UASB厌氧反应器处理制药废水实验研究

通过UASB厌氧反应器对制药废水进行了实验研究。研究表明,在中温条件下,当进水CODcr浓度从1 240 mg/L提高到5 062 mg/L时,有机物去除率稳定在65.6%80.1%。过高的盐分对废水的厌氧处理过程具有明显的抑制作用,当进水电导率达到14 224μs/cm 17 300μs/cm时,有机物去除率下降了20%左右。因此,在实际工程设计中,除了考虑进水有机物浓度和容积负荷等工艺参数外,还应注意控制进水盐度。     

膜生物反应器联合工艺处理合成制药废水的中试

采用混凝沉淀+砂滤+膜生物反应器+活性碳+臭氧工艺处理合成制药废水中COD中试研究。结果表明膜生物反应器出水的COD平均值为78.6mg/L,去除率为74.3%;最终出水的COD平均值为40.4mg/L,去除率为92.7%。     

上流式多级厌氧反应器处理糖蜜酒精废水的运行特性

采用自主研发的上流式多级厌氧反应器(UMAR)处理糖蜜酒精废水,研究UMAR的运行特性。研究结果表明:UMAR在水力停留时间为7.1h,进水ρ(COD)为10000mg/L,有机负荷为17.6～33.8kg/(m3.d)时COD去除率均高于75%,最高可达81%。UMAR反应器对进水负荷的冲击有良好耐受能力,运行稳定。     

中试厌氧氨氧化反应器的运行性能及其过程动力学特性

研究了上流式中试厌氧氨氧化(anaerobic ammonium oxidation,ANAMMOX)反应器在环境温度下的运行性能及其过程动力学特性.基质浓度试验表明,中试厌氧氨氧化反应器可在进水亚硝酸盐浓度为(380.4±18.3)mg.L-1稳定运行,继续提升至(480.5±21.9)mg.L-1时,反应器性能恶化.在水力停留时间(hydraulic retention time,HRT)试验中,HRT可缩短至3.43 h,反应器容积基质氮去除速率可达3.45 kg.(m3.d)-1.长期运行中,温度对中试厌氧氨氧化反应器的性能影响较大.采用改进型的Stover-Kincannon模型可较好地模拟非抑制状态下中试厌氧氨氧化反应器在不同温度范围下的行为.获得的Stover-Kincannon模型动力学参数及其出水总基质浓度预测公式和总基质去除率预测公式,可用于指导中试厌氧氨氧化反应器的实际操作.     

制药有机废水常温厌氧生化处理的试验研究

本文研究了上流式厌氧污泥床常温处理制药有机废水的工况,并对影响反应器性能的各种因素进行了分析.结果表明,在自然温度条件下,当进水 COD 50000mg/L 左右时,容积负荷4—7kg COD/m~3.d,COD 去除率可保持在90%以上.     

UASB厌氧反应器预处理印染废水的中试研究

对厌氧上流式反应器(UASB)预处理难降解印染废水进行了中试研究。结果表明,厌氧上流式反应器稳定运行2个多月,在进水COD波动较大的情况下(最高1020.0mg/L,最低593.6mg/L,平均755.4mg/L),厌氧上流式反应器出水平均COD409.3mg/L,平均去除率为45.5%。厌氧上流式反应器对色度去除效果较佳,进水平均色度342倍,出水平均色度78倍,平均去除率为77.2%。印染废水B/C由0.29提高到0.46,提高了0.17,废水可生化性明显改善。     

高浓度有机废水大型厌氧反应器的调试和起动运行

介绍了高浓度有机废水大型厌氧反应器的调试和起动运行的全过程。采用处理同类废水中温发酵的厌氧污泥作种泥 ,满罐低浓度接种。通过逐步提高负荷和升温 ,培养和驯化出足够数量高温发酵的活性污泥 ,6 0d以内就能正常生产运行 ,达到设计所预期的目标。较常规起动方法可缩短时间 1倍以上     

