Adsorption of phenthoate and acetochlor from water by clays and organoclays

IntroductionImmobilizationorseparationofcontaminantscontainedinpollutedwaterisanobjectiveofincreasingimportanceinavarietyofenvironmentalsettings.Theextentofpesticidecontaminationofthewaterenvironmenthasrecentlyraisedmuchconcernbecauseofthepotentialhealthh…     

Adsorption of humic acid from aqueous solution on bilayer hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide-modified zeolite

Surfactant-modified natural zeolites (SMNZ) with different coverage types were prepared by loading hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (HTAB) onto the surface of a natural zeolite. The adsorption behavior of humic acid (HA) on SMNZ was investigated. Results indicate that the adsorbent SMNZ exhibited a higher affinity toward HA than the natural zeolite. HA removal efficiency by SMNZ increased with HTAB loading. Coexisting Ca²⁺ in solution favored HA adsorption onto SMNZ. Adsorption capacity decreased with an increasing solution pH. For typical SMNZ with bilayer HTAB coverage, HA adsorption process is well described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The experimental isotherm data fitted well with the Langmuir model. Calculated maximum HA adsorption capacities for SMNZ with bilayer HTAB coverage at pH 5.5 and 7.5 were 63 and 41 mg·g⁻¹, respectively. E2/E3 (absorbance at 250 nm to that at 365 nm) and E4/E6 (absorbance at 465 nm to that at 665 nm) ratios of the residual HA in solution were lower than that of the original HA solution. This indicates that the HA fractions with high polar functional groups, low molecular weight (MW), and aromaticity had a stronger tendency for adsorption onto SMNZ with bilayer HTAB coverage. Results show that HTAB-modified natural zeolite is a promising adsorbent for removal of HA from aqueous solution.     

钙预处理对磁性锆铁改性膨润土吸附水中磷酸盐的影响

本研究制备了2种不同Ca2+含量的磁性锆铁改性膨润土(ZrFeBTs),即磁性锆铁改性原始膨润土(ZrFeRBT)和磁性锆铁改性钙预处理膨润土(ZrFeCaBT),并通过吸附实验考察了ZrFeRBT和ZrFeCaBT对水中磷酸盐的吸附特征,以确定Ca2+预处理对ZrFeBTs吸附水中磷酸盐的影响。结果发现,本研究所制备的ZrFeBTs包含Fe3O4和Zr,并且ZrFeCaBT中可交换Ca2+的含量明显高于ZrFeRBT。ZrFeBTs对水中磷酸盐吸附平衡实验数据可以很好地采用Langmuir等温吸附模型加以描述,动力学实验数据可以很好地采用准二级动力学模型和颗粒内扩散模型进行描述。根据Langmuir模型确定的ZrFeRBT和ZrFeCaBT对水中磷酸盐的最大单位吸附量(以磷计)分别为8.70mg·g-1和11.5mg·g-1。ZrFeBTs吸附水中磷酸盐的过程属于化学吸附。随着pH值的增加,ZrFeBTs对水中磷酸盐的吸附效果逐渐降低。当溶液共存Cl-、HCO3-、SO42-、NO3-、Na+、K+、Mg2+和Ca2+等阴阳离子时,ZrFeBTs对水中磷酸盐的吸附具有很好的选择性,并且溶液共存的Ca2+会极大地促进了ZrFeBTs对水中磷酸盐的吸附。采用Ca2+对膨润土进行预处理,极大地提高了ZrFeBTs对水中磷酸盐的吸附能力。     

Removal of ammonium ion from water by Na-rich birnessite: Performance and mechanisms

Na-rich birnessite (NRB) was synthesized by a simple synthesis method and used as a high-efficiency adsorbent for the removal of ammonium ion (NH₄⁺) from aqueous solution. In order to demonstrate the adsorption performance of the synthesized material, the effects of contact time, pH, initial ammonium ion concentration, and temperature were investigated. Adsorption kinetics showed that the adsorption behavior followed the pseudo second-order kinetic model. The equilibrium adsorption data were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models and the model parameters were evaluated. The monolayer adsorption capacity of the adsorbent, as obtained from the Langmuir isotherm, was 22.61 mg NH₄⁺-N/g at 283 K. Thermodynamic analyses showed that the adsorption was spontaneous and that it was also a physisorption process. Our data revealed that the higher NH₄⁺ adsorption capacity could be primarily attributed to the water absorption process and electrostatic interaction. Particularly, the high surface hydroxyl-content of NRB enables strong interactions with ammonium ion. The results obtained in this study illustrate that the NRB is expected to be an effective and economically viable adsorbent for ammonium ion removal from aqueous system.     

