共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
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多环芳烃是一类具有致癌、致畸、致突变性质的持久性有机污染物,主要来源于煤、石油等燃料的不完全燃烧,易吸附于固体颗粒表面和有机腐殖质,化学结构稳定,能长期存在于自然环境,给人类健康和生态环境带来很大的危害。中国土壤多环芳烃污染严重,因此急需寻求有效的修复方法进行治理。在众多的多环芳烃污染修复方法中,微生物修复因其低成本、高效、污染少等优点成为研究热点。科学家们从自然界中分离出了多种细菌、真菌等具有降解多环芳烃能力的微生物,并对多环芳烃的降解机理进行了探索,结果表明,微生物在代谢活动过程中能够产生酶来实现对土壤中多环芳烃的降解。细菌主要通过产生双加氧酶来催化多环芳烃的加氧反应,而真菌可以通过分泌木质素降解酶系或单加氧酶来氧化多环芳烃。两种途径均是首先通过降低多环芳烃的稳定性,使之容易被进一步降解。目前,微生物修复技术正逐步应用于PAHs污染土壤的实地修复,且已取得一定成效。文章简要介绍了降解多环芳烃的微生物,对多环芳烃的微生物降解机制进行了综述,讨论了影响微生物修复过程的因素,列举了常见的微生物修复相关技术,展望了今后的研究趋势。 相似文献
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土壤和地下水中多环芳烃生物降解研究进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
多环芳烃是一类普遍存在于环境中的难降解的危险性"三致"有机污染物。受污染的土壤和地下水中的多环芳烃,生物降解是其归宿的主要途径。研究表明,对于土壤中低分子量多环芳烃类化合物,微生物一般以唯一碳源方式代谢;而大多数细菌和真菌对四环或四环以上的多环芳烃的降解作用一般以共代谢方式开始。文章重点论述了多环芳烃的来源、降解多环芳烃的微生物、生物降解机理、影响生物降解的因素以及生物修复方法。认为今后的研究方向是高分子量多环芳烃的降解机理与降解途径,基因工程技术在多环芳烃生物降解方面的应用,以及生物表面活性剂产生的机理及其在实际处理中的应用等。 相似文献
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黄浦江底泥对多环芳烃吸附机理的研究 总被引:17,自引:1,他引:17
本文主要介绍黄浦江底泥对以蒽为代表性物质的多环芳烃的吸附研究,着重探讨其吸附机理,在实验条件下,黄浦江底泥对蒽的吸附属多分子层吸附,可用de BoerZwikker公式所表示的极化模型较好地描述,这表明原描述非极性气相分子在极性吸附剂上吸附的多分子层极化模型可应用于稀溶液中溶剂化蒽分子在极性吸附剂上的吸附过程,本研究认为吸附等温线上出现阶梯状形式是由于蒽-甲醇分子的溶剂作用及底泥颗粒的表面不均匀性 相似文献
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建立了环形扩散管采集环境空气中气态多环芳烃的方法,采用平行实验分别比较了不同涂渍介质和不同吸附树脂对采样效率的影响.结果表明,利用正己烷作为涂渍介质、以XAD-2吸附树脂作为吸附剂涂渍的环形扩散管在二级串联使用的情况下,目标化合物的采样效率在92.21%-99.14%之间,采样效率的相对标准偏差在0.18%-2.2%之间,采样效率高且稳定,可满足不同环境下采样的要求.在采样体积为13.7m3的情况下,多环芳烃的检出限为2.06ng·m-3.利用该方法对北京市城区环境空气中气态多环芳烃的浓度进行了测定,春季和夏季气态多环芳烃的总浓度在498.29-1054.66ng·m-3之间,其中二环和三环的芳烃占优势,有一定量的四环芳烃,但高环数芳烃基本无检出. 相似文献
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中国饮用水中多环芳烃的分布和健康风险评价 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
饮用水中存在的多环芳烃对人类的身体健康会产生危害。应用固相萃取富集法和气相色谱?质谱联用(GC/MS)分析方法对全国主要城市的80座自来水厂出水中多环芳烃的浓度进行了分析。结果表明:各自来水厂的出水中多环芳烃总量在174.02-658.44ng.L-1之间,其中致癌性多环芳烃的总量为55.08-173.36ng.L-1,致癌性多环芳烃占多环芳烃总量比例最高可达到49.68%。就其组成而言,出水中多环芳烃以3环芳烃(31%-37%)为主,但各环均有检出;通过评价水体健康风险,得到水厂出水中多环芳烃对人体的健康风险值是10-6a-1。 相似文献
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双模板分子印迹微球的制备及其在海水溶液中的分子识别行为研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以萘和蒽为双模板分子,以甲基丙烯酸为功能单体、二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯为交联剂、聚乙烯醇(PVA)为分散剂,通过悬浮聚合制备了双模板分子印迹微球.采用紫外光谱法分析了双模板分子印迹效应产生的机制,用静态吸附实验考察了印迹微球对海水中2—3环多环芳烃的吸附选择性,并以分子印迹-分散固相微萃取法分析了海水中2—3环的多环芳烃.结果表明,双模板-功能单体分子间的多位点协同作用,优化了分子印迹材料的印迹孔穴,提高了双模板分子印迹微球的分子识别能力;所制备的双模板分子印迹材料使用3次后其选择识别性能未显著降低,显示出其富集与分离海水样品中2—3环多环芳烃的良好前景. 相似文献
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黄河三角洲地区湿地土壤对多环芳烃的吸附特征 总被引:13,自引:1,他引:13
以黄河三角洲湿地土壤为对象,研究菲和苯并[a]芘(BaP)在土壤中的吸附特性.结果表明:菲和BaP在黄河三角洲地区湿地土壤的吸附速率都较快,均能在48h内达到平衡;土壤对菲和BaP的吸附等温线均呈线形,能较好地符合线性和Freundlich方程,样品经H2O2处理后对PAHs的吸附量明显降低,表明土壤中有机与无机矿物组分在吸附过程的作用不同;湿地土壤对多环芳烃的吸附明显存在固体效应,随着土壤颗粒物粒径和体系离子强度的增大,土壤的吸附容量都在降低. 相似文献
