施差,人员安全意识差的局面.实际生活水平及生活条件比世界卫生组织认可的安全社区要求差别较大,与世界卫生组织认定的安全社区相差更为遥远,但是人人享有安全,人人享有健康的理念是平等的.     

高危人群伤害干预——安全社区建设之关键内容

<正>伤害严重威胁着人类的健康和生命,是一个重要的公共卫生问题,也是世界各国的主要死亡原因之一。多年来,中国政府对伤害的预防、救治及研究工作给予了高度重视,采取了一些相应的措施,使伤害的增长得到一定程度的遏制。2004年以来,国家安全生产监督管理总局通过抓基层、     

加强安全生产是建设和谐社会的重要举措

党的十六届六中全会作出的《中共中央关于构建社会主义和谐社会若干重大问题的决定》.六中全会提出,在社会主义和谐社会的系统工程中,安全生产始终是重要的因素之一.《决定》把安全生产作为目前存在的影响社会和谐的矛盾和问题之一,作为群众最关心、最直接、最现实的问题,列为构建社会主义和谐社会的切入点、着力点;重申和强调了"安全发展"的科学理念和指导原则;明确了公共安全和安全生产工作的社会管理定位,把加强安全生产作为和谐社会建设的重要举措.这些重要的论述,都体现了党对安全生产认识的提高和工作思路的深化.我们要深刻理解和把握,用全会精神统一思想,扎实推动安全发展,使安全生产工作更好地服务于构建社会主义和谐社会的伟大事业.     

安全发展在构建和谐社会中的意义

安全问题一直是党和国家关注的重点问题,安全问题涉及到工业化时代的各行各业和社会生活的各个方面.随着严峻的安全生产事故、道路交通事故、食品卫生事故接连发生,因安全生产导致的环境污染事故不断出现,社会风险不断增多,社会治安问题日益严重,资源、能源、环境问题日益成为经济快速发展的制肘等,安全发展已成为党和国家必需解决的重大问题.     

公共安全管理在社会和谐发展中的作用

介绍了公共安全管理对社会和谐发展的促进作用.首先,给出了新时期公共安全管理的定义方式,并通过定义,分析出公共安全管理的时代特征.其次,分析介绍了我国目前在公共安全管理方面存在的主要问题,并重点指出加强公共安全管理的途径.最后,作者借助两个通俗的理论强调了在加强公共安全管理过程中应注意的问题.     

Making safety training stickier: A richer model of safety training engagement and transfer

Introduction: Compared to other types of occupational training, safety training suffers from several unique challenges that potentially impair the engagement of learners and their subsequent application or “transfer” of knowledge and skills upon returning to the job. However, existing research on safety training tends to focus on specific factors in isolation, such as design features and social support. The aim of this research is to develop an overarching theoretical framework that integrates factors contributing to training engagement and transfer. Method: We conducted a comprehensive qualitative review of safety training research that was published between 2010 and 2020. We searched Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, yielding 147 articles, and 38 were included. We content analyzed article summaries to arrive at core themes and combined them with contemporary models of general occupational training to develop a rich model of safety training engagement and transfer. Results: We propose that training engagement is a combination of pre-training factors such as individual, organizational, and contextual factors, that interact with design and delivery factors. Safety training engagement is conceptualized as a three-component psychological state: affective, cognitive, and behavioral. Organizations should prioritize pre-training readiness modules to address existing attitudes and beliefs, optimize the safety training transfer climate, and critically reflect on their strategy to design and deliver safety training so that engagement is maximized. Conclusions: There are practical factors that organizations can use before training (e.g., tailoring training to employees’ characteristics), during training (e.g., ensuring trainer credibility and use of adult learning principles), and after training (e.g., integrating learned concepts into systems). Practical Applications: For safety training to ‘stick,’ workers should be affectively, cognitively, and behaviorally engaged in learning, which will result in new knowledge and skills, improvements in attitudes, and new safety behaviors in the workplace. To enable engagement, practitioners must apply adult learning principles, make the training relevant, and tailor the training to the job and individual needs. After training, ensure concepts are embedded and aligned with existing systems and routines to promote transfer.     

