复合功能树脂吸附处理2-氨基吡啶生产废水的研究

采用中和法对2-氨基吡啶生产废水进行预处理,然后采用NDA-88复合功能吸附树脂固定床工艺对预处理过的废水进行动态吸附和脱附.实验结果表明,NDA-88树脂对2-氨基吡啶的吸附量为150.1 mg/g.每个周期处理废水30 BV(床体积),前12 BV出水COD由2 800mg/L降至100mg/L以下,后18BV出水...     

特种化工废水的生物毒性、抑制性研究

某厂特种有机废水 ,含季铵盐和羟乙基纤维素。研究表明 ,他们在浓度分别超过 1 2 0 mg/L和 2 2 0 mg/L时 ,呈现生物毒性或抑制性 ,且随浓度增高而严重影响废水生化处理效果。当水样中季铵盐浓度小于 1 2 0 mg/L,羟乙基纤维素浓度小于 2 2 0 mg/L时 ,它们不具生物毒性 ,可作为营养物质被微生物利用。废水动态模拟试验表明 ,进水 CODCr30 0 0 mg/L的废水 ,用接触厌氧—好氧生化法能使出水达到当地排放标准。     

高寒地区饮用水处理中离子交换除硼中试

温度影响物质在环境中的存在形态及其生化反应速率,而高寒地区由于常年低温,常规处理方式是否能有效去除该地区污染物仍有待研究。基于此,选用硼选择性螯合树脂处理某高寒地区硼超标地下水,通过现场中试探讨工艺运行参数及效果,采用FTIR、SEM和BET表征探究树脂除硼机理。结果表明:16 BV/h(BV:树脂床体积,1 BV=22.5 L)的进水流速适用于该工程,此时的出水水质可达到GB 5749—2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》;树脂柱的穿透点为871.11 BV,树脂的交换容量为3.58 mg/g;树脂再生水中硼浓度为342.81 mg/L,可用作硼产品生产原料。树脂除硼后,树脂表面羟基官能团含量和孔容减少,且表面出现明显的褶皱,说明树脂对硼的去除过程包括颗粒内扩散和螯合过程。该试验结果可为高寒地区硼超标水处理提供理论支持和技术参考。     

The integration of methanogenesis with denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation in an expaned granular sludge bed reactor

The integration of methanogenesis with denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) was studied in an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor in this work. Experimental results from the continuous treatment of wastewater with nitrite and ammonium, which lasted for 107 days, demonstrated that wastewater with high nitrite and ammonium could be anaerobically treated in an expanded granular sludge bed reactor. More than 91% to 97% of COD were removed at up to about 3.9 g COD/(L x d) of COD volumetric loading rate. More than 97% to 100% of nitrite was denitrified at up to about 0.8 g NO2(-) -N/(L x d), which is 16 times higher than that in a conventional activated sludge system with nitrification/denitrification (0.05 gN/(L x d)). No dissimilatory reduction of nitrite to ammonium occurred in the process. However, maximum of about 40% ammonium was found to be lost. Batch tests of 15 days with sludge from the reactor showed that 100% of nitrite was denitrified completely, and about 3% of ammonium was removed when only ammonium (34.3 mg/L) and nitrite (34.3 mg/ L) were added into the sludge suspension medium. Furthermore, about 15% of ammonium amounts were lost with organic COD addition. It suggested that the methanogenesis in the system could enhance ANAMMOX because of intermediate hydrogen produced during methanogenesis.     

移动床膜生物反应器同步硝化反硝化特性

采用挂膜填料代替传统膜生物反应器(MBR)的活性污泥,构建一种新型的移动床膜生物反应器 (MBMBR),考察其处理模拟生活污水的效果及同步硝化反硝化(SND)特性.结果表明,移动床膜生物反应器运行67 d,对模拟生活污水表现出良好的去除有机物及同步硝化反硝化能力.进水COD浓度为573.5～997.7 mg/L时,膜出水COD去除率为88.3%～99.2%.进水氨氮浓度为45.5～99.2 mg/L时,膜出水氨氮去除率为72.1%～99.8%,总氮去除率为62.0%～96.3%.批式实验结果表明,生物膜去除总氮的最佳溶解氧浓度为1 mg/L,其中氨氮和总氮去除率分别为100%和60%.生物膜系统内可能存在好氧反硝化现象.DO为3 mg/L且有机碳源充足时,生物膜总氮去除率为99.0%,SND率达到99.8%.扫描电镜对生物膜的观察发现生物膜内部存在着明显的孔隙,有利于溶解氧和有机基质从外界向生物膜内部传递.     

