中国种养系统的氮流动及其环境影响

利用集成完全氮平衡模型和农业污染清单的中国种养系统氮流动模型(nitrogen flow model for farming-feeding system in China,NFM-FFS),研究了2003年中国种养系统中的氮流动及其环境影响.结果表明,2003年中国种养系统土壤虽然氮素表观盈余,但实际亏损623.9×104t,平均亏损13.7 kg/hm2,土壤整体面临含氮量减少和退化的风险.由于中国氮素投入(肥料和各类有机肥)主要集中于耕地系统,对牧草地的投入很少,耕地系统的氮素盈余了1 761.9×104t,平均盈余142.8 kg/hm2,中国牧草地系统氮素亏损2 385.7×104t,平均亏损90.7 kg/hm2.因此平衡耕地和牧草地的氮素投入既可减少农业生产对水环境的影响,又可有效控制牧草地退化.2003年,中国种养系统中总氮损失为2266×104t,其中随径流进入地表水的495.8×104t和淋洗进入地下水的102.4×104t最终沉积在河流、湖泊和海洋中,很少有机会再进入种养系统循环.耕地的肥料施用是中国种养系统向地表水和地下水最主要的氮输出源,应是农业污染控制和管理的重点.     

Influence of organic ley–arable management and afforestation in sandy loam to clay loam soils on fluxes of N2O and CH4 in Scotland

Assessment of the sustainability of alternatives to conventional uses of agricultural land, viz. organic systems and afforestation should include consideration of any effects on trace gas budgets. Nitrous oxide (N₂O) and methane (CH₄) fluxes and controlling soil properties were measured in an organic ley–arable rotation in north-east Scotland on a sandy loam. N₂O fluxes were monitored in the ley and arable phases and in organic permanent grass (Lolium perenne) located nearby throughout the 3-year phase duration. Gas fluxes in woodland that had been converted from arable for 1 or 6 years were also measured in both north-east and south-east Scotland on sandy loam to clay loam soils. The climate is maritime and variable with annual rainfall between 800 and 900 mm. Within the organic rotation, differences in N₂O fluxes between the ley and arable phases were less marked than in conventional agriculture. Although this was mainly because grassland emissions were low, some losses from the arable component were also relatively high. Seasonal rainfall had a major influence on cumulative emissions of N₂O, including the first year after conversion from ley to arable. In the short term, changing land use from arable to woodland increased CH₄ oxidation rates and decreased N₂O emissions, though both these rates were also influenced by seasonal weather. Afforestation of agricultural land appears to be more beneficial to trace gas exchange than conversion to organic production.     

林地转型耕地对东北丘陵区白浆土cbbL细菌群落丰度和结构的影响

土壤固碳细菌的CO_2同化作用能够将CO_2转化成有机质,是土壤碳循环的重要过程,然而对土地利用方式转变下土壤固碳细菌群落丰度和结构变化的了解却非常有限.在此,采用q PCR和高通量测序技术研究了东北丘陵区林地转型耕地后白浆土cbb L细菌群落丰度和结构变化,并探讨了土壤理化因子在群落丰度和结构变化中的作用.结果表明,耕地土壤细菌的cbb L基因丰度为2. 57×108copies·g~(-1),显著低于林地土壤的7. 30×108copies·g~(-1),但林地与耕地间cbb L/16S r RNA基因拷贝数比无显著差异.与林地相比,耕地土壤cbb L细菌群落的Shannon和Chao1指数显著降低,而Simpson指数显著升高.系统发育树分析和主坐标分析(principal co-ordinates analysis,PCo A)均表明林地转型耕地改变了土壤cbb L细菌群落组成.Pearson相关分析表明,cbb L基因丰度和Shannon指数均与pH极显著正相关,而与AP和NO_3-显著负相关,证明了施肥导致的土壤pH和速效养分改变是造成土壤cbb L细菌群落丰度和多样性变化的主要原因.典范对应分析(canonical correspondence analysis,CCA)显示,pH、NO_3-、AP和NH_4+与土壤cbb L细菌群落结构变化显著相关.综上所述,了解土壤cbb L细菌群落对土地利用方式转变的响应及其微生物学机制将为加强我国东北丘陵区白浆土的可持续利用及生态环境重建提供新的见解.     