我国事故指标与经济社会发展指标多元回归分析

以安全生产相对指标工矿商贸十万就业人员生产安全事故死亡率为研究对象,通过文献调研分析,最终从经济发展、经济发展结构、经济活动水平和社会活动水平角度筛选出14个指标为观察对象,采用逐步多元回归分析法筛选出影响我国安全生产的主要经济社会发展指标为：第三产业增加值产值占GDP比重、第三产业就业人数占总就业人数的比重和固定资产投资增长速度,并建立了回归模型。应用弹性系数法对主要影响因素进行重要性排序,并推测工矿商贸就业人员十万人事故死亡率将保持持续下降的趋势。     

The safety policies and practices of community multi-purpose recreation facilities

This research investigated the under-explored area of safety in multi-purpose recreation facilities (MPRFs). Facility managers and other managerial staff (key informants) from four MPRFs in Victoria, Australia participated in semi-structured interviews. Safety was considered important from Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S), business viability and legal liability perspectives but not from a health promotion or public health point of view. Most implemented injury prevention measures required gymnasium and pool staff or users to change their behaviours. Awareness of safety standards was higher for some operational areas (e.g. aquatics, child-care) than others (e.g. gymnasium, group fitness activities). Key informants struggled to keep abreast of legislation changes and they relied on commercial, regulatory, and industry information sources rather than evidence of best practice. Reported factors influencing safety in MPRFs were classified into three types: internal (e.g. training, culture); external (e.g. weather, demographic change); and governance (e.g. insurance, industry standards). Comprehensive, relevant and accessible industry safety standards, which focus not only on OH&S but equally on health promotion principles and public health perspectives linked to injury prevention, are required. Training is needed to reflect these broader and equally important perspectives. Health/injury, fitness/recreation and insurance sector links should be improved to ensure a consistent, sustainable approach to safety.     

国外安全社区实地考察纪实--记中国职业安全健康协会考察团赴挪威、匈牙利参加国际安全社区大会及考察

应世界卫生组织(以下简称WHO)社区安全促进合作中心主席温茨朗(Leif Svanstrom)教授和挪威卑尔根市市长富里拉(HermanFriele)先生邀请,2005年6月10日～24日,中国职业安全健康协会组团赴挪威、匈牙利参加第十四届国际安全社区大会及考察.现将出席国际会议及考察的主要情况报告如下:     

Sea transport safety — A challenge to European maritime society

Safety matters are boring, bothersome or just a cost factor. These are some of the arguments which prevent safety issues from being treated in the same way as, for example, transport logistics, i.e., rationally aiming at optimum results. National legal evolutions, resulting in distinct rules and regulations, are another handicap for a European approach to common marine safety standards. Political changes within the European Community offer a chance to create a marine safety system which complies with developments in shipping, operational practices, and requirements resulting from casualty investigations and statistics. The establishment of a European Marine Transport Safety Board under the umbrella of a European Transport Safety Board is proposed to mutually benefit from road, rail, air and sea transport knowledge.     

社区安全脆弱性评估模型的构建与应用

为了准确衡量社区的安全水平,提出了社区安全脆弱性的概念模型,并分析社区安全脆弱性的影响因素。通过由人员特征、基础设施、社区环境和管理水平构成的结构性因素和由自然风险、人为风险构成的胁迫性因素,构建出社区安全脆弱性评估模型,并选取3个代表性社区进行实证分析。结果表明:社区安全脆弱性评估模型计算得出的社区安全脆弱性指数,与社区安全的评估水平相吻合,能够准确反映出社区安全状况。     

Making work safer: Testing a model of social exchange and safety management

Introduction

This study tests a conceptual model that focuses on social exchange in the context of safety management. The model hypothesizes that supportive safety policies and programs should impact both safety climate and organizational commitment. Further, perceived organizational support is predicted to partially mediate both of these relationships.

Methods

Study outcomes included traditional outcomes for both organizational commitment (e.g., withdrawal behaviors) as well as safety climate (e.g., self-reported work accidents). Questionnaire responses were obtained from 1,723 employees of a large national retailer.

Results

Using structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques, all of the model's hypothesized relationships were statistically significant and in the expected directions. The results are discussed in terms of social exchange in organizations and research on safety climate.

Impact on Industry

Maximizing safety is a social-technical enterprise. Expectations related to social exchange and reciprocity figure prominently in creating a positive climate for safety within the organization.