利用BAF提取糖蜜酒精废液中钾的实验研究

研究α-改性沸石对钾的吸附性能,分离和提取钾元素。通过静态试验,得出了改性沸石对K+的吸附容量为36.13mg/g沸石,当温度为25℃时,吸附等温线可以用Freundlich吸附公式来进行拟合,相关系数R2>0.983。利用α-改性沸石为介质的BAF反应器对糖蜜酒精废液进行提钾的实验研究,结果表明,在温度25～30℃,进水COD浓度1500～1800mg/L,NH3-N浓度180～210mg/L,钾(K+)浓度0.65～0.75g/L、pH7～9,水力负荷3.0m3(/m.2d)和气水比为3:1条件下,系统稳定运行,钾的吸附率达90%以上,洗脱富钾液中钾(K+)浓度可达38g/L。为生态型提钾的工程应用奠定基础。     

The integration of methanogenesis with denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation in an expanded granular sludge bed reactor

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低铵污水灌溉下土壤中硝化作用试验研究

为模拟含低浓度铵的污水灌溉条件下土壤中硝化作用，采用了铵盐溶液(50mg/LNH4Cl)连续淋沥土壤，进行了垂向土柱试验研究，测定了土柱不同深度氮化合物的浓度。结果表明：低铵浓度污水灌溉下土壤溶液中的硝化作用主要是在30cm内发生的，NO3—N的浓度在30cm左右达到峰值。随后由于脱氮等作用，浓度迅速下降，在100cm处减小到10mg/L左右，在40cm以下土壤中未测出NH4—N。     

选择性离子交换法脱除水中NH3-N

采用储量较大的黑龙江省嫩江天然斜发沸石,对其脱除NH_3-N的能力、预处理及洗脱再生方法、交换平衡、交换动力学等进行系统的研究,并对沸石床层的交换过程进行数学模型计算。     

High phosphate removal using La(OH)3 loaded chitosan based composites and mechanistic study

Our present study was to prepare a biomass-supported adsorbents with high adsorptive capacity and high selectivity to prevent the accelerated eutrophication in water body. To this end, different metal hydroxide (La, Zr and Fe) first was successfully loaded on chitosan microspheres. Then the quaternary ammonium group with different content was introduced into the adsorbent by polymerization. By comparison of adsorption properties, chitosan-La(OH)₃-quaternary ammonium-20% (CS-La-N-20%) has strong adsorption to phosphate (160 mg/g) by immobilizing nano-sized La(OH)₃ within a quaternary-aminated chitosan and it maintain high adsorption in the presence of salt ions. The pH results indicated that the CS-La-N-20% would effectively sequestrate phosphate over a wide pH range between 3 and 7 without significant La³⁺ leaching. What's more, adsorption capacity on the introduce of positively charged quanternary-aminated groups was significantly higher than that of the unmodified adsorbents at alkaline conditions. The column adsorption capacity reached 1300 bed volumes (BV) when phosphate concentration decreased until 0.5 mg/L at 6 BV/hr. The column adsorption/desorption reveals that no significant capacity loss is observed, indicating excellent stability and repeated use property. Characterizations revealed that phosphate adsorption on CS-La-N-20% through ligand exchange (impregnated nano-La(OH)₃) and electrostatic attraction (positively charged quanternary-aminated groups). All the results suggested that CS-La-N-20% can serve as a promising adsorbent for preferable phosphate removal in realistic application.     