How water saving irrigation contributes to climate change resilience—a case study of practices in China

A warming climate system is now an indisputable fact. An effective response to climate change should include both mitigation and adaptation. Water is essential to human survival and social development. But the shortage of water resources is a worldwide problem, which in China has been exacerbated by climate change. In order to find out how to cope with climate change successfully, this study, on the basis of China statistical data 2007–2009, quantitatively analyzes the role of water saving irrigation (WSI) in addressing climate change. The study shows that water saving irrigation (WSI) can serve as a useful enabler in dealing with climate change. From the perspective of mitigation, the 3-year total CO₂ emission reduction stands at 34.67 (21.83 ~ 47.48) Mt, about per year 11.56(7.28 ~ 15.83)Mt. From the perspective of adaptation, the total water saved from 2007 to 2009 stands at 96.85 (61.81 ~ 129.66) Gm³. If per unit farmland irrigation takes a 3-year average of agricultural water consumption, the water saved in 2009 is enough to irrigate additional 5.70 (3.80 ~ 7.80) Mhm², or to increase the grain yield by 22.04 (14.68 ~ 30.15) Gt. In addition, WSI can reduce soil salinization and conserve soil to sustain land productivity and environmental benefits. So WSI can be a positive measure in coping with climate change when it is rightly deployed. However, the costs and local context of such practices call for further studies.     

黄土高原半干旱区土壤呼吸对土地利用变化的响应

明确土地利用方式变化条件下引起土壤呼吸差异性的因素,对预测黄土区退耕还草条件下土壤碳循环变化有重要意义。基于建立于1984 年的长期定位试验,于2011 年3 月至2012年12 月,利用Li-8100 系统(Li-COR,Lincoln,NE,USA)监测了退耕还草(苜蓿)处理和农田(冬小麦)土壤呼吸季节变化以及土壤表层(0~5 cm)温度和含水量,研究了土地利用变化下土壤呼吸变化特征及其与土壤温度、水分以及有机碳特性之间的关系。结果发现,退耕27 a 来(自1984年麦地转化为苜蓿地),土壤呼吸速率苜蓿地(3.55 μmol·m^-2·s^-1)达小麦地(1.36 μmol·m^-2·s^-1)的2.61 倍,累积呼吸量苜蓿地(981 g·m^-2)达小麦(357 g·m^-2)的2.75 倍。土壤呼吸温度敏感系数(Q₁₀)苜蓿地较小麦地2011 年提高24.5%,2012 年提高2.4%。苜蓿地SOC含量(10.5 g·kg^-1)较小麦地(6.5 g·kg^-1)提高61.5%,微生物量碳(204 mg·kg^-1)较小麦地(152 mg·kg^-1)提高34%,0~5 cm土壤水分含量同期高于小麦地,但二者土壤温度差异不显著。土壤水分、SOC、微生物量碳等是造成二者呼吸差异的因素。     

芦溪流域非点源污染物流失的一般规律

以芦溪小流域为研究对象,监测在自然降雨条件下,不同土地利用类型小区、流域出口的污染物流失情况,研究一次降雨径流过程中非点源污染物流失的一般规律,以及不同前期降雨条件下的污染物流失特征.研究表明:随着前期降雨量的增大,SS的流失明显降低,当试验前5天总降雨量为15、115、161mm时,流域出口的SS流失浓度分别为265.6、145.8和124.2mg/L;流域出口的营养物质与COD受前期降雨条件的影响相对较小,波动幅度不大于±15%.小区试验的结果表明:污染物流失浓度的一般规律为:旱地>居民点>草地>林地>水田.植被覆盖可有效地减少泥沙流失,当植被盖度从50%上升到90%时,泥沙流失浓度可减少80%.土壤背景值是决定TN流失浓度的关键因子,旱地、草地、林地的TN流失浓度与土壤背景值的比值为2.75%、2.79%和2.42%.NO₃^--N与NH₄⁺-N的流失浓度随植被盖度的增大而增大.     

