饮用水除氟技术及其机理

综述了近年来国内外饮用水除氟技术,如沉淀法、吸附法、离子交换法、电凝聚法、电渗析法、反渗透法等,同时讨论了各种除氟方法的机理及研究进展.     

湿法冶锌废渣中有价金属回收研究进展

综述了电化学法、沉淀法、吸附法、离子交换法、浮选法和液膜分离法等在分离回收湿法冶锌废渣中有价金属及相关领域的研究进展,阐述了吸附法和液膜分离法的原理,指出了湿法冶锌废渣中有价金属回收的研究方向:吸附法拥有巨大的潜力,是今后的研究重点;离子交换法的研究热点是开发新型树脂基体;液膜分离法的研究方向一是提升液膜稳定性,二是研发能够高效单一分离有价金属的载体。     

阳离子交换-化学法处理电镀废水

电镀行业废水的治理方法,主要采用离子交换法和化学还原沉淀法。离子交换法很适合小厂使用,但阴离子交换树脂再生费用偏高;化学法处理费用较低,但水中的铁等大量杂质和铬一起沉淀下来,使废水变成废渣,不便铬的回收,导致二次污染。我们采取扬长避短的办法,将离子交换法中的阴离子树脂柱去掉,保留阳离子交换柱;并采用亚硫酸钠和苛性碱,以结合成“阳离子交换-化学法”处理含铬废水新工艺。     

压水堆电厂硼酸脱除技术研究进展

对压水堆电厂含硼酸废水的来源和特点进行了分析,讨论了化学沉淀法、离子交换法、膜分离法等硼酸脱除技术的原理和优缺点,在对各种方法进综合比较的基础上,展望了压水堆电厂硼酸脱除技术的发展趋势.     

从靛兰废水中回收碱的研究

本文介绍了采用溶剂萃取法、蒸发浓缩法、吸附法和离子交换膜隔膜电解法对靛兰废水进行处理并回收碱的试验研究。试验结果表明,离子交换膜隔膜电解法具有工艺简单、操作和管理方便、碱回收率高、处理费用较低的特点,适于生产性应用。     

原子吸收光谱法在测定环境中无机阴离子和有机物的应用(一)

本文综述了应用原子吸收光谱法间接和直接测定环境中无机阴离子和有机物的方法。间接法中有沉淀反应法、金属络合物法、磷酸盐测定法、氧化还原法和氢化物发生法;直接法有色谱-原子吸收光谱法、离子交换-原子吸收法和直接提取法等。其中使用最多的是沉淀反应法、金属络合物法、氧化还原法和色谱-原子吸收光谱法等。     

化学镀镍废液的处理及再生技术研究进展

介绍了化学镀镍废液的产生和危害,综述了近年来国内外采用化学沉淀法、电解法、氧化还原法、萃取法、离子交换法、电渗析法等对化学镀镍废液进行处理及净化再生的技术研究进展,对各种方法的实用性进行了评价,并指出今后的发展方向。     

几种焦化废水深度处理技术的比较

分别采用Fenton试剂氧化法、固定床离子交换树脂吸附法和流化床磁性树脂吸附法对某焦化厂焦化废水生化工艺出水进行深度处理.试验结果表明:Fenton试剂氧化法处理后出水COD去除率最高达75.4％,色度去除率达89.1％;固定床离子交换树脂吸附法COD去除率为49.4％,色度去除率为96.5％;流化床磁性树脂吸附法COD去除率为58.2％,色度去除率为90.2％.Fenton试剂氧化法COD去除率较高,固定床离子交换树脂吸附法和流化床磁性树脂吸附法色度去除率较高.综合考虑,Fenton试剂氧化法具有更高的工程应用价值.     

沸石法处理工业废水中的氨氮

近年来 ,含氨废水的排放对水体造成污染的现象日益严重 ,导致了“赤潮”、“赤湖”等严重后果。国家排放标准GB8978— 1996规定 ,工业废水中氨氮的质量浓度应小于 5 0mg/L。目前 ,国外处理含氨废水应用最多的是空气吹脱法、离子交换法和生物硝化法等。沸石内部以硅铝氧组成的骨架中有很多形状规则的空腔和连接空腔的通道 ,具有内表面大、多孔穴的特征和较强的吸附、离子交换能力。斜发沸石的孔道直径为 0 35nm ,决定了它对NH4 + 的高选择性 ,使它适用于工业废水中氨氮的处理。国内外对于沸石法去除废水中的氨氮进行了许多研究 ,洗脱剂大…     

松木粉吸附法去除水中的铜离子

松木粉吸附法去除水中的铜离子冶炼、金属加工、机械制造、有机合成等工业排出的含铜废水严重污染环境。目前，处理含铜废水的方法有离子交换法、电解法、黄原酸酯络合法、粉煤灰吸附法等。本文以松木粉为吸附剂，研究了脱除水中Ｃｕ２＋的条件及影响因素。实验结果表明，...     

