Adsorptive removal of hydrophobic organic compounds by carbonaceous adsorbents: A comparative study of waste-polymer-based, coal-based activated carbon, and carbon nanotubes

Adsorption of the hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) trichloroethylene (TCE), 1,3-dichlorobenzene (DCB), 1,3-dinitrobenzene (DNB) and γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) on five different carbonaceous materials was compared. The adsorbents included three polymer-based activated carbons, one coal-based activated carbon (F400) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT). The polymerbased activated carbons were prepared using KOH activation from waste polymers: polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) and tire rubber (TR). Compared with F400 and MWNT, activated carbons derived from PVC and PET exhibited fast adsorption kinetics and high adsorption capacity toward the HOCs, attributed to their extremely large hydrophobic surface area (2700 m²/g) and highly mesoporous structures. Adsorption of small-sized TCE was stronger on the tire-rubber-based carbon and F400 resulting from the pore-filling effect. In contrast, due to the molecular sieving effect, their adsorption on HCH was lower. MWNT exhibited the lowest adsorption capacity toward HOCs because of its low surface area and characteristic of aggregating in aqueous solution.     

吸附法去除水中抗生素研究进展

随着社会经济的快速发展,抗生素被越来越多地应用于生产生活中,抗生素污染已成为亟须解决的环境问题.吸附法是一种去除抗生素简单、高效、经济的方法.综述了环境领域应用较为广泛的抗生素吸附材料,主要包括碳材料、矿物材料、金属骨架材料及水凝胶、气凝胶、磁性纳米材料、分子印迹材料等新型材料等,并比较了这些吸附材料各自的优缺点.同时...     

Mesoporous carbon adsorbents from melamine-formaldehyde resin using nanocasting technique for CO2 adsorption

Mesoporous carbon adsorbents, having high nitrogen content, were synthesized via nanocasting technique with melamine–formaldehyde resin as precursor and mesoporous silica as template. A series of adsorbents were prepared by varying the carbonization temperature from 400 to 700°C. Adsorbents were characterized thoroughly by nitrogen sorption, X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), thermogravimetric analysis(TGA), elemental(CHN) analysis, Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy and Boehm titration. Carbonization temperature controlled the properties of the synthesized adsorbents ranging from surface area to their nitrogen content, which play major role in their application as adsorbents for CO_2 capture.The nanostructure of these materials was confirmed by XRD and TEM. Their nitrogen content decreased with an increase in carbonization temperature while other properties like surface area, pore volume, thermal stability and surface basicity increased with the carbonization temperature. These materials were evaluated for CO_2 adsorption by fixed-bed column adsorption experiments. Adsorbent synthesized at 700°C was found to have the highest surface area and surface basicity along with maximum CO_2 adsorption capacity among the synthesized adsorbents. Breakthrough time and CO_2 equilibrium adsorption capacity were investigated from the breakthrough curves and were found to decrease with increase in adsorption temperature. Adsorption process for carbon adsorbent–CO_2 system was found to be reversible with stable adsorption capacity over four consecutive adsorption–desorption cycles. From three isotherm models used to analyze the equilibrium data, Temkin isotherm model presented a nearly perfect fit implying the heterogeneous adsorbent surface.     

高分子树脂与介孔分子筛吸附-脱附VOCs性能对比

采用溶剂热法制备介孔聚二乙烯基苯(PDVB)树脂,并以介孔分子筛MCM-41、SBA-15为参照,从吸附-脱附甲苯、邻二甲苯、均三甲苯性能和高湿度下的疏水性能方面对其进行对比研究.结果表明,PDVB具有最大的比表面积1219.1m2/g,其对低浓度甲苯吸附量约为介孔分子筛的2倍,同时吸附性能几乎不受水汽影响.随着VOCs分子尺寸增加,3种吸附剂对VOCs的饱和吸附量均有所增加,但PDVB的穿透吸附量明显高于分子筛.热重分析表明,在200℃以下3种吸附剂上吸附的有机分子均能脱附完全,具有优良的脱附再生性能.     

引滦水中天然有机化合物的形态及紫外吸收特征

用改进的Leenheer法将引滦水中的天然有机化合物分离为悬浮态和溶解态两大类,后者又分离成憎水有机物、腐殖酸类、强阴离子化合物和其它亲水化合物4种。溶解态有机物含量在4—5mgC/L之间,其中半数左右为腐殖酸类,其紫外吸收强度远在其它形态之上。非极性憎水有机物在5％以下。     

Mesoporous carbon adsorbents from melamine–formaldehyde resin using nanocasting technique for CO2 adsorption