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多环芳烃(PAHs)在土壤-植物系统中的环境行为 总被引:23,自引:0,他引:23
PAHs具有强致癌性,它在环境中的污染问题日益受到重视。文章综合评述样品中PAHs分析过程所用提取剂的种类、提取方法和检测方法;土壤中PAHs的来源、含量、分布及其影响因素;PAHs在土壤中的吸附和解吸;PAHs在环境中的降解及降解PAHs的微生物类群;PAHs在植物体内的含量、分布及其影响因素。提出了今后值得加强研究的方面。 相似文献
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多环芳烃生物修复中的表面活性剂 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
由于其致癌、致突变和致畸性,多环芳烃(PAHs)成为环境中一类重要的有机污染物。生物修复是一种经济和有效的修复污染土壤的方法。由于PAHs低的水溶性、强的吸附性,使其生物可利用性降低,不利于生物修复。添加表面活性剂是一种常见的加强PAHs生物利用性的方法。文章概述了近年来在多环芳烃生物修复中关于表面活性剂的研究进展。 相似文献
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白洋淀湿地表层沉积物多环芳烃的分布、来源及生态风险评价 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
对白洋淀湿地表层沉积物15种多环芳烃含量进行了检测.结果表明,其总含量范围为324.6~1738.5ng·g-1,整体来看,白洋淀湿地多环芳烃污染处于中等偏低污染水平.多环芳烃组成主要以2~3环、4环为主,其含量分别占总含量的47.8%、28.6%.白洋淀湿地表层沉积物多环芳烃主要以化石燃料、木柴及生物质低温燃烧来源为主,个别样点受油类排放污染严重.风险评价表明,严重的多环芳烃生态风险在白洋淀湿地表层沉积物中不存在,但是在部分区域某些多环芳烃含量超过了效应区间低值(ERL),可能存在着对生物的潜在危害. 相似文献
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Jianqiu LIU Yaobin ZHANG Hong CHEN Yazhi ZHAO Xie QUAN 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2009,3(1):69-74
In order to investigate the contribution of various black carbon (BC) contents to nonlinearity of sorption and desorption isotherms for acetochlor on sediment, equilibrium sorption and desorption isotherms were determined to measure sorption and desorption of acetochlor in sediment amended with various amounts of BC. In this paper, two types of BC referred to as BC400 and BC500 were prepared at 400°C and 500°C, respectively. Higher preparation temperature facilitated the formation of micropores on BC to enhance its sorption capacity. Increase of the BC content obviously increased the sorption amount and reduced the desorption amount for acetochlor. When the BC500 contents in total organic carbon (TOC) increased from 0 to 60%, Freundlich sorption coefficient (K f) increased from 4.07 to 35.74, and desorption hysteresis became gradually obvious.When the content of BC in TOC was lower than 23%, the sorption isotherm had a significant linear correlation (p = 50.05). In case of desorption, a significant nonlinear change could be observed when the content of BC was up to 13%. Increase of BC content in the sediment would result in shifting the sorption-desorption isotherms from linearity to nonlinearity, which indicated that contribution of BC to nonlinear adsorption fraction became gradually remarkable. 相似文献
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Lixia JIN Mengchang HE Jinghuan ZHANG 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2012,6(1):59-65