A comparative study and evaluation of sulfamethoxazole adsorption onto organo-montmorillonites

Three organo-montmorillonites were prepared using surfactants, and their adsorption behaviors toward sulfamethoxazole（SMX） were investigated. The surfactants used were cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide（CTMAB）, 3-（N,N-dimethylhexadecylammonio） propane sulfonate（HDAPS） and 1,3-bis（hexadecyldimethylammonio）-propane dibromide（BHDAP）. The properties of the organo-montmorillonites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and N2adsorption–desorption isotherm measurements. Results showed that the interlayer spacing of montmorillonite was increased and the surface area as well as the morphology were changed. Batch adsorption experiments showed that the surfactant loading amount had a great effect on the adsorption of SMX. The adsorption process was p H dependent and the maximum adsorption capacity was obtained at p H 3 for HDAPS-Mt, while CTMAB-Mt and BHDAP-Mt showed a high removal efficiency at 3–11. The adsorption capacity increased with the initial SMX concentration and contact time but decreased with increasing solution ionic strength.Kinetic data were best described by the pseudo second-order model. Equilibrium data were best represented by the Langmuir model, and the Freundlich constant（n） indicated a favorable adsorption process. The maximum adsorption capacity of SMX was 235.29 mg/g for CTMAB-Mt, 155.28 mg/g for HDAPS-Mt and 242.72 mg/g for BHDAP-Mt. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated to evaluate the spontaneity and endothermic or exothermic nature. The adsorption mechanism was found to be dominated by electrostatic interaction,while hydrophobic interaction played a secondary role.     

Removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution by hydrous manganese dioxide: Adsorption behavior and mechanism

Hydrous manganese dioxide (HMO) synthesized by redox of potassium permanganate and hydrogen peroxide was used as an adsorbent for Pb(Ⅱ) removal.The specific surface area,pore volume and BJH pore diameter of the HMO were 79.31m2/g,0.07cm3/g and 3.38 nm,respectively.The adsorption equilibrium at 298K could be well described by the Langmuir isotherm equation with q max value of 352.55mg/g.The negative values of G and the positive values of H and S indicated the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic.The pseudo second-order equation could best fit the adsorption data.The value of the calculated activation energy for Pb(Ⅱ) adsorption onto the HMO was 38.23 kJ/mol.The uptake of Pb(Ⅱ) by HMO was correlated with increasing surface hydroxyl group content and the main adsorbed speciation was PbOH+.The final chemical state of Pb(Ⅱ) on the surface of HMO was similar to PbO.HMO was a promising candidate for Pb(Ⅱ) removal from aqueous solution.     

锆-十六烷基三甲基氯化铵改性活性炭对水中硝酸盐和磷酸盐的吸附特性

采用锆(Zr)和阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(CTAC)对活性炭进行联合改性,考察了所制备的Zr-CTAC改性活性炭对水中硝酸盐和磷酸盐的吸附去除作用,并探讨了相关的吸附去除机制.结果表明,Zr-CTAC改性活性炭对水中硝酸盐和磷酸盐均具备较好的吸附去除能力.Zr-CTAC改性活性炭对硝酸盐和磷酸盐吸附动力学过程满足准二级动力学模型.Langmuir、Freundlich和Dubinin-Radushkevich(D-R)等温吸附模型可以较好地描述Zr-CTAC改性活性炭对水中硝酸盐的等温吸附过程,Langmuir和D-R等温吸附模型可以较好地描述Zr-CTAC改性活性炭对水中磷酸盐等温吸附过程,通过Langmuir模型计算得到吸附剂对硝酸盐和磷酸盐的最大单位吸附量分别为7.58 mg·g-1和10.9 mg·g-1.高的p H会抑制Zr-CTAC改性活性炭对水中硝酸盐和磷酸盐的吸附.水中共存的Cl-、HCO-3和SO2-4等阴离子均会抑制Zr-CTAC改性活性炭对硝酸盐和磷酸盐的吸附,且对吸附硝酸盐的抑制作用较强而对吸附磷酸盐的抑制作用较弱.水中共存的磷酸盐对Zr-CTAC改性活性炭吸附硝酸盐的抑制作用较强,而水中共存的硝酸盐对Zr-CTAC改性活性炭吸附磷酸盐的抑制作用较弱.1 mol·L-1Na Cl溶液可以使90%左右被吸附到Zr-CTAC改性活性炭表面上的硝酸盐解吸下来.1 mol·L-1的Na OH溶液可以使78%左右被吸附到Zr-CTAC改性活性炭表面上的磷酸盐解吸下来.Zr-CTAC改性活性炭对硝酸盐的吸附机制主要包括阴离子交换作用和静电吸引作用,对磷酸盐的吸附机制主要包括配位体交换作用、阴离子交换作用和静电吸引作用.上述结果说明Zr-CTAC改性活性炭适合作为一种吸附剂去除废水中的硝酸盐和磷酸盐.     

