Remediating Contaminated Groundwater With Low‐Capacity Injection and Nonpumped Wells

This modeling study evaluated the capability of low‐capacity wells injecting clean water and nonpumped wells equipped with filter media for containing and removing a contaminant plume in groundwater. Outcomes were compared for configurations of: (1) nonpumped wells, (2) nonpumped wells and injection wells (injecting less than 1 m³/d), and (3) no wells (baseline scenario). Results suggest that hybrid configurations featuring both types of wells can be an effective, low‐cost strategy for containing and remediating contaminated groundwater. Strategically positioned injection wells funnel contaminant plumes toward nonpumped wells, thus requiring fewer nonpumped wells to contain and remove a contaminant plume. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

硝基苯生产废水处理技术进展

介绍了硝基苯废水的主要处理方法——化学氧化法、生物降解法和物理法,综述了近年来国内外对这3种处理方法的研究进展,指出目前尚未出现具有显著经济和环境优势的处理方法,同时还指出硝基苯废水处理技术近期的进展可能将更多地取决于现有处理技术的综合应用。     

1,4‐Dioxane Treatment Technologies

The chlorinated solvent stabilizer 1,4‐dioxane (DX) has become an unexpected and recalcitrant groundwater contaminant at many sites across the United States. Chemical characteristics of DX, such as miscibility and low sorption potential, enable it to migrate at least as far as the chlorinated solvent from which it often originates. This mobility and recalcitrance has challenged remediation professionals to redesign existing treatment systems and monitoring networks to accommodate widespread contamination. Furthermore, remediation technologies commonly applied to chlorinated solvent co‐contaminants, such as extraction and air stripping or in situ enhanced reductive dechlorination, are relatively ineffective on DX removal. These difficulties in treatment have required the industry to identify, develop, and demonstrate new and innovative technologies and approaches for both ex situ and in situ treatment of this emerging contaminant. Great strides have been made over the past decade in the development and testing of remediation technologies for removal or destruction of DX in groundwater. This article briefly summarizes the fate and transport characteristics of DX that make it difficult to treat, and presents technologies that have been demonstrated to be applicable to groundwater treatment at the field scale.  ©2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

石油化工废水处理技术新进展

针对石油化工废水处理领域目前尚存在的问题,介绍了有关石油化工废水处理的各种方法,阐述了物理化学处理技术、生物处理技术、生物法与物理化学法组合技术等方面的研究进展,指出难生物降解废水的处理是继续研发的重点.     

电镀污泥处理技术的研究进展

电镀污泥中含有大量的铬、镉、镍、锌等重金属，是一种典型的危险废物。综述了近年来国内外对电镀污泥处理技术的研究进展，包括固化／稳定化技术、热化学处理技术、有价金属回收技术和材料化技术等。对主要处理技术的应用前景进行了分析，认为热化学处理技术将成为未来电镀污泥处理领域内的一个重要研究方向。     

Treatment of Highly Contaminated Groundwater: A SITE Demonstration Project

From September through November 1994, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) conducted a field demonstration of the remediation of highly contaminated groundwater at the Nascolite Superfund site located in Millville, New Jersey. Besides high concentrations of the major contaminant, methyl methacrylate (MMA), the groundwater also contained small amounts of volatile and semivolatile organic compounds. ZenoGem® technology, an integrated bioreactor and ultrafiltration membrane system, was employed for this demonstration project. Approximately 30,000 gallons of groundwater containing MMA in concentrations of 567 to 9,500 milligrams per liter (mg/L) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) values ranging from 1,490 to 19,600 mg/L was treated. The demonstration focused on the system's ability to remove MMA and reduce COD from the groundwater. Results of the three‐month demonstration showed that average MMA and COD removal efficiencies were greater than 99.9 and 86.9, respectively. The total cost of treatment, depending on the duration of the project, is estimated to vary from $0.22 to $0.55 (in 1994 dollars) per gallon of groundwater treated. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons.     

铬渣无害化处理技术研究进展

综述了铬渣无害化处理技术的研究进展,分析了各种技术在实际应用过程中的效果,指出各种处理技术的优缺点,详细介绍了固化法中水泥固化和药剂稳定化两种处理技术,提出开发重金属螯合剂是今后铬渣稳定化处理的研究方向.     

国内甲醇废水处理技术应用现状

介绍了汽化法、厌氧生物处理法和好氧化生物处理法在国内甲醇废水处理中的应用情况,存在的问题,并提出了一些改进建议。     

挥发性有机化合物处理技术的研究进展

简要介绍了挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）的来源、危害以及控制的意义,对VOCs现有处理技术从回收方法和消除方法两个方面进行了详细评述,并指出其优势和不足。同时,着重阐述了光催化氧化法以及变压吸附技术的研究进展,并提出了进一步研究的方向。     

铬渣解毒处理处置技术综述

简要介绍了国内外铬盐生产现状和铬渣堆存现状,对铬渣解毒处理处置技术的五大类方法进行了评述,着重对铬渣干法解毒处理处置技术进行了研究。分析了各方法的优缺点和存在的主要问题,提出了铬渣治理要求及今后的发展方向。     

造纸废水处理技术应用及研究进展

介绍了造纸废水处理技术的应用现状及研究进展,总结了物理法、物理化学法、生物法、生态法和联合法对造纸废水COD等的去除效果及运行状况.提出:联合法是处理造纸废水的最佳方法;联合法高效率的充分发挥需要新型混凝剂的开发、微生物培养等技术的更新与支持.     