Mesoporous carbon adsorbents, having high nitrogen content, were synthesized via nanocasting technique with melamine–formaldehyde resin as precursor and mesoporous silica as template. A series of adsorbents were prepared by varying the carbonization temperature from 400 to 700°C. Adsorbents were characterized thoroughly by nitrogen sorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), elemental (CHN) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Boehm titration. Carbonization temperature controlled the properties of the synthesized adsorbents ranging from surface area to their nitrogen content, which play major role in their application as adsorbents for CO₂ capture. The nanostructure of these materials was confirmed by XRD and TEM. Their nitrogen content decreased with an increase in carbonization temperature while other properties like surface area, pore volume, thermal stability and surface basicity increased with the carbonization temperature. These materials were evaluated for CO₂ adsorption by fixed-bed column adsorption experiments. Adsorbent synthesized at 700°C was found to have the highest surface area and surface basicity along with maximum CO₂ adsorption capacity among the synthesized adsorbents. Breakthrough time and CO₂ equilibrium adsorption capacity were investigated from the breakthrough curves and were found to decrease with increase in adsorption temperature. Adsorption process for carbon adsorbent–CO₂ system was found to be reversible with stable adsorption capacity over four consecutive adsorption–desorption cycles. From three isotherm models used to analyze the equilibrium data, Temkin isotherm model presented a nearly perfect fit implying the heterogeneous adsorbent surface.     

Phosphine functionalised multiwalled carbon nanotubes: A new adsorbent for the removal of nickel from aqueous solution

Synthesised triphenylphosphine-linked multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Tpp-MWCNTs) were used to study the adsorption of nickel in aqueous solutions and their adsorption capabilities were compared with purified MWCNTs. The adsorption capacity increased with an increase in pH for all adsorbents. The adsorption equilibrium was reached in 40 and 30 min for purified MWCNTs and Tpp-MWCNTs, respectively. Both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms used to investigate the adsorption process fitted the experimental data well with the correlation coefficient R² close to 1 for all adsorbents. On the other hand, the experimental data fitted well with a pseudo second-order model. The speciation of nickel also influenced the adsorption on the purified and Tpp-MWCNTs. The adsorbents used in this study showed superior adsorption capacity when compared to other adsorbents reported in the literature.     

Adsorption thermodynamics and kinetic investigation of aromatic amphoteric compounds onto different polymeric adsorbents

The adsorption behavior of p-aminobenzoic acid and o-aminobenzoic acid onto the different polymeric adsorbents was systematically investigated as a function of the solution concentration and temperature.Experimental results indicated that the equilibrium adsorption data of the four polymeric adsorbents fitted well in the Freundlich isotherm.The adsorption capacity of multi-functional polymeric adsorbent NJ-99 was the highest,which might be attributed to the strong hydrogen-bonding interaction between the amino groups on the resin and the carboxyl group of aminobenzoic acid.The adsorption capacity of o-aminobenzoic acid onto any adsorbent was higher than p-aminobenzoic acid.Thermodynamic studies suggested the exothermic,spontaneous physical adsorption process.Adsorption kinetics results showed that the adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics model and the intraparticle mass transfer process was the rate-controlling step.     

Dye removal from wastewater using the adsorbent developed from sewage sludge

Introduction Adsorptionisrelevantinenvironmentalpollutionandprotectionwithreferencetowaterandwastewatertreatment(Bowen,1992).Toxicmaterials,hazardousionsanddyes fromindustrialeffluentsbythewayofadsorptionareofgreatsignificantinconnectionwithenvironmentala…     

选择性吸附法处理含表面活性剂和多环芳烃的土壤淋洗液研究

比较研究了H103树脂、活性炭、沸石、硅藻土和膨润土等5种吸附剂对土壤淋洗液中TX-100与PAHs的吸附性能.批实验结果表明,H103树脂、活性炭、沸石、硅藻土和膨润土吸附后,淋洗液中T-PAHs及TX-100浓度分别为0.03和0 mg·L~(-1)、0.16和3623 mg·L~(-1)、15.21和6175 mg·L~(-1)、15.98和6555 mg·L~(-1)、9.49和4332 mg·L~(-1),选择性吸附系数排序依次为活性炭膨润土沸石硅藻土H103树脂.其中,活性炭能够去除淋洗液中99%的PAHs,同时保留51.33%的TX-100回收再利用,选择吸附系数达到109.5.活性炭固定床实验中,由淋洗液溶质的穿透曲线计算出物质的吸附容量.当空隙体积为2.5-7PV时,活性炭能够去除淋洗液中72%的PAHs,同时保留81%的TX-100,平均选择吸附系数为10.08.由此可见,活性炭固定床可有效处理含表面活性剂土壤淋洗液中的多环芳烃,同时实现表面活性剂的回收再利用.     

