10kV配电站电磁场对周边环境的影响分析

介绍了极低频电磁场对人体的影响,结合城市居民对10kV配电站电磁场的投诉情况,分析了10kV配电站电磁场对周边居民的影响,提出了对10kV配电站的电磁辐射防治对策。     

某中型水电站作业环境极低频电磁场安全

通过对云南省昭通高桥水电站作业环境中极低频电磁场的实际测量,研究和讨论了中型水电站工程产生的电磁辐射对作业环境的影响,并提出防护建议.     

射频电磁辐射对人体健康的危害

电磁辐射分为电离辐射和非电离辐射.射频电磁辐射属非电离辐射,是人体能吸收的整个电磁辐射波谱中的一部分,包括长波、中波、短波、超短波和微波,频率A30千赫～300千兆赫.射频电磁辐射分为自然电磁辐射和人为电磁辐射.自然界的电磁辐射主要来自太阳辐射、地球电磁场(包括雷电等),辐射强度大约为10微瓦/平方厘米.人为射频电磁辐射源主要有广播电视系统的发射塔、人造卫星通讯系统的地面站、各种雷达站、高空低频电磁辐射系统的高压输电线路和变电站、利用电磁场的各种高频设备、电力机车运输线和微波炉.     

微机使用与人身安全

１微机的大量使用在为社会创造巨 大的财富的同时也对人们的身体健康 造成了损害。现就使用微机必须注意 的几个问题谈点浅薄看法。 一、电磁辐射的危害及防止 从医学角度上讲，人体在电磁场 中吸收辐射能量会受到不同程度地损 害，能引起中枢神经功能失调、心悸、 白血球变化，以及损伤眼睛、引发白内 障等。 虽然电磁场看不见摸不着，但重 视其危害、加强对微机的防护很有必 要。要防止微机电磁辐射对人体的危 害，主要通过以下途径： １、尽量远离电磁场源。电磁场、电 磁辐射对人体的影响，和人与电磁场 源之间的距离的平方成反比。假若…     

电磁环境胁迫对铜绿微囊藻氧化应激和光合固碳酶的影响作用研究

研究了3种典型电磁环境(射频电磁辐射(RF-EMF)、极低频电磁场(ELF-EMF)、交变电场(AEF))胁迫对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)细胞氧化应激(超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA))和光合固碳酶(核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶(Rubisco)、果糖-1,6-二磷酸醛缩酶(FBA))的影响作用.结果表明,短期和长期RF-EMF、ELF-EMF及AEF暴露胁迫铜绿微囊藻细胞,总体能极显著提高藻细胞的SOD活性(p0.01).铜绿微囊藻经RF-EMF、ELF-EMF及AEF短期暴露处理后,均极显著提高了藻细胞内MDA含量(p0.01);铜绿微囊藻经RFEMF、AEF长期暴露处理后,藻细胞内MDA含量极显著降低(p0.01).RF-EMF暴露处理铜绿微囊藻,总体能显著提高藻细胞Rubisco酶活性(p0.05).长期RF-EMF、AEF和ELF-EMF暴露下的铜绿微囊藻,总体表现出FBA酶活性极显著降低(p0.01).以上结果说明,RF-EMF、ELFEMF、AEF均能够诱导铜绿微囊藻发生氧化应激反应.而RF-EMF能够对铜绿微囊藻细胞参与光合作用的关键酶(Rubisco和FBA)产生一定的调控作用,表明射频电磁波能够在一定程度上影响铜绿微囊藻细胞的光合作用.     