塔里木河干流土地利用/覆被变化对土壤有机碳储量的影响

结合遥感影像数据与野外实测数据,对塔里木河干流2000～2010年土地利用/覆被变化及其土壤有机碳含量分布、储量等进行了分析.结果表明：2000～2010年,塔里木河干流区土地利用/覆被面积和结构均发生了变化.其中,耕地、居工用地和灌丛地呈增加趋势,且耕地与灌丛地增幅最为明显,林地、草地、水体和裸地呈减少态势且林地减少幅度最大.在林地、草地、灌丛地和裸地中,除了灌丛地之外,与2000年相比2010年林地、草地和裸地土壤中储存的有机碳量减少,且2010年储存在四种类型土地中的有机碳总量少于2000年的.10年来土地利用/覆被类型的转换导致塔里木河干流地区0～100cm土壤有机碳储量发生改变,其中土壤有机碳储量下降了的转换类型有林-灌、林-草、林-裸、草-灌、草-裸和灌-裸,相反的转换则使土壤有机碳储量增加.     

Carbon sequestration of paddy fields in Western Jilin of China during 1989–2004

The study area of this article, Western Jilin province of China, was a typical area responding to global changing in middle latitude areas. In this paper, by interpreting the thematic mapper (TM) images of the study area in the years of 1989, 1996, 2000 and 2004, the land use/cover change (LUCC) data were achieved, which included the area of paddy fields and its spatial distributions. 113 soil samples were collected to obtain soil organic carbon (SOC) data of different land use types. After that, the organic matter contents of these samples were measured by using the potassium dichromate oxidation-outer heating method. Based on the data above, the amount of SOC sequestrated by the surface soil (0~30 cm) of paddy fields was calculated. The result showed that: the area of paddy fields was increasing continuously in western Jilin, from 11.28 × 10⁴ hm² in 1989 to 22.77 × 10⁴ hm² in 2004. Paddy fields transferred from wetlands, grasslands and water areas accounted for the main part of the paddy fields in 2004, the areas were 3.09 × 10⁴ hm², 2.98 × 10⁴ hm² and 2.8 × 10⁴ hm², respectively. And paddy fields with a total area of 0.83 × 10⁴ hm² degraded into saline-alkali lands. The amount of organic carbon sequestration in the surface layer (0–30 cm) of paddy fields was 658.86 × 10⁴ t. The primary SOC sinks located around the joint of Baicheng City and Zhenlai County, while the major SOC source located at Songyuan City and northern Qianguo County.     

近50a玛纳斯河流域土地利用/覆被变化对碳储量的影响

土地利用变化对碳收支的影响是当前全球变化研究领域的重点内容之一,中国西北干旱区土地利用变化对陆地生态系统碳收支的影响尚不清楚。论文以西北干旱区流域绿洲水土开发的典范--玛纳斯河流域为研究区,基于Bookkeeping模型,利用多期土地覆被类型图、植被和土壤碳密度历史文献及实地调查资料,开展玛纳斯河流域近50 a荒漠转变为绿洲农田和农田弃耕两种主要土地覆被变化对碳收支的影响研究。玛纳斯河流域的垦殖活动有利于碳储量的增加,在1962-2008年的46 a间,土地利用变化导致流域植被碳储量增加6.34×10⁵ t,土壤碳储量增加3.14×10⁶ t,总碳储量增加3.77×10⁶ t。受土地覆被变化面积和转换类型碳密度差异的影响,不同土地覆被类型转换对碳储量的影响存在显著差异:荒漠草地、裸地开垦为耕地均引起植被和土壤碳储量显著增加;林地开垦为耕地引起植被碳储量减少,土壤碳储量增加,总碳储量减少;而耕地弃耕通常会导致流域碳储量减少。     

The action spectrum for maximal photosensitivity of germination

 Fruits of Garden Lettuce, imbibed in 0.01 M KNO₃, were depleted of maternal active phytochrome B by saturating deep-red exposure and photosensitized by chilling for 1 week at 4  °C. Twenty saturated fluence-response curves for photoinduced germination were elaborated between 300 and 800 nm, using exposure periods from 6 to 600 s at 22.5  °C; there is linear and closely parallel regression in the logarithmic probability net. The reciprocals of the half-response fluences obtained gave the apparent conversion spectrum of the controlling pigments and this was corrected for the transmittance of the seed-coat. It is a phytochrome spectrum of P _r with photoconversion cross-sections of 1.2·10⁹ and 4.5·10³ m² mol^–1 at 666 and 800 nm, respectively. This means that for half-saturated germination of sensitized seed, fewer than 1 out of 200,000 phytochrome A molecules have to be photoconverted to P _fr, and no photo-reversibility by deep-red was found. Therefore, all spectral colours of nightly moon- or skylight should stimulate the germination of sensitized weed seeds if they are exposed at the soil surface between sequential tillage operations. Received: 28 April 2000 / Accepted in revised form: 28 July 2000     