几种吸附材料对磷吸附性能的对比研究

针对白洋淀府河水体磷污染问题,研究了天然沸石、硅藻土、粉煤灰、赤泥、铁铝泥五种材料对磷的吸附性能,并利用盐酸改性铁铝泥、铁盐改性粉煤灰和赤泥,对比研究了改性后材料对磷的吸附能力,探讨了水体pH值和其他离子对其吸附性能的影响。结果表明:沸石、硅藻土、粉煤灰、赤泥对磷的吸附符合一级动力学模型,而铁铝泥和改性后材料吸附磷符合准二级动力学模型;改性前后各材料吸附磷等温线均符合Langmuir方程。各材料吸附磷能力为:改性赤泥>改性粉煤灰>改性铁铝泥>铁铝泥>赤泥和粉煤灰>沸石>硅藻土,改性材料吸附磷能力明显提高。溶液pH值显著影响改性材料吸附磷效果,pH为7时吸附量最大;硫酸根和碳酸氢根离子抑制磷的吸附,氯离子和硝酸根离子没有明显影响。     

Application of activated carbon derived from scrap tires for adsorption of Rhodamine B

Activated carbon derived from solid hazardous waste scrap tires was evaluated as a potential adsorbent for cationic dye removal. The adsorption process with respect to operating parameters was investigated to evaluate the adsorption characteristics of the activated pyrolytic tire char (APTC) for Rhodamine B (RhB). Systematic research including equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamic studies was performed. The results showed that APTC was a potential adsorbent for RhB with a higher adsorption capacity than most adsorbents. Solution pH and temperature exert significant influence while ionic strength showed little e ect on the adsorption process. The adsorption equilibrium data obey Langmuir isotherm and the kinetic data were well described by the pseudo second-order kinetic model. The adsorption process followed intra-particle di usion model with more than one process a ecting the adsorption process. Thermodynamic study confirmed that the adsorption was a physisorption process with spontaneous, endothermic and random characteristics.     

Adsorption of Methylene Blue on magnesium silicate： Kinetics, equilibria and comparison with other adsorbents

Batch adsorption from aqueous solutions in a slightly basic medium of Methylene Blue, up to 2500 mg/L, onto synthetic magnesium silicate (Florisil) of three particle size ranges (mean diameters of 112, 200 and 425 μm) was compared to the corresponding adsorption onto activated carbon and Amberlite XAD-2. The best fit of the kinetic results was achieved by a pseudo second-order equation. The equilibrium data were found to be well represented by the Langmuir isotherm equation. Amberlite XAD-2, an unspecific adsorbent capable of adsorbing exclusively through a surface effect, exhibited a poor dye uptake, confirming that the adsorption mechanism on Florisil was due to electrostatic attraction and ion exchange. Moreover, the comparison between Florisil and the other adsorbents was performed on the basis of the evaluation of the surface area and pore volume occupied by the adsorbed dye.     

死亡藻细胞对水中邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)的吸附研究

本文选用死亡的短裸甲藻（Gymnodinium breve cells）和中肋骨条藻（Skeletonema costatum）细胞作为吸附剂,分析了其理化性质,拟合了对邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（dibutyl phthalate,DBP）的吸附动力学和吸附等温线,探究了pH和离子强度对吸附效果的影响。结果表明:两种死亡藻细胞对DBP的吸附符合伪二级动力学模型,吸附过程以化学吸附为主,吸附等温线符合Freundlich模型,吸附过程为多层吸附主导的混合吸附;pH 从2.0至3.5时,两种死亡藻细胞的吸附量随pH的升高而降低,而pH从3.5至9.5时,吸附量随pH的增加而增大;NaCl浓度从0至0.05 mol/L时,两种死亡藻细胞对DBP的吸附量迅速增大,从0.05 mol/L升至0.50 mol/L过程中其吸附量基本没有变化。本研究证明了死亡藻细胞可以吸附水中的DBP,而且发现无细胞壁的短裸甲藻的吸附能力显著优于中肋骨条藻,研究结果对于死亡藻细胞应用于水环境中PAEs的去除具有重要意义。     

大孔强碱阴树脂去除饮用水中微量有机物

比较了大孔强碱阴树脂和颗粒活性炭在饮用水的深度处理中对有机物的去除效果。结果表明：(1)大孔强碱阴树脂的吸附容量比颗粒活性炭的大。在pH为8时,大孔强碱阴树脂对TOC的去除率最高。pH6～8时,对TOC的去除率没有明显的区别,而颗粒活性炭在pH为2时。对TOC的去除率最高;水温低能提高2种吸附材料的吸附容量。(2)在动态实验条件下。当流速相同,大孔强碱阴树脂的穿透时间明显比颗粒活性炭的长,大孔强碱阴树脂的制水量约是吸附床的10000倍。而颗粒活性炭却只有吸附床的4000倍。在饮用水的深度处理中,大孔强碱阴树脂可作为活性炭的最佳替代品。     