电偶极子的各向异性辐射特性

目的研究均匀各向异性介质中电磁源的辐射特性及其规律。方法基于电磁场的方向多长度标准理论,建立各向异性介质中标量势的达朗伯方程,求解微分方程得到推迟形式的标量势和矢量势的解析表达式,通过与现有文献比较验证该表达式正确性。结果得到了电各向异性介质中电偶极子的辐射电磁场,当介质为各向同性介质时,所得辐射场与现有文献完全一致,数值仿真了电偶极的辐射特性和结果的物理机制。结论在各向异性介质中,电偶极的辐射特性具有各向异性特性,在某一方向观测时,与该方向垂直方向的介电常数越大,辐射越强。为各向异性介质如磁化等离子体等介质中雷达、天线的工程优化设计提供了理论基础。     

海洋环境水下电磁场基本特性及抑制方法研究

目的掌握环境水下电磁场的基本特性以及适宜的降噪方法。方法从时域、频域、相关与极化等方面对某海域进行分析,并对得到的大量海洋环境水下电磁场特性进行总结,基于分析结果,研究自适应线谱增强技术在海洋环境水下电磁场抑制方面的应用。结果海洋环境水下电磁场具有一定的规律性和随机性,利用自适应线谱增强技术,信号强度增加了6 dB。结论通过对环境电磁场基本特性以及抑制方法的研究,可以对舰船测试中环境电磁场的影响程度进行评估,并提高目标的探测能力。     

海洋环境水下电磁场激励源综述

通过总结海洋环境水下电磁场源的产生机理、基本特性、频带幅值以及观测方法,确定了不同海域普遍存在、影响程度较大并且规律性较强的场源。最终给出具有重要研究价值的典型场源,即海洋大地电磁场、海浪感应电磁场、海流感应电磁场和工频电磁场。     

工频电磁场对公众健康及风险感受影响调查

为调查工频电磁场对附近居民健康及风险感受的影响,对16条已投运110~500kV输电线两侧居民(n=615)开展问卷调查,根据输电线运行参数计算工频电磁场相对曝露强度,分析了工频电磁场对距线路中心50m内、外受调查者产生的健康影响差异,以及不同工频电磁场曝露强度、电压等级、塔型附近受调查者风险感受和负面情绪的均值差异,并通过多元线性逐步回归分析分别建立了工频电磁场公众风险感受、负面情绪与影响因素之间的最优回归模型.结果表明,工频电磁场对50m内和50m外受调查者产生健康影响的相对风险值为0.87;在本次调查的工频电磁场范围内(E<0.35kV/m,B<0.80 μT),公众风险感受和负面情绪受工频电磁场曝露强度影响很小,受输电线架线塔外观大小、塔型、既有身体状况等因素影响显著.     

电子废弃物处理与处置产业

电子废弃物 使用电流、电磁场工作的设备都叫电子设备；废弃不用的电子设备都属于电子废弃物，主要包括电冰箱、空调、洗衣机、电视机等家用电器和计算机、手机等电子产品以及打印机、传真机、墨盒、墨鼓等办公用品的淘汰品。电子废弃物俗称“电子垃圾”。     

食管癌高发区粮食防霉实验

磁县是我国食管癌高发区,当地居民饮食中霉菌及其毒素污染严重。为了从病因水平上预防肿瘤发生,进一步探讨了磁县食管癌高发区居民饮食防霉措施。本实验研究了防腐剂富马酸二甲酯（DMF）对磁县农户正在食用的储粮的抑霉防霉及抑菌作用。结果发现DMF可明显抑制粮食中霉菌的生长。小麦洗液培养56小时后DMF处理组霉菌菌落数平均为2.3个,而对照组可达123.7个,抑制率为95.15％。在含有DMF的培养基上霉菌不能生长。此外DMF还有明显抑菌作用,加DMF后48h即可抑制细菌生长,施药处出现明显的抑菌环。因此,应在食管癌高发区对农村储粮推广使用DMF防霉措施,以期通过降低霉菌及其毒素的污染,阻断食管癌的霉菌病因,进一步降低食管癌发病率。     

Polychlorinated biphenyls and omega-3 fatty acid exposure from fish consumption, and thyroid cancer among New York anglers