低温对处理低浓度废水的厌氧折流板反应器性能的影响

采用一个9．9L的厌氧折流板反应器处理低浓度废水（COD500mg／L左右）,研究了低温对反应器运行性能的影响。结果表明,温度从35℃下降至20℃对ABR的处理效率没有明显的影响,COD去除率仅下降了3％。各隔室的VFA均上升,前面隔室中上升幅度更大。当温度从20℃下降至15℃时,产氢产乙酸菌和产甲烷菌等受到较大影响,在13d的时间内COD去除率下降了近一半,降至40％～60％。     

浸没式厌氧膜生物反应器处理垃圾渗滤液的连续运行性能

厌氧消化是垃圾渗滤液处理的重要技术,常规厌氧工艺在处理过程中存在微生物易流失和出水水质较差等问题。采用厌氧膜生物反应器在中温条件下处理垃圾渗滤液,考察了废水降解性能和膜过滤性能。连续100 d的反应器运行实验表明:在水力停留时间为10 d,COD容积负荷平均为5.63 kg/(m3·d)的条件下,系统运行稳定,平均COD去除率达到92%,膜出水总挥发性脂肪酸浓度低于200 mg/L,pH稳定在7.95左右。在膜通量为6 L/(m2·h)下,连续62 d内的膜压增长缓慢,未出现明显的膜污染。批次产甲烷试验结果表明:渗滤液产甲烷潜能达到305 mL/g TS,与连续运行实验296 mL/g TS的产气效果接近,沼气中甲烷浓度可高达70%~80%。产气达到90%和95%的潜能分别用时2.5,3.1 d,说明反应器有进一步缩短水力停留时间的可能性。反应器驯化的厌氧活性污泥对乙酸有较好的耐受性,在乙酸浓度为10000 mg/L时,产气迟滞期仅为1.4 d。综合来看,长期运行厌氧膜生物反应器处理垃圾渗滤液具有较好的COD去除效果、运行稳定性和膜过滤性。     

厌氧折流板反应器处理难降解黄连素废水的研究

试验研究了4格室厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)处理浓度为50~300mg/L的难降解黄连素废水,包括启动实验和后续操作运行,共计175d,其中启动运行80d,反应温度控制在(32±1)℃.结果表明,采用低黄连素负荷的方法驯化污泥,其启动过程比较快, ABR反应器污泥经过80d的驯化培养后,微生物对黄连素具有一定的适应性;启动后逐渐提高进水黄连素浓度,最高达到300mg/L,当进水黄连素浓度为120mg/L时, ABR反应器的处理效果最好,COD和黄连素的去除率分别达到70%和95%左右,此时各格室污泥平均浓度分别达到24.06,24.76,27.76, 6.4g/L,污泥外观呈红褐色和黑色.     

IC反应器处理制药废水的颗粒污泥驯化和快速启动

试验研究了厌氧内循环(IC)反应器处理化工合成制药废水时,颗粒污泥的驯化培养启动过程.IC反应器控制在中温条件运行,接种颗粒污泥取自处理味精废水的厌氧上升流式污泥床反应器,驯化开始采用葡萄糖基质与制药废水混合废水,然后很快转化为全部是生物难降解的合成制药废水.结果表明,采用高负荷、高进水浓度的启动控制条件,经历23d的启动运行,IC反应器的容积负荷达到5 kgCOD/(m3·d), COD去除率达到70%~80%.在容积负荷达到7.4kgCOD/(m3·d)时,COD的去除率仍可稳定在70%左右.IC反应器中的成熟颗粒污泥形状规则、密实、粒径大.扫描电镜观察发现,颗粒污泥中古细菌产甲烷鬓毛菌(Methanosaetaceae)占优势. IC反应器处理难降解废水在高负荷、高进水浓度条件下可实现快速培养驯化和启动.     