CTMAB/CPAM复合改性膨润土吸附水中苯酚和硝基苯

用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)和阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)改性膨润土,制得系列CTMAB-膨润土(C-Bt)、CPAM-膨润土(P-Bt)和复合改性膨润土(C/P-Bt).采用XRD分析了各类有机膨润土的底面间距,并比较了它们吸附水中苯酚和硝基苯的性能.结果显示,C/P-Bt的底面间距大于相应的C-Bt和P-Bt,表明CTMAB与CPAM能同时层插到膨润土层间.C/P-Bt吸附性能优于C-Bt及C-Bt加P-Bt,在相同平衡浓度下(苯酚为7 045 mg/L,硝基苯为409 mg/L),60C/4%P-Bt对苯酚和硝基苯的吸附量分别为150 mg/g和69 mg/g,吸附量比60C-Bt分别提高了26%和28%,比60C-Bt加4%P-Bt分别提高了22%和26%,表现出明显协同吸附效应.这说明CTMAB在C/P-Bt层间的排列模式受CPAM的影响,形成了对有机物亲和能力更强的吸附介质.该新型有机膨润土在有机污染控制中有良好的应用前景.     

Al-CTMAB复合膨润土同时吸附处理水中菲和磷酸根

用AlCl₃和溴化十六烷基三甲基铵(CTMAB)共同改性制得无机-有机复合膨润土Al-CTMAB-Bent,并研究其同时吸附处理水中菲和PO₄^3-的性能.结果表明,在菲和PO₄^3-的初始浓度分别为1 mg/L和5 mg/L(以P计)、水土比为800∶1时,Al-CTMAB-Bent对菲和PO₄^3-的去除率分别为96.3%和90.2%.Al-CTMAB-Bent沉降性能良好,沉降1 h后剩余浊度比相应的有机膨润土下降81.4%,为解决实际污水处理中有机膨润土固-液分离难题提供依据.     

Synthesis of mesoporous Cu/Mg/Fe layered double hydroxide and its adsorption performance for arsenate in aqueous solutions

The mesoporous Cu/Mg/Fe layered double hydroxide(Cu/Mg/Fe-LDH) with carbonate intercalation was synthesized and used for the removal of arsenate from aqueous solutions.The Cu/Mg/Fe-LDH was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry,X-ray diffraction crystallography,scanning electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller.Effects of various physico-chemical parameters such as pH,adsorbent dosage,contact time and initial arsenate concentration on the adsorption of arsenate onto Cu/Mg/Fe-LDH were investigated.Results showed that it was efficient for the removal of arsenate,and the removal efficiency of arsenate increased with the increment of the adsorbent dosage,while the arsenate adsorption capacity decreased with increase of initial pH from 3 to 11.The adsorption isotherms can be well described by the Langmuir model with R 2 > 0.99.Its adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo second-order kinetic model.Coexisting ions such as HPO42-,CO32-,SO42and NO3could compete with arsenate for adsorption sites on the Cu/Mg/Fe-LDH.The adsorption of arsenate on the adsorbent can be mainly attributed to the ion exchange process.It was found that the synthesized Cu/Mg/Fe-LDH can reduce the arsenate concentration down to a final level of < 10 μg/L under the experimental conditions,and makes it a potential material for the decontamination of arsenate polluted water.     

改性粘土矿物的制备及其对水体中二氯喹啉酸的吸附研究

采用固-液吸附法,以天然钙基蒙脱石为原料,硫酸和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(HDTMAB)为改性剂,制备了3种改性蒙脱石,并借助X-射线衍射、比表面积全分析及有机碳含量测定对所得的改性蒙脱石进行表征.结果表明,先酸化后再进行有机改性所得的改性蒙脱石(AHM)不仅具有较大的比表面积、层间距,而且有机碳含量是最高的.同时,采用批量平衡实验比较了这3种改性蒙脱石和天然蒙脱石对二氯喹啉酸的吸附能力.结果表明,天然蒙脱石对二氯喹啉酸的吸附率最小,不足5%,而先酸化再进行HDTMAB改性所得的改性蒙脱石对二氯喹啉酸的吸附率最高,其对二氯喹啉酸的吸附容量约为天然蒙脱石的20倍.二氯喹啉酸在这种改性蒙脱石上吸附速率很快,吸附平衡时间为2 h,吸附动力学满足准二级动力学方程,吸附等温线可用Linear和Freundlich模型较好地拟合.     

Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution with bamboo charcoal chemically modified by iron and cobalt with the assistance of microwave

Bamboo charcoal (BC) was used as starting material to prepare Co-Fe binary oxideloaded adsorbent (Co-Fe-MBC) through its impregnation in Co(NO3)2 , FeCl3 and HNO3 solutions simultaneously, followed by microwave heating. The low-cost composite was characterized and used as an adsorbent for Cr(VI) removal from water. The results showed that a cobalt and iron binary oxide (CoFe2O4 ) was uniformly formed on the BC through redox reactions. The composite exhibited higher surface area (331 m2/g) than that of BC or BC loaded with Fe alone (Fe-MBC). The adsorption of Cr(VI) strongly depended on solution pH, temperature and ionic strength. The adsorption isotherms followed the Langmuir isotherm model well, and the maximum adsorption capacities for Cr(VI) at 288 K and pH 5.0 were 35.7 and 51.7 mg/g for Fe-MBC and Co-Fe-MBC, respectively. The adsorption processes were well fitted by the pseudo second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption of Cr(VI) onto both adsorbents was feasible, spontaneous, and exothermic under the studied conditions. The spent Co-Fe-MBC could be readily regenerated for reuse.     

改性膨润土吸附去除水中氨氮的实验研究

以表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTMAB）溶液和聚合铝、聚合铁溶液为改性剂,制备了相应的改性膨润土吸附剂：CTMAB有机膨润土、铝柱撑膨润土和铁柱撑膨润土,用以吸附去除水中的氨氮。结果表明：在最佳吸附实验条件下。几种改性膨润土均能够较好地吸附水中的氨氮,改性膨润土的吸附能力大于原土,吸附量的顺序为：铝柱撑膨润土〉铁柱撑膨润：L〉CTMAB有机膨润土〉原土。改性膨润土对氨氮的吸附是一个快速的过程,可在60min达到吸附平衡,吸附等温线符合Langmuir和Freundlich方程。     

改性累托石对废液中Pb2+吸附研究

通过采用HCl、Na2CO3、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)、十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(1631)等试剂对天然累托石进行改性研究,并将改性后的累托石用于吸附废液中过量Pb2+。实验结果表明单独采用无机改性的效果明显好于单独使用有机改性的效果。考虑到采用无机改性后的累托石在溶液中的沉降性很差,不利于沉淀分离,故而采取无机-有机相结合的方法改性累托石。此法对Pb2+的去除率基本达到100%,吸附容量可达到8.31mg/g,并且吸附后的混合液很容易实现两相分离,有利于提高吸附效果。     

TiO2/膨润土复合材料对Hg2+的吸附性能研究

利用纳米TiO_2对膨润土进行复合改性,制备TiO_2/膨润土复合材料.采用电镜扫描、X-射线衍射表征改性前后膨润土的结构和形貌.通过室内模拟实验,以膨润土为对照,研究不同添加量、pH、吸附时间及初始Hg~(2+)浓度等条件下,TiO_2/膨润土复合材料对Hg~(2+)的吸附特性与性能,同时通过正交试验,探究TiO_2/膨润土复合材料吸附Hg~(2+)的最优条件.结果表明,改性后的膨润土颗粒明显变小,且颗粒疏松多空孔,层间距增大.相比于膨润土,TiO_2/膨润土复合材料吸附性能得到极大提高.TiO_2/膨润土复合材料对Hg~(2+)的吸附率均随着添加量、pH、吸附时间的增大而增大,添加量为1.5 g·L~(-1)、pH为7.0、吸附时间为120 min时,吸附率达98.0%以上.但TiO_2/膨润土复合材料对Hg~(2+)的吸附率随着初始Hg~(2+)浓度的增大而减小.通过4种动力学模型拟合发现,吸附过程符合假二级动力学方程,吸附以化学吸附为主.吸附等温线更符合Langmuir等温方程,属于典型的单分子层吸附,最大吸附量为20.66 mg·g-1.吸附Hg~(2+)的最优实验条件:添加量为2.0 g·L~(-1),pH为8.0,初始Hg~(2+)浓度为45 mg·L~(-1),吸附时间为16 h,此时吸附率99.9%,平衡浓度为0.034 mg·L~(-1).     