Sorption isotherms of galaxolide (HHCB) of different fractions from two sediments with different mineral and organic carbon contents were determined to compare HHCB sorption behavior and contribution to the total sorption. The HHCB sorption isotherms that used the batch equilibration method were studied on different sediments of different fractions. The sorption isotherms of 600°C heating fractions were detailed using the linear model, while the other fractions were nonlinear and fitted well with the Freundlich model. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removed, NaOH extracted, and 375°C heating fractions showed more nonlinear sorption than the original sediments, which suggested more heterogeneous sorption sites in these fractions. Compared to the original sediments, the 375°C heating fractions had higher carbonnormalized distribution coefficient (K oc) values, indicating a higher sorption affinity for HHCB. Among the different sediment fractions, the contribution of the 600°C heating fractions to the overall sorption were the lowest (< 20%), while the 375°C heating fractions were the highest (up to 85%). 相似文献
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Distribution pattern of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in particle-size fractions of coking plant soils from different depth 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Xiaoyong Liao Dong Ma Xiulan Yan Linsheng Yang 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2013,35(3):271-282
The concentrations of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in four size fractions (<2, 2–20, 20–200, >200 μm) in soils at different depth from a heavily contaminated crude benzol production facility of a coking plant were determined using GC–MS. Vertically, elevated total PAHs concentrations were observed in the soils at 3.0–4.5 m (layer B) and 6.0–7.5 m (layer C), relatively lower at 1.5–3.0 m (layer A) and 10.5–12.0 m (layer D). At all sampling sites, the silt (2–20 μm) contained the highest PAHs concentration (ranged from 726 to 2,711 mg/kg). Despite the substantial change in PAHs concentrations in soils with different particle sizes and lithologies, PAHs composition was similarly dominated by 2–3 ring species (86.5–98.3 %), including acenaphthene, fluorene, and phenanthrene. For the contribution of PAHs mass in each fraction to the bulk soil, the 20–200 μm size fraction had the greatest accumulation of PAHs in loamy sand layers at 1.0–7.5 m, increasing with depth; while in deeper sand layer at 10.5–12.0 m, the >200 μm size fraction showed highest percentages and contributed 81 % of total PAHs mass. For individual PAH distribution, the 2–3 ring PAHs were highly concentrated in the small size fraction (<2 and 2–20 μm); the 4–6 ring PAHs showed the highest concentrations in the 2–20 μm size fraction, increasing with depth. The distribution of PAHs was primarily determined by the sorption on soil organic matter and the characteristics of PAHs. This research should have significant contribution to PAH migration study and remediation design for PAHs-contaminated sites. 相似文献