固定化微藻流化床反应器去除低碳污水中氨氮的潜力

以固定化微藻颗粒为原料,通过搭建流化床反应器强化微藻对氨氮（NH₄⁺-N）的去除,设计了藻种、污水上升流速、光周期和光照强度四组单一变量实验,系统地研究了不同条件下微藻去除NH₄⁺-N的能力.结果表明,当以固定化斜生栅藻为原料、污水上升流速为6.8m/h、光周期为8：16h和光照强度为4800Lux时,NH₄⁺-N去除效果最优（96.7%）.在最优操作条件下,探究了COD为200mg/L时微藻去除NH₄⁺-N的潜力,结果表明,当NH₄⁺-N初始浓度不高于50mg/L时,NH₄⁺-N去除率高于95%.本实验建立了一套半连续微藻流化床实验方法,该方法显著减弱了微藻在生物同化过程中对有机碳源的依赖性,为低COD条件下微藻生物脱氮工艺的设计提供了技术参考和理论基础.     

用CARIX工艺处理饮用水的研究

利用呈游离酸型的弱酸阳离子交换树脂和呈重碳酸盐型的阴离子交换树脂组合成混床,从饮用水中联合去除硝酸盐、硫酸盐和硬度。二氧化碳作为再生剂同时再生两种树脂。为提高阴树脂的再生效率,研究了添加剂的种类和最宜加入量。混床与复床的比较表明:混床优于复床,它的产水量达50个床体积以上,再生用水仅需5个床体积。     

水解酸化-反硝化-硝化组合工艺处理土霉素废水的效果

采用水解酸化 反硝化 硝化的组合工艺对土霉素废水进行实验室规模连续处理 ,水解酸化和反硝化均采用上向流污泥床 ,硝化采用2个使用不同填料的生物膜反应器 ,稳定运行 70d .当进水COD和NH₄⁺-N浓度分别为2200～3000mg/L和400～460mg/L时 ,该系统在总水力停留时间为56h的条件下 ,稳定实现80%以上的COD和TN去除率 .生物处理出水经48mg/L聚合硫酸铁(以铁计)处理后COD降至293mg/L,实现了废水的达标排放.     

改性壳聚糖季铵盐的研制及其对高氯酸盐的吸附研究

通过将壳聚糖季铵盐改性以实现固定化,并用于水体中ClO 4-的吸附去除,研究了改性过程相关工艺参数对产物吸附能力的影响,考察了产物的吸附和再生性能.结果表明,戊二醛的交联性能优于甲醛和环氧氯丙烷的交联性能,戊二醛的最佳投加量为6.82%,最佳的反应温度为45℃,pH值在3～12之间交联反应均能很好地进行,从而实现壳聚糖...     

厌氧好氧一体生物滤池处理选矿废水的研究

采用上流式厌氧好氧一体化生物滤池处理模拟选矿废水中的黄药和重金属Zn2+、Pb2+。以乙基钾黄药为唯一碳源配置滤池进水,在HRT为6 h,DO为3 mg/L,进水中不含重金属离子的情况下,滤池的COD平均去除率能达到89.2%,D平均浓度为43 mg/L。滤池较为适应中性偏弱碱性的进水,过高或过低的进水pH都将对滤池运行造成负面影响。滤其出水CO池对Zn2+的去除效果要好于Pb2+。当进水中Zn2+和Pb2+浓度分别在30.0 mg/L和3.0 mg/L以下时,出水中的Zn2+、Pb2+浓度分别在1.5 mg/L和0.5 mg/L以下,符合《铅锌工业污染物排放标准》(GB25466-2010)中相关要求。进水中存在重金属Zn2+、Pb2+时,会对滤池降解黄药的能力产生负面影响。其中,Pb2+的影响要大于Zn2+。     

Decolorization of azo dyes with high salt concentration by salt-tolerant mixed cultures under anaerobic conditions

Because the lack of detailed study of biological decolorization in high salt dye wastewater, it is still difficult to evaluate the biological treatment on high-salinity dye wastewater. The experiments were carried out to study the salt-tolerant bacteria, which is useful in the treatment of high-salinity colored wastewater. Simulated wastewater containing 5-150 g/L salt （NaCI） and 50-2000 mg/L Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP was treated with three salt-tolerant mixed cultures （CAS, TAS, DSAS）, which were under a gradually acclimated procedure. With the increase of concentrations of salt and dye, the decolorization became low. The abilities of decolorization of dyes wastewater by three mixed cultures （CAS, TAS, DSAS） were studied, CAS and DSAS mixed cultures showed more active for the treatment of high-salinity colored wastewater than TAS mixed cultures. The results suggested that there might be a simple process for the high salt wastewater treatment, which could be incorporated into conventional activated sludge plants.     