A pilot-scale study of cryolite precipitation from high fluoride-containing wastewater in a reaction-separation integrated reactor

Fluoride removal by traditional precipitation generates huge amounts of a water-rich sludge with low quality, which has no commercial or industrial value. The present study evaluated the feasibility of recovering fluoride as low water content cryolite from industrial fluoride-containing wastewater. A novel pilot-scale reaction-separation integrated reactor was designed. The results showed that the seed retention time in the reactor was prolonged to strengthen the induced crystallization process. The particle size of cryolite increased with increasing seed retention time, which decreased the water content. The recovery rate of cryolite was above 75% under an influent fluoride concentration of 3500 mg/L, a reaction temperature of 50℃, and an influent flow of 40 L/hr. The cryolite products that precipitated from the reactor were small in volume, large in particle size, low in water content, high in crystal purity, and recyclable.     

Bioaugmentation with a pyridine-degrading bacterium in a membrane bioreactor treating pharmaceutical wastewater

The bacterial strain Paracoccus denitrificans W12, which could utilize pyridine as its sole source of carbon and nitrogen, was added into a membrane bioreactor （MBR） to enhance the treatment of a pharmaceutical wastewater. The treatment efliciencies investigated showed that the removal of chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus were similar between bioaugmented and non-bioaugmented MBRs, however, significant removal of pyridine was obtained in the bioaugmented reactor. When the hydraulic retention time was 60 hr and the influent concentration of pyridine was 250-500 mg/L, the mean effluent concentration of pyridine without adding W12 was 57.2 mg/L, while the pyridine was degraded to an average of 10.2 mg/L with addition of W12. The bacterial community structure of activated sludge during the bioaugmented treatment was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （PCR-DGGE）. The results showed that the W12 inoculum reversed the decline of microbial community diversity, however, the similarity between bacterial community structure of the original sludge and that of the sludge after bioaugmentation decreased steadily during the wastewater treatment. Sequencing of the DNA recovered from DGGE gel indicated that sp., Sphingobium sp., Comamonas sp., and Hyphomicrobium sp. were the dominant organisms in time sequence in the bacterial community in the bioaugmented MBR. This implied that the bioaugmentation was affected by the adjustment of whole bacterial community structure in the inhospitable environment, rather than being due solely to the degradation performance of the bacterium added.     

EGSB-MBR组合工艺处理糖蜜发酵废水效能研究

实验采用厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)反应器与好氧膜生物反应器(MBR)组合工艺对糖蜜发酵废水进行处理.重点考察了组合工艺对发酵废水的处理效能,包括甲烷的产生效率、污染物(COD、NH4+-N和TN)的去除效能.实验结果表明:控温条件下[(35±1)℃]、进水COD约为2250mg/L、pH在为6.0左右时,EGSB对发酵废水的COD去除率可达75.6%,甲烷的容积产气速率为0.48m3/(m3·d).MBR在溶解氧(DO)为1~2mg/L左右时,采用曝气-搅拌交替运行方式处理EGSB出水,可以实现同步硝化反硝化,并且在曝气3h-搅拌1h交替运行条件下,NH4+-N、TN去除率分别为85.13%、58.57%,而最终COD去除率达到85%.     