CTAC改性膨润土吸附去除水体中高氯酸盐的离子交换性能研究

选用阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(CTAC)改性膨润土以提高膨润土对ClO4-的吸附能力.试验结果表明,CTAC改性能显著提高膨润土对ClO4-的吸附能力,在0.1～l mmol·L-1的C1O4-溶液中,6h内能迅速达到吸附平衡.有机膨润土对ClO4-的吸附最符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,其吸附容量可达0.48 mmol·g-1.pH值在4～10范围内变化对ClO-的吸附几乎没有影响.高的分配系数(Kd＞1.5×103cm3·g-1)表明有机膨润土对ClO4-有很高的选择性,各阴离子的分配系数从小到大的顺序为HPO42-＜ SO42-＜ NO3-＜ ClO4-,这与阴离子的自由水合能大小相一致.1 mol·L-1 HCl溶液对吸附剂的再生效率在96％左右,可直接使用,不用再改性.     

城郊小河流沉积物吸附Pb2+的动力学过程

采用分批试验法,对城郊小河流沉积物吸附Pb2+过程进行了研究,探讨了Pb2+吸附的动力学过程和机制.结果表明,随着溶液中沉积物质量增大,达到吸附平衡所需时间变短,单位沉积物吸附量和达到吸附平衡后溶液中Pb²⁺浓度变低;沉积物含量>0.6 g·L^-1时对溶液中Pb²⁺的去除率超过95%;Pb²⁺在沉积物上吸附的动力学过程符合假二级动力学模型,该模型拟合的平衡吸附量也更接近真实值;Pb²⁺初始吸附速率与初始溶液中沉积物质量无明显的相关性;随溶液中沉积物浓度的增加,吸附速率常数逐渐增大,化学吸附所起的作用也越显著;较高浓度沉积物吸附Pb²⁺的动力学机制能较好符合Elovich方程,但较低浓度沉积物时则相对较差;从吸附速率来看,溶液中沉积物质量较高时,内扩散是整个吸附过程速率的控制步骤,沉积物含量较低时,吸附速率存在多级线性过程,初始阶段非均相扩散是主要控制步骤,但随着时间的延长,其吸附过程转变为沉积物内部的扩散过程.     

Modification of a magnetic carbon composite for ciprofloxacin adsorption

A magnetic carbon composite, Fe₃O₄/C composite, was fabricated by one-step hydrothermal synthesis, modified by heat treatment under an inert atmosphere (N₂), and then used as an adsorbent for ciprofloxacin (CIP) removal. Conditions for the modification were optimized according to the rate of CIP removal. The adsorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction measurements, vibrating-sample magnetometry, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and N₂ adsorption/desorption isotherm measurements. The results indicate that the modified adsorbent has substantial magnetism and has a large specific area, which favor CIP adsorption. The effects of solution pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, initial CIP concentration, ion strength, humic acid and solution temperature on CIP removal were also studied. Our results show that all of the above factors influence CIP removal. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm fits the adsorption process well, with the pseudo second-order model describing the adsorption kinetics accurately. The thermodynamic parameters indicate that adsorption is mainly physical adsorption. Recycling experiments revealed that the behavior of adsorbent is maintained after recycling for five times. Overall, the modified magnetic carbon composite is an efficient adsorbent for wastewater treatment.     

Removal of microcystin-LR from drinking water using a bamboo-based charcoal adsorbent modified with chitosan

The bamboo charcoal adsorbent modified with chitosan can effectively remove microcystin-LR from drinking water.     

经典等温吸附模型在重金属离子/硅藻土体系中的应用及存在问题

为了深入了解天然硅藻土对常见重金属离子Cu2+、Zn2+、Pb2+、Cd2+、Mn2+、Fe3+的吸附属性,同时也为了发现经典等温吸附模型应用于液/固体系时存在的问题,开展了系列等温吸附研究.结果表明,最适于描述天然硅藻土对Pb2+、Cd2+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Mn2+、Fe3+吸附的模型分别为Tenkin、Tenkin、Langmuir、Tenkin、Freundlich和Freundlich模型.各离子在天然硅藻土上的吸附以物理过程为主,吸附反应容易进行.液/固体系中,应用经典等温吸附模型对试验数据进行线性拟合时,发现平衡吸附量q e不是离子平衡浓度c e的唯一函数,而是c e与吸附剂浓度W0两个变量的函数,q e与c e/W0具有一一对应的函数关系.经典等温吸附模型存在明显的吸附剂浓度效应,参数值不稳定,模拟值与实测值差异显著,缺乏实际指导意义.试验证明新的四组分模型可用于描述天然硅藻土-水溶液体系中单一离子的吸附行为,新模型参数k与q m值也具有唯一性,可用于给定体系的实际定量计算.