共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 437 毫秒
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CCS(CO2捕获和封存)技术在中国受到了越来越广泛的关注和重视.中国政府和许多企业都认为CCUS(CO2捕捉、利用和封存)将在中国中长期CO2减排战略中发挥重要作用.地质封存是CCS技术上最具挑战性的一个环节,也是环境风险和环境影响最大的环节.当前国际上CO2地质封存项目发展很快,但中国在CO2地质封存尤其是环境监测领域仍处在初步阶段,积极借鉴国际典型项目的经验和教训,无疑对中国CO2地质封存的发展具有重要意义. 相似文献
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《安全与环境工程》2020,(2)
二氧化碳(CO_2)的持续排放被认为是目前全球变暖的主要原因之一,而CO_2捕集与封存(CCS)技术是近年来提出的一种大规模、低成本的碳减排技术。在CCS技术中,由于封存在地下的CO_2可能会发生逃离封存区域、向封存位置以外的区域泄漏或渗漏的现象,一旦发生泄漏,将会对环境以及周围生物造成影响,甚至破环生态环境平衡,所以对于可能泄漏或渗漏CO_2的监测与识别是CCS系统安全保障的重要环节。概述了CCS技术及其发展历程,分析了CO_2地质封存潜在的泄漏风险,并总结了目前国内外在封储CO_2泄漏监测技术或方法方面的研究进展,为CO_2以及天然气等其他气体封储安全监测提供理论支持。 相似文献
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王新 《环境与可持续发展》2011,36(5):53-57
为应对气候变化,许多国家都在关注利用碳捕获与封存(carbon capture and storage,CCS)技术减排,我国也积极与欧美国家进行CCS技术研发和示范项目合作。然而,该技术在碳捕获、运输与封存阶段存在一系列环境风险,尤其封存阶段环境风险难以预知和控制。为此建议:第一,高度重视潜在环境影响,加强CCS技术环境影响评价管理;第二,加强现在运行项目的环境监管,完善CCS项目的环境管理规定;第三,支持CCS技术的产业化应用,同时推进CCS技术试验与研究工作。 相似文献
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温室效应加剧带来的一系列环境问题日益严重,二氧化碳捕集与封存(CCS)技术是短期内应对温室效应问题的一种有效技术方法。CCS技术主要包括CO2捕集、运输和封存,首先简要说明CCS技术的基本原理和技术特点,并详细介绍了国外、国内CO2强化采油技术的应用及发展情况。 相似文献
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Stefan Grönkvist Kenneth Möllersten Kim Pingoud 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2006,11(5-6):1083-1096
Carbon dioxide capture and permanent storage (CCS) is one of the most frequently discussed technologies with the potential to mitigate climate change. The natural target for CCS has been the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil energy sources. However, CCS has also been suggested in combination with biomass during recent years. Given that the impact on the earth's radiative balance is the same whether CO2 emissions of a fossil or a biomass origin are captured and stored away from the atmosphere, we argue that an equal reward should be given for the CCS, independent of the origin of the CO2. The guidelines that provide assistance for the national greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting under the Kyoto Protocol have not considered CCS from biomass (biotic CCS) and it appears that it is not possible to receive emission credits for biotic CCS under the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol, i.e., 2008–2012. We argue that it would be unwise to exclude this GHG mitigation alternative from the competition with other GHG mitigation options. We also propose a feasible approach as to how emission credits for biotic CCS could be included within a future accounting framework. 相似文献
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利用油藏封存CO_2是缓解温室效应的重要途径,CO_2扩散逃逸在整个封存体内广泛存在,因此有必要研究扩散逃逸对封存效果的破坏强度。通过理论分析,建立了能够描述油藏封存CO_2后扩散逃逸行为的物理模型和数学模型。结果表明:示范区在1万年累计逃逸量为0.178×104t,1万年累计逃逸量和封存量比值为0.067%,需要1470万年CO_2才能全部逃逸,扩散逃逸对封存破坏甚微。研究结果为CO_2封存效果评价提供了新指标,也为盆地级封存体扩散逃逸量计算提供了方法。 相似文献
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随着全球气候变暖效应的加剧,如何降低大气中二氧化碳含量成为一个焦点问题,二氧化碳的地质封存及资源化利用成为可选的有效途径。目前,二氧化碳封存及二氧化碳提高石油采收率的项目已遍布世界各地,但是其存在的环境风险不容忽视。本文从二氧化碳的封存原理出发,具体分析了二氧化碳地质封存的风险来源及其可能对环境、人体、生态等造成的危害,同时结合二氧化碳提高石油采收率工程的特殊性进行了风险分析,并鉴于我国目前并没有相应的风险评价导则,提出了下一步需要根据相应的风险类型制定出一套适合我国二氧化碳地质封存的风险评价体系的建议。 相似文献
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CO2收集封存战略及其对我国远期减缓CO2排放的潜在作用 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
碳收集封存(CCS)已被广泛地认为是一种潜在的、可供选择的CO2减排方案,以稳定大气中CO2浓度、减缓气候变化.本文介绍了CCS的3大环节:碳的捕获、运输与储存,对不同捕获技术及其技术经济参数进行分析评价,介绍了不同碳地质储存的机理、潜力与成本, 以及CCS的应用对全球减缓碳排放的作用.更新中国MARKAL模型,加入各种可能的CCS技术,特别是考虑CCS的煤间接液化以及多联产技术,以同时考虑石油安全与CO2减排.通过设置不同的情景,应用中国MARKAL模型研究了CCS对我国远期(到2050年)减缓CO2排放的潜在作用,结果表明,CCS技术的应用不仅可能减少我国的碳排放,降低边际碳减排成本(碳减排率50%时,下降率达45%),减轻高减排率时对核电的高度依赖,还可能使我国更长时间地清洁利用煤炭资源(在C70情景下,2050年煤在一次能源消费中的比例可从10%增到30%).我国应重视对CCS技术的研发以及示范项目的建设. 相似文献
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Peter Viebahn Daniel Vallentin Samuel H?ller Manfred Fischedick 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2012,17(6):707-730