内循环曝气生物滤池深度处理含油废水

将内循环曝气生物滤池(IRBAF)用于石化企业含油废水的深度处理.运行试验结果表明,IRBAF进出水中COD、ρ(氨氮)和ρ(石油类)平均值分别由153.2,8.8,8.5 mg/L降至82.3,1.4,5.1 mg/L,去除率分别为46.3％、84.1％和40.0％.处理1t水运行成本仅为0.30元.装置运行后,每年向环境中排放的COD、氨氮和石油类分别减少124.04,12.96,5.95 t,每年可节水1 680 kt,节水效益336万元.     

An In Situ Bioreactor for the Treatment of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Groundwater

Two pilot tests of an aerobic in situ bioreactor (ISBR) have been conducted at field sites contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons. The two sites differed with respect to hydrocarbon concentrations. At one site, concentrations were low but persistent, and at the other site concentrations were high enough to be inhibitory to biodegradation. The ISBR unit is designed to enhance biodegradation of hydrocarbons by stimulating indigenous microorganisms. This approach builds on existing Bio‐Sep^® bead technology, which provides a matrix that can be rapidly colonized by the active members of the microbial community and serves to concentrate indigenous degraders. Oxygen and nutrients are delivered to the bioreactor to maintain conditions favorable for growth and reproduction, and contaminated groundwater is treated as it is circulated through the bed of Bio‐Sep^® beads. Groundwater moving through the system also transports degraders released from Bio‐Sep^® beads away from the bioreactor, potentially increasing biodegradation rates throughout the aquifer. Groundwater sampling, Bio‐Traps, and molecular biological tools were used to assess ISBR performance during the two pilot tests. Groundwater monitoring indicated that contaminant concentrations decreased at both sites, and the microbial data suggested that these decreases were due to degradation by indigenous microorganisms rather than dilution or dispersion mechanisms. Taken together, these lines of evidence showed that the ISBR system effectively increased the number and activity of indigenous microbial degraders and enhanced bioremediation at the test sites. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

含重金属离子废水治理技术的研究进展

介绍了治理含重金属离子废水的物理法、物理化学法、普通化学法、生化法及电化学法等技术的研究进展;论述了电-生物耦合法处理该类废水的最新趋势;指出将不同治理技术加以耦合,充分发挥不同技术的优点、取长补短,并尽量避免它们之问的相互抑制作用,将是该类废水治理技术的发展方向。     

化学工业废物治理技术研发趋向

针对我国化学工业污染治理方面尚未解决的问题,讨论了未来应研究与开发的污染治理技术（如难生物降解废水治理、综合利用、废水回用、废气治理、废物集中处理、处理工程技术改造等）,指出应开展技术开发规律研究和充分发挥治理资金的效率,同时提出了技术研发中应注意的问题。     

膨胀石墨在废水处理中的应用研究进展

综述了膨胀石墨(EG)作为一种新型功能碳材料在油类、染料、农药等废水处理中的应用研究现状。指出EG在废水处理中主要发挥吸附剂及光催化剂载体的作用。对将EG作为纳米铁及其二元金属复合材料的载体制得负载型纳米铁系金属复合材料,并将其用于废水处理的前景进行了展望。     

Sustainable Remediation Considerations for Treatment of 1,4‐Dioxane in Groundwater

1,4‐Dioxane remediation is challenging due to its physiochemical properties and low target treatment levels. As such, applications of traditional remediation technologies have proven ineffective. There are a number of promising remediation technologies that could potentially be scaled for successful application to groundwater restoration. Sustainable remediation is an important consideration in the evaluation of remediation technologies. It is critically important to consider sustainability when new technologies are being applied or new contaminants are being treated with traditional technologies. There are a number of social, economic, and environmental drivers that should be considered when implementing 1,4‐dioxane treatment technologies. This includes evaluating sustainability externalities by considering the cradle‐to‐grave impacts of the chemicals, energy, processes, transportation, and materials used in groundwater treatment. It is not possible to rate technologies as more or less sustainable because each application is context specific. However, by including sustainability thinking into technology evaluations and implementation plans, decisions makers can be more informed and the results of remediation are likely to be more effective and beneficial. There are a number sustainable remediation frameworks, guidance documents, footprint assessment tools, life cycle assessment tools, and best management practices that can be utilized for these purposes. This paper includes an overview describing the importance of sustainability in technology selection, identifies sustainability impacts related to technologies that can be used to treat 1,4‐dioxane, provides an approximating approach to assess sustainability impacts, and summarizes potential sustainability impacts related to promising treatment technologies. ©2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

不锈钢酸洗废液的处理与回收技术综述

介绍了不锈钢酸洗废液的来源、组成和危害.综述了酸洗废液中酸及金属的回收方法、原理及优缺点,着重介绍了酸的扩散渗析、双极膜电渗析、蒸酸和焙烧回收技术,以及金属盐的中和沉淀、析晶、离子交换树脂和萃取回收技术.指出将多种技术进行组合,可实现酸洗废液中金属盐和酸的双重回收.