氨氮负荷对膜曝气生物膜反应器部分亚硝化性能的影响

对不同进水氨氮负荷下中试膜曝气生物膜反应器(MABR)部分亚硝化性能进行了考察,旨在确定在MABR中启动、优化和维持稳定亚硝化的控制策略.在进水氨氮表面负荷由(4.9±0.4)g·m-2·d-1(以N计,下同)升至(9.1±0.5)g·m-2·d-1的过程中,MABR氨氮去除负荷可以达到(5.7±0.5)g·m-2·d-1.当进水氨氮负荷为7.4 g·m-2·d-1时,本试验MABR部分亚硝化效果最佳,亚硝化率可达96.3%.部分亚硝化的维持需要控制合适的生物膜厚度,当生物膜厚度在110~170μm之间时,MABR亚硝化率在90%左右,能够有效实现对亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)的抑制和亚硝酸盐的积累.利用微生物比氧利用率(SOURAOB)来反映生物膜中氨氧化菌(AOB)的活性,发现MABR生物膜的SOURAOB可达(133.9±31.1)mg·g-1·h-1(以每g SS利用的O2量(mg)计).实时定量PCR结果也表明AOB为MABR生物膜中的优势菌群,其微生物丰度比接种污泥高出3个数量级.通过调控进水氨氮负荷和生物膜厚度,维持AOB的种群优势和高活性并同时抑制NOB的活性,可以实现MABR的稳定部分亚硝化.     

United membrane biological reactor in the treatment of wastewater

The united membrane biological reactor(UMBR) was studied for the treatment of some simulate and municipal wastewater. The removal efficiency for COD and turbidity are greater than 80% and 99% respectively. Effluent COD is less than 100 mg/L while turbidity less than 5. The removal of LAS in bath wastewater is greater than 70%. In treatment of dinning-hall wastewater, removal of fatty oil is greater than 90%, and its concentration in effluent is less than 5 mg/L. The match of biological reactor and the membrane separation component were calculated. The stable performance of wastewater treatment can be maintained by the optimization of operation conditions and the eleanout of membranes.     

移动床生物膜反应器用于苯酚废水处理的性能研究

实验应用移动床生物膜反应器处理人工配制的苯酚废水,研究了在不同的苯酚进水浓度和不同的水力停留时间时苯酚的去除效率,以及反应器对冲击负荷的承受能力.结果表明,在水力停留时间为24 h、苯酚进水浓度从200 mg·L-逐渐上升至1400 mg·L-1以及苯酚进水浓度1000 mg·L-1、水力停留时间从32 h逐渐降至16 h的条件下,苯酚均能够被完全去除.对冲击负荷,MBBR具有较强的承受能力.由荧光原位杂交技术分析可知,酵母菌和真细菌是反应器中降解苯酚的主要微生物.说明移动床生物膜工艺能够高效地用于苯酚废水处理之中.     

发酵制药废水二级出水中溶解性有机物特性分析

溶解性有机物(DOM)是发酵制药废水二级生化尾水深度处理工艺的主要去除对象,深入解析废水中DOM的特性是将其有效去除的前提和关键.本研究采集氨基酸类、头孢类、抗生素类、维生素类、阿维菌素类5种发酵制药废水二级出水,通过XAD-8树脂亲疏水性分离、凝胶色谱分子量分级、傅里叶变换红外光谱和三维荧光表征对二级出水中的DOM进...     

The nitritation performance of biofilm reactor for treating domestic wastewater under high dissolved oxygen

The objective of this study was to investigate the nitritation performance in a biofilm reactor for treating domestic wastewater.The reactor was operated in continuous feed mode from phases 1 to 3.The dissolved oxygen(DO)was controlled at 3.5–7 mg/L throughout the experiment.The biofilm reactor showed excellent nitritation performance after the inoculation of nitrifying sludge,with the hydraulic retention time being reduced from 24 to 7 hr.Above 90%nitrite accumulation ratio(NAR)was maintained in phase 1.Afterwards,nitratation occurred with the low NH_4~+–N concentration in the reactor.The improvement of NH_4~+–N concentration to 20–35 mg/L had a limited effect on the recovery of nitritation.However,nitritation recovered rapidly when sequencing batch feed mode was adopted in phase 4,with the effluent NH_4~+-N concentration above 7 mg/L.The improvement of ammonia oxidizing bacteria(AOB)activity and the combined inhibition effect of free ammonia(FA)and free nitrous acid(FNA)on the nitrite oxidizing bacteria(NOB)were two key factors for the rapid recovery of nitritation.Sludge activity was obtained in batch tests.The results of batch tests had a good relationship with the long term operation performance of the biofilm reactor.