The study presents the results of an integrated assessment of carbon capture and storage (CCS) in the power plant sector in Germany, with special emphasis on the competition with renewable energy technologies. Assessment dimensions comprise technical, economic and environmental aspects, long-term scenario analysis, the role of stakeholders and public acceptance and regulatory issues. The results lead to the overall conclusion that there might not necessarily be a need to focus additionally on CCS in the power plant sector. Even in case of ambitious climate protection targets, current energy policy priorities (expansion of renewable energies and combined heat and power plants as well as enhanced energy productivity) result in a limited demand for CCS. In case that the large energy saving potential aimed for can only partly be implemented, the rising gap in CO2 reduction could only be closed by setting up a CCS-maximum strategy. In this case, up to 22% (41 GW) of the totally installed load in 2050 could be based on CCS. Assuming a more realistic scenario variant applying CCS to only 20 GW or lower would not be sufficient to reach the envisaged climate targets in the electricity sector. Furthermore, the growing public opposition against CO2 storage projects appears as a key barrier, supplemented by major uncertainties concerning the estimation of storage potentials, the long-term cost development as well as the environmental burdens which abound when applying a life-cycle approach. However, recently, alternative applications are being increasingly considered?Cthat is the capture of CO2 at industrial point sources and biomass based energy production (electricity, heat and fuels) where assessment studies for exploring the potentials, limits and requirements for commercial use are missing so far. Globally, CCS at power plants might be an important climate protection technology: coal-consuming countries such as China and India are increasingly moving centre stage into the debate. Here, similar investigations on the development and the integration of both, CCS and renewable energies, into the individual energy system structures of such countries would be reasonable. 相似文献
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碳捕集与封存(CCS)技术是当前抑制大气中CO2过快增长的有效方法,但在CCS项目实施过程中仍存在CO2泄漏而影响地表环境及生态的风险.本研究以龙粳31号和龙稻18号为实验对象,模拟研究地质封存CO2以不同速率泄漏对稻田水环境基础水质指标DCO2、pH、DO和ORP的影响,探讨稻田水对地质封存CO2泄漏的响应规律.结果表明:CO2泄漏对稻田水的DCO2、pH、DO和ORP长期影响显著,不同CO2泄漏速率对稻田水质指标的影响差异显著.在各指标平衡后,稻田水各水质指标均呈现明显的日变化规律,其中DCO2呈早晚高、午间低的先减后增规律,而pH、DO和ORP均呈早晚低、午间高的先增后减规律.根据各指标差异性分析,建议将稻田水DCO2作为稻田系统CO2泄漏监测的主要指标,将pH、DO、ORP作为CO2泄漏监测的辅助指标. 相似文献
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Lan-Cui Liu Qi Li Jiu-Tian Zhang Dong Cao 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2016,21(2):191-207
China encourages the demonstration of carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects. In an effort to identify gaps and provide suggestions for environmental risk management of carbon dioxide (CO2) geological storage in China, this article presents a concise overview of potential health, safety and environmental (HSE) risks and environmental management regulations for CO2 geological storage in Australia, Japan, the United States (USA), the European Union (EU), and the United Kingdom (UK). The environmental impact assessment (EIA) experience of Shenhua Ordos Coal-to-Liquid (CTL) Project and PetroChina Jilin Oil Field enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is subsequently analyzed in light of our field investigation, and gaps in current EIA guidelines that are applicable to CO2 geological storage projects are identified. It is found that there are no specific environmental risk regulations suitable for CO2 storage in China, and environmental risk management lags behind the development of CCS technology, which presents a challenge to demonstration enterprises in terms of assessing environmental risk. One major challenge is the overestimation or underestimation of this risk on the part of the enterprise, and another is a lack of applicable regulations for government sectors to supervise the risk throughout CCS projects. Therefore, there is a pressing need for China to formulate environmental management regulations that include environmental risk assessment, mandatory monitoring schemes, environmental emergency plans, and related issues. 相似文献