Effects of land-use pattern change on rainfall-runoff and runoff-sediment relations: a case study in Zichang watershed of the Loess Plateau of China

The purpose of this article is to identify the effect of land-use pattern on rainfall-runoff and runoff-sediment relations in Zichang Watershed of the Loess Plateau. From 1986 to 1997, many farmlands changed into grassland or woodland, especially the farmland in steep slope positions or far away from the river. The change of land-use pattern altered the rainfall-runoff and runoff-sediment relationships, and led to higher slope of trend curves(STCs) of annual rainfall-runoff mass curve and runoff-sediment mass curve in 1990s than that in 1980s. It is implied that more soil and water loss yielded in 1990s. In order to reduce soil loss, more attentions should be paid to land-use pattern and some grass or other herbaceous filter strips should be built along rivers.     

基于土地利用变化模型的退耕还林还草决策分析——以通辽地区为例

通过综合考虑影响退耕还林还草的自然和社会因素,结合土地利用规划和遥感影像解译结果,论文以通辽地区为例,介绍了利用土地利用变化模型确定退耕还林还草区域的方法和过程。根据对2010年模型模拟结果和2000年通辽地区土地利用现状的对比分析,结果发现2000～2010年该地区进行退耕还林还草的合适区域应该主要位于研究地区的中部、南部,以及北中部。研究地区中部属于科尔沁沙地的腹地,土地沙漠化最为严重,同时城镇和农村居民点分布较密,退耕还林还草是政府用于减缓风沙对城镇和农村居民点危害程度的重要生态措施;而南部和北中部属于丘陵和山区,由于过度开垦,水土流失较为严重,是实施退耕还林还草的重点区域。此外,与退耕还林区相比,退耕还草区距城镇、农村居民点以及道路相对较远,具有可达性较差、地理位置较为偏僻的特点。论文得出的结果可为今后通辽地区退耕还林还草工程的实施提供科学依据,同时,该文提出的确定退耕还林还草区域的方法对其它地区具有一定的借鉴意义。     

丹江口水库典型消落区土壤氮磷赋存形态及释放特征研究

丹江口水库是南水北调中线工程水源地,调水工程使得水库蓄水并带来水库水位上升,新增淹没区不同土地利用类型土壤由于淹没浸泡可能使其中氮磷等营养物释放,对水库水质构成威胁.本文通过采集丹江口水库典型消落区5种土地利用类型(滩地、草地、荒地、耕地、果园)的表层土壤,选用磷形态标准测试方法(SMT)和氮形态分级浸取方法对消落区土壤氮磷赋存形态进行分析,同时进行土壤氮磷释放模拟实验来考察消落区土壤"淹没-落干"过程的氮磷释放特征.结果表明,东库湾消落区土壤磷素主要以钙结合态磷(Ca-P)存在,其占TP比例范围为54.7%~82.0%,平均值为69.1%.滩地、草地、荒地土壤生物可利用性磷(BAP)占TP比例也基本超过30%.土壤有机硫化物结合态氮(OSFN)含量在139.1~195.0 mg·kg-1之间,占TN比例范围为18.8%~27.0%,是土壤可转化态氮(TF-N)中主要的赋存形态.土壤释放模拟实验显示,耕地、果园这两类新增淹没区土壤在受淹后其更易向水体释放磷素,而消落区土壤氮素整体上呈现向水体缓慢释放的规律."淹没-落干"前后滩地、荒地的BAP含量下降超过20%,果园BAP含量也降低了16%,草地和耕地的BAP含量则维持相对稳定."淹水-落干"实验后耕地、果园土壤IEF-N含量分别下降22.6%、34.2%,这两类新增淹没区土壤在调水淹没后可能会向上覆水水体释放氮素.     