Fish from the Great Lakes contain polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)which have been shown to disrupt endocrine function and mimic thyroid hormones,but they also contain beneficial omega-3 fatty acids that may offer protection against endocrine cancers.The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Lake Ontario fish consumption and the estimated consumption of PCBs and omega-3 fatty acids on the risk of thyroid cancer in a group of sport fishermen.Anglers from the New York State Angler Cohort Study were followed for cancer incidence from 1991–2008.Twenty-seven cases of incident thyroid cancer and 108 controls were included in the analyses.Total estimated fish consumption,estimated omega-3 fatty acid consumption,and estimated PCB consumption from Lake Ontario fish were examined for an association with the incidence of thyroid cancer,while matching on sex,and controlling for age and smoking status.Results from logistic regression indicate no significant associations between fish consumption,short-term estimated omega-3 fatty acids,or estimated PCB consumption from Great Lakes fish and the development of thyroid cancer,but it was suggested that long-term omega-3 fatty acid from Great Lakes fish may be protective of the development of thyroid cancer.In conclusion,fish consumption,with the possible concomitant PCBs,from the Great Lakes does not appear to increase the risk of thyroid cancer in New York anglers.Further research is needed in order to separate the individual health effects of PCBs from omega-3 fatty acids contained within the fish.     

餐饮油烟中挥发性有机物风险评估

餐饮油烟中的挥发性有机物(VOCs)通过参与大气化学反应、气味效应、毒性效应影响室内外环境及人体健康. 分别于冬夏两季(6月和12月)用餐高峰时段对天津某中型餐馆排放油烟中VOCs进行实地监测,通过气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分析得出厨房油烟VOCs中主要污染物为乙醇和丙烷;餐馆油烟去除效率不足30%,对环境影响显著;醛类是影响油烟排放源臭气指数的主要污染物,油烟平均嗅阈值与丁醛嗅阈值相当;厨房排放油烟中含氧有机物和烯烃是其光化学活性的主要贡献者,油烟单位数浓度活性为3.8×10-12,与正己烷相当;厨房油烟中1,3-丁二烯、苯的致癌风险分别为1.3×10-3和1.6×10-5,存在较大的人群潜在致癌风险.      

Seasonal variation effects on the formation of trihalomethane during chlorination of water from Yangtze River and associated cancer risk assessment

For the system of water samples collected from Yangtze River,the effects of seasonal variation and Fe(III) concentrations on the formation and distribution of trihalomethanes (THMs) during chlorination have been investigated.The corresponding lifetime cancer risk of the formed THMs to human beings was estimated using the parameters and procedure issued by the US EPA.The results indicated that the average concentration of THMs (100.81 μg/L) in spring was significantly higher than that in other seasons,which ...     

有机氯农药与乳腺癌发病的环境流行病学研究

为探讨乳腺癌发病与有机氯农药污染的关系,采用分阶段整群随机抽样的方法,按乳腺癌标化发病率高低抽取11个乡镇,再随机抽取行政村、自然村.测定各乡镇大米和土壤样品中有机氯各指标的含量,结合各乡镇的乳腺癌发病资料,进行统计分析.结果表明,各乡镇的乳腺癌标化发病率存在统计学显著性差异;大米中d-HCH、g-HCH、五氯酚钠以及土壤的d-HCH含量在各乡镇间有显著性差异;乳腺癌标化发病率与大米中PP-DDD含量呈负相关,相关系数为-0.609.说明经过近20年的降解过程,DDT的衍生物含量最终以PP-DDD居多,并且乳腺癌标化发病率与大米中PP-DDD含量呈负相关.     

Inhibitory effects of four plants flavonoids extracts on fatty acid synthase

Fatty acid synthase (FAS) had been found overexpress and hyperactive in most cancers. Pharmacological inhibitors of FAS activity preferentially repress cancer cell proliferation and induce cancer cell apoptosis without affecting nonmalignant fibroblasts. These made FAS an excellent drug target for cancer therapy. The activity of FAS in 11 different kinds of cancer cells, including esophageal carcinoma (EC109, EC8712, H5E973), gastric carcinoma (N87, BGC823), lung carcinoma (A549, 95-D), hepatoma (HepG2), uterine cervix cancer (HeLa) and leukaemia (K562, U937) were compared using spectrophotometric method. We selected the cell line with the highest FAS activity as cell model to study the inhibitory effect of the flavonoids extracts on FAS. Four plants including Canavium album Raeuseh leaves, Bombax ceiba Linn, Brassica albograbra Bailey, and Citrus reticulata Blanco were selected for extracting flavonoids. The results showed significantly different FAS activity among different cancer cells. The FAS activity is the lowest in gastric cancer cell N87 (15.91 ± 3.61 U/mg protein) and the highest in lung cancer cell A549 (127.36 ± 10.14 U/mg protein). The cancer cell A549 was used as cell model to test the inhibitory effort of flavonoids extracts on FAS. Results showed that the flavonoids extracts of Citrus reticulata Blanco and Canavium album Raeuseh leaves have higher inhibitory effect on FAS activity compared with the universally used FAS inhibitor C75 and both extracts inhibit cancer cell proliferation when added to cultured cancer cells. These studies provided a good cell model for testing the inhibitory effect on FAS activity and suggested that Citrus reticulata Blanco rind and Canavium album Raeuseh leaves are good biomaterials for separating and purifying natural flavonoids FAS inhibitors and exploring their inhibitory mechanisms.     