三氯乙烯在不同土壤中的吸附特性及其影响因素研究

吸附作用是影响三氯乙烯(TCE)在土壤环境中迁移、归趋的主要过程.采用有机碳含量不同的2种天然土壤以及用H2O2去除低聚合"软碳"和高温灼烧去除全部有机碳后所得到的4种土壤为吸附剂,考察了有机碳含量及组成、矿物质、TCE初始浓度、溶液pH、土壤含水率、离子强度等因素对吸附TCE的影响.结果表明,TCE在6种土壤上的吸附等温线呈非线性,随有机碳含量增加,土壤对TCE的吸附量增加;但矿物质的吸附贡献率却减小.土壤对TCE的吸附是土壤中有机碳和矿物质的共同作用,以有机碳为主,但矿物质的作用不可忽略;且TCE初始浓度越高,矿物质的贡献率相对越低.土壤中"软碳"的吸附等温线线性较好;而"硬碳"的吸附等温线为非线性.此外,增大离子强度对吸附具有促进作用,而pH和含水率对吸附几乎没有影响.     

高分子固体废物基活性炭对有机染料的吸附解吸行为研究

分别以3种高分子固体废物,即轮胎橡胶、聚氯乙烯(PVC)和聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)为原料,利用KOH活化法制备高比表面积活性炭.通过吸附实验研究了活性炭对2种有机染料(亚甲基蓝和甲基橙)的吸附、解吸行为,同时探讨了溶液pH值、离子强度和表面活性剂对吸附的影响.结果表明,PVC和PET基活性炭比表面积分别为2 666和2 831 m2.g-1,中孔容积分别为1.06和1.30 cm3.g-1,15 min内对亚甲基蓝和甲基橙的去除率分别高达98.5%和97.0%、99.5%和95.0%,且Langmuir模型拟合的染料最大吸附量均超过2 mmol.g-1,显著高于商业活性炭F400.Langmuir模型比Freundlich模型能更好地描述2种染料的吸附行为,说明吸附以表面单层覆盖为主.溶液pH值、离子强度和表面活性剂对染料吸附均有较大影响.制备的高分子基活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附强于甲基橙,2种染料均不容易发生解吸.实验结果可为高分子固体废物的资源化利用、制备经济高效的碳质吸附材料提供科学依据.     

Shellac-coated iron oxide nanoparticles for removal of cadmium(II) ions from aqueous solution

This study describes a new effective adsorbent for cadmium removal from aqueous solution synthesized by coating a shellac layer, a natural biodegradable and renewable resin with abundant hydroxyl and carboxylic groups, on the surface of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) imaging showed shellac-coated magnetic nanoparticle (SCMN) adsorbents had a core-shell structure with a core of 20 nm and shell of 5 nm. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic analysis suggested the occurrence of reaction between carboxyl groups on the SCMN adsorbent surface and cadmium ions in aqueous solution. Kinetic data were well described by pseudo second-order model and adsorption isotherms were fitted with both Langmuir and Freundlich models with maximum adsorption capacity of 18.80 mg/g. SCMN adsorbents provided a favorable adsorption capacity under high salinity conditions, and cadmium could easily be desorbed using mild organic acid solutions at low concentration.     

挥发性有机物(VOCs)吸附材料的研究进展

目前,我国面临严重的挥发性有机物（VOCs）污染问题。吸附法是研究与应用最为广泛的VOCs治理技术。主要介绍了吸附净化VOCs原理和几种常见的VOCs吸附材料,包括活性炭、新型多孔炭材料、沸石分子筛、黏土基吸附剂、金属有机框架和介孔硅。详述了各吸附材料的VOCs吸附能力和优缺点,判断了其应用价值,并指出了为提升大规模工业化应用潜力,后续研发的VOCs吸附材料应满足高吸附量、高疏水性、高热稳定性和再生能力强4个特征。     

碳纳米管基复合吸附剂的制备及其吸附性能

为了解决碳纳米管(CNTs)在吸附水中污染物时易聚集、难分离的问题,本文采用静电自组装技术将碳纳米管固定化在具有微米级粒径的碳酸钙颗粒表面,设计制备了壳-核结构的CNTs基复合吸附剂.实验考查了不同碳纳米管分散体系对复合吸附剂制备的影响,并采用Zeta电位、拉曼光谱、扫描电镜等手段对复合吸附剂的制备过程和结构进行表征,探讨了制备的碳纳米管基复合吸附剂对菲的吸附性能.结果发现,复合吸附剂对菲的吸附能力随CNTs载量的增加而增大,CNTs标化的吸附系数则随CNTs载量的增加而下降,碳纳米管是复合吸附剂的主要吸附位点.