碳酸钾-三乙烯四胺复合溶液吸收模拟烟气中CO_2试验研究

本菲尔溶液在工业脱除二氧化碳中已获得较广泛的应用,但存在吸收速率差、再生负荷高等缺点。开发新型复合溶液成为目前研究热点。采用搅拌实验装置,研究不同配比的碳酸钾-TETA复合溶液对烟道气中二氧化碳的吸收和解吸性能,揭示了吸收速率、吸收容量与酸碱度、时间之间的内在联系,并对CO2从复合溶液中初始逸出温度、溶液再生温度、溶液再生率、再生前后溶液pH下降率进行了细致记录分析。实验结果表明:碳酸钾-TETA复合溶液配比为0.6∶0.4时吸收效果最佳,吸收量约为0.914mol/L;同时再生温度最低,为106℃;再生率最高,为96.7%。与相同配比的碳酸钾-MEA(一乙醇胺)、碳酸钾-DEA(二乙醇胺)、碳酸钾-DETA(二乙烯三胺)复合溶液相比具有一定再生优势。实验结果还表明碳酸钾-TETA复合体系之间存在正交互作用。     

苯胺对间歇及连续运行硝化过程的毒性抑制试验

以经过驯化的苯胺降解菌和硝化菌作为菌源,在悬浮污泥间歇反应器中及三相流化床反应器中分别考察了间歇及连续进水2种工艺条件下苯胺对硝化过程的毒性抑制作用.结果表明,苯胺对悬浮污泥间歇反应器中的硝化菌有较强的抑制作用,仅当苯胺浓度低于3 mg/L时,硝化菌的活性才能逐渐恢复,且恢复的时间随着苯胺的初始浓度的增高而延长.实验结果还显示,适宜的水力停留时间(HRT)是保证三相流化床中苯胺成功降解及硝化脱氮的关键工艺条件.当进水苯胺浓度为200 mg/L,HRT为10 h时,反应液中苯胺浓度为6.58 mg/L,硝化率可达84.95%,由此表明膜硝化反应器抵抗苯胺毒性抑制的能力强于悬浮污泥硝化反应器,在工业上采用三相流化床膜硝化反应器对含毒性有机物的废水进行硝化脱氮处理是有实际应用价值的.     

常温限氧条件下SBR反应器中的部分亚硝化研究

常温下(14.1～24.2℃)以二级出水(NH 4-N 30～100 mg/L)为原水,在限氧条件下(DO为0.3～0.4 mg/L)的SBR反应器中研究了适合ANAMMOX工艺进水的部分亚硝化工艺.ANAMMOX反应器进水要求NH 4/NO-2=1/1.31,即仅有一部分氨氮形成亚硝酸盐.研究中通过控制进水碱度,以在线DO趋势线为指示,实现部分亚硝化,最终获得NH 4-N/NO-2-N合适比例的出水.当约57%的氨氮转化为亚硝酸盐时,同等比例的HCO-3/NH 4消耗会导致pH值的自然下降.当pH值下降到一定程度时,氨氧化细菌代谢速率的减小导致了耗氧速率(OUR)的急剧下降,DO趋势线就会出现突跃的特征点(本研究以DO突跃至1.0 mg/L为判别),指示出部分亚硝化反应的终点.试验对30～100 mg/L范围内4种氨氮浓度条件下部分亚硝化的最佳碱度进行了研究.结果表明,本试验中进水碱度与氨氮浓度的比率是影响部分亚硝化工艺出水亚硝化比率(NO-2,NH 4)的重要因素,通过对进水碱度的控制完全可以实现向ANAMMOX反应器提供进水的部分亚硝化工艺.     

氧化吹脱-离子交换处理2-萘酚生产废水研究

详细分析了2-萘酚生产废水特性,采用前置吹脱氧化,离子交换组合工艺处理并讨论了过程影响因素.实验结果表明,废水有较强的酸度和缓冲能力,在常温、流速1BV/h和正常pH条件下,COD去除率大于97%,可以回收98%以上的萘磺酸盐,采用该处理方案可有效处理2-萘酚生产废水,并可做到中间体回收、水回用,具有较高的经济和技术可行性.