环境雌激素的男性生殖健康效应

概述了近年来国内外学者对内分泌干扰物健康效应的解释，及其对环境雌激素作用的新认识和男性生殖健康的影响。重点讨论了环境雌激素对男性生殖系统结构和功能的影响，以及造成男性生殖健康不良效应的可能作用机理及其最新研究进展，并简要介绍了对环境雌激素健康机制的进一步研究方向。根据报道，环境雌激素可以通过模拟天然雌激素的受体结合机制，干扰生物体内正常的内分泌生物机制，并使生殖系统的肿瘤发病率上升。     

邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的研究进展

邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物（PAEs）是一类危险性较大的环境污染物;其分布广,难降解,具有致畸、致癌、致突变性和遗传毒性,能够干扰动物和人体的内分泌系统,也对人和动物的生殖系统造成较大的危害。本文根据国内外的最新研究成果,综述了PAEs的检测方法、毒性效应、分布和降解方法,并对今后PAEs的研究趋势进行了展望。     

Sex-dependent obesogenic effect of tetracycline on Drosophila melanogaster deteriorated by dysrhythmia

Antibiotics have been identified as obesogens contributing to the prevalence of obesity. Moreover, their environmental toxicity shows sex dependence, which might also explain the sex-dependent obesity observed. Yet, the direct evidence for such a connection and the underlying mechanisms remain to be explored. In this study, the effects of tetracycline, which is a representative antibiotic found in both environmental and food samples, on Drosophila melanogaster were studied with consideration of both sex and circadian rhythms (represented by the eclosion rhythm). Results showed that in morning-eclosed adults, tetracycline significantly stimulated the body weight of females (AM females) at 0.1, 1.0, 10.0 and 100.0 µg/L, while tetracycline only stimulated the body weight of males (AM males) at 1.0 µg/L. In the afternoon-eclosed adults, tetracycline significantly stimulated the body weight of females (PM females) at 0.1, 1.0 and 100.0 µg/L, while it showed more significant stimulation in males (PM males) at all concentrations. Notably, the stimulation levels were the greatest in PM males among all the adults. The results showed the clear sex dependence of the obesogenic effects, which was diminished by dysrhythmia. Further biochemical assays and clustering analysis suggested that the sex- and rhythm-dependent obesogenic effects resulted from the bias toward lipogenesis against lipolysis. Moreover, they were closely related to the preference for the energy storage forms of lactate and glucose and also to the presence of excessive insulin, with the involvement of glucolipid metabolism. Such relationships indicated potential bridges between the obesogenic effects of pollutants and other diseases, e.g., cancer and diabetes.     

镍对人体健康的危害效应及其机理研究

镍是人体必需的生命元素,但过量的镍会对人体造成危害。本文主要从镍可引起炎症、癌症、神经衰弱症、系统紊乱、降低生育能力、致畸和致突变等方面概述镍对人体健康的危害效应,并从镍能影响遗传物质的合成、影响多种酶和内分泌腺的作用、引起基因点突变、基因丢失、基因扩增、产生“镍指”、形成N i2＋-肽复合物、诱导产生活性氧及其影响电解质中的离子含量等多方面阐述了镍对人体健康危害效应的机理,以期对防治重金属对人体的危害提供一些理论依据。