2×130t/h热电锅炉烟气脱硫工程调试及优化

分析了2×130t/h锅炉配套石灰石—石膏脱硫系统调试过程中出现的问题,提出了解决措施并对运行参数进行了优化。结果表明,在实际工况下,燃用中低硫煤,控制吸收塔液位为7.3m,pH值为5.4,投运2台循环泵时,脱硫系统运行最为经济有效。     

Physical,Mechanical, and Morphological Characteristics of Extruded Starch Acetate Foams

Starch acetates with degrees of substitution (DS) of 0.57, 1.11, 1.68, and 2.23 were prepared and extruded with either water or ethanol. The microstructure, physical properties (radial expansion ratio [RER] and unit density), mechanical properties (spring index [SI] and compressibility), and crystalline structure of the foams were investigated. The functional properties were a function of DS and blowing agent type. When water was used as the blowing agent and DS increased, the foams were pale yellow, with rough and uneven surfaces. The cells were dense, with thick cell walls. Lower RER and SI, with higher DS, were associated with high unit density and compressibility. When ethanol was used as the blowing agent, contrary results were observed. The snow-white foams had smooth surfaces, uniform cells, and smooth cell walls. High RER and SI, and low unit density and compressibility were observed. The changes in SI and compressibility with RER also were examined and found to depend on the type of solvent. A crystalline pattern was observed because of the formation of well-ordered structures during extrusion.     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定石化废水中的重金属

建立了硝酸加热消解后采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)测定石化废水中重金属(As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Zn,Pb,Mn)的方法,优化了仪器工作参数,得到了线性回归方程,并对该方法进行了评价。优化后的仪器工作参数为射频功率1 150 W、雾化器流量0.70 L/min、辅助气流量0.50 L/min。各重金属元素回归方程的相关系数均在0.999 9以上,检出限为0.000 18~0.007 00 mg/L,相对标准偏差为0.1%~2.0%,加标回收率为96.3%~102.2%。该方法具有线性关系好、检出限低、精密度和准确度高、分析速度快等优点。     

干法烟气同时脱硫脱硝技术的应用及进展

综述了目前国内外干法烟气同时脱硫、脱硝技术．详细介绍了各种技术的机理、研究现状及最新进展,并分析了这些技术的优点和缺点,最后对其发展前景作了展望。     

污水处理移动床生物膜反应器悬浮载体研究进展

介绍了移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)中悬浮载体的种类和特性,讨论了对其性能的影响因素,总结了当前悬浮载体改性技术及性能评价的方法,并对后续研究提出了建议。     

包装印刷业VOCs污染特征分析

选取了北京市的14家大型包装印刷企业进行现场采样、监测,统计分析了生产工艺和原辅材料,识别了VOCs污染来源和排放节点。根据不同排放节点的特征搭建了相应的采样系统,并以此为基础考察了VOCs的排放特征、臭氧生成潜势和二次有机气溶胶(SOA)生成潜势。结果表明:包装印刷业所排放的VOCs以醇类和酯类为主;乙醇和异丙醇为主要的臭氧前体物,生产线和烘干集气系统排气口为主要的臭氧生成节点;烷烃和醇类为主要的SOA前体物,烘干集气系统排气口为首要的SOA生成节点。     

石油污染土壤的微生物修复技术

介绍了石油污染土壤微生物修复技术的影响因素;概述了生物刺激、生物强化、固定化微生物、植物-微生物联合修复以及电动-微生物联合修复石油污染土壤的技术原理,分析了现阶段土壤修复过程中面临的难题,预测了微生物修复技术的研究方向。指出优化微生物的环境条件、培育新型高效的基因工程菌和开发经济高效的新型修复技术等将是未来微生物修复技术的发展趋势。     

Chemical Changes in Sediment Pore-Waters of an Acidic Mining Lake After Addition of Organic Substrate and Lime for Stimulating Lake Remediation

In the past five years, enclosures have beeninstalled in an acidic mining lake in Lusatia to investigate insitu remediation processes. They were treated with straw, withstraw and Carbokalk, or with Carbokalk alone, where Carbokalkis a by-product of the sugar industry (solid precipitate ofnon-sugars after lime clarification of extracted sugar beetjuice). Sediment samples were taken as cores to get informationabout the behaviour of organic and inorganic components insediment pore-water with depth. Vertical distributions of pH,soluble reactive phosphate, nitrate, ammonium, silica,aluminium, iron, manganese, calcium, magnesium, sodium,potassium, sulphate, and DOC were measured. The resultingprofiles, each consisting of 15 data points at differentdepths, were compared by cluster analysis. The similarities ofsediment cores from different treated enclosures relating toprofiles of chemical components were discussed. Increasedconcentrations of potassium and sulphate were found in pore-water after substrate treatment. The data imply dissolution ofpotassium iron sulphate hydroxide minerals (jarosite) after anincrease of pH caused by dissolution of lime and by sulphatereducing processes which were stimulated by organic substrateaddition.     

PM10, O3, CO Concentrations and Elemental Analysis of Airborne Particles in a School Building

Measurements of indoor and outdoor PM10, as well as indoor O₃ and CO concentrations were conducted and are presented here. These measurements were carried out at an institute building, located in a suburban industrial area in Greece. Both indoor and outdoor PM10 samples were also collected and their elemental composition was identified by ED-XRF analysis. Twenty seven major, minor and trace elements were identified. The measurements took place generally in different periods of institute operation, from June 2004 to February 2005. The indoor PM10 concentrations which were measured during the normal operation period of the institute were found to be many times higher than the respective outdoor PM10 concentrations of the same periods. On the contrary, the indoor PM10 concentrations which were measured during the holiday period were found to be lower than their corresponding outdoor values. Indoor O₃ and CO concentrations were found to be in low level. Indoor PM10 concentrations were found to be in a relative good correlation with O₃ (r = 0.45) and in high correlation (r = 0.98) with CO concentrations. On average, total elements concentrations were much higher indoors relative to outdoors. Based on above findings we attempted to determine the pollution sources of the indoor environment and to investigate some parameters or chemical processes that affect indoor pollutants’ levels.     

尿素为还原剂燃煤烟气脱硝技术的研究与应用

尿素由于运输、储存安全性较高,作为还原剂进行脱硝备受关注。从工艺原理、系统组成和工程应用等方面,对尿素制氨选择性催化还原技术（SCR）、选择性非催化还原技术（SNCR）和尿素法三种脱硝方法进行了综述。分析了不同技术运用过程存在的问题,并提出解决措施。