我国南方水稻产地镉环境质量类别划分技术

针对我国耕地质量类别划分技术及方法体系不完善的现状,提出应用物种敏感性分布法（SSD）基于不同保护率建立"优先保护类、安全利用类和严格管控类"的土壤镉划分阈值,并对其合理性和科学性验证.结果表明,我国南方水稻产地土壤pH、土壤有机质（SOM）和阳离子交换量（CEC）对水稻富集镉的影响均达到了极显著水平（P<0.01）,并由其构建的三因子生物有效性模型可解释水稻富集系数62.0%的变异;水稻对镉的SSD曲线表明,不同水稻品种对镉的敏感性差异明显,主要与其基因型相关;依据SSD曲线基于保护率为80%和5%推导出我国南方水稻产地"优先保护类和严格管控类"的土壤镉划分阈值分别为0.26 mg·kg^-1和1.67 mg·kg^-1,且当土壤镉≤0.26 mg·kg^-1时划分为优先保护类耕地,土壤镉≥1.67 mg·kg^-1时划分为严格管控类耕地,土壤镉介于0.26~1.67 mg·kg^-1时划分为安全利用类耕地,并通过134组独立数据验证其具有一定合理性和科学性.本研究表明应用SSD法对我国南方水稻产地镉环境质量类别划分时体现出较好的普适性、科学性和合理性,同时可为我国农用地土壤环境质量类别划分技术及方法体系的建设和完善奠定坚实的工作基础.     

科尔沁沙地及其周围地区土地利用变化的情景分析

根据科尔沁沙地及其周围地区过去15年(1985～2000年)土地利用的时空动态变化、2000年的土地利用格局以及2010年的土地利用规划数据,构建了模拟研究地区土地利用变化的CLUE-S模型。在该模型的支持下,论文分别对研究地区未来10年(2000～2010年)土地利用变化格局的马尔柯夫情景和规划情景进行了模拟,然后,通过2000年土地利用现状图与2010年情景模拟图的叠加,分析了在以上两种情景下土地利用变化的共同之处及差异。研究结果对完善科尔沁沙地及其周围地区土地利用变化的动态管理具有重要意义。     

Elbe river flood peaks and postwar agricultural land use in East Germany

Collectivization of farmland since the 1950s has changed the agricultural land use in former East Germany. Single fields on the collective farms became increasingly large and were cultivated with increasingly heavy farm equipment. This led to large-scale physical degradation of arable soils, enhancing the formation of surface runoff in periods with prolonged and excessive precipitation. The extent to which this development may have affected the discharge behavior of the main East German river, the Elbe, has so far not been studied. We analyzed the flood peaks of the Elbe during the past century (1900-2000). The flood discharge behavior of the Elbe has apparently changed significantly since the 1950s. Although climate changes may be involved, we conclude that the Elbe flood peaks, recorded since 1950, are related to the changes in postwar agricultural land use in former East Germany. To restore the degraded farmland soils, a change in agricultural land use may be necessary.     

Global warming potential of emissions from rice paddies in Northeastern China

In this study, paddy fields in Jilin province which are flooded parcel of arable lands used for growing rice (Oryza sativa Linn.) were selected as the object. Long-term exploitation of paddy fields led to variations of soil organic carbon (SOC) and green house gases (GHGs) emissions which might contribute to global warming. In order to calculate the amount of global warming potentials (GWPs) of emissions from ricepaddies and find the correlations among rice yield, SOC storage and GWP, DeNitrification-DeComposition (DNDC) model was used to simulate SOC densities and fluxes of main GHGs emitted from paddy fields. After verification, simulation results were used to calculate SOC storages and 100-year GWPs from 1949 to 2009. Results indicated that SOC densities in depths of 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm and 20–30 cm all kept increasing. Average methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) fluxes were 278.55 kg carbon (kgC) ha⁻¹ a⁻¹ and 2.22 kg nitrogen (kgN) ha⁻¹ a⁻¹. The SOC storage (0–30 cm) had increased from 3.96 × 10⁹kgC in 1949 to 47.85 × 10⁹kgC in 2009. In addition, GWP emission was increasing exponentially in the past 61 years, from 0.16 × 10⁶ Mg carbon dioxide equivalents (CO₂-equivalents) to 66.36 × 10⁶ Mg CO₂-equivalents. Both SOC storage and GWP presented obviously linear relation to rice yields. Overall, the research suggested that long-term rice yields could be used to estimate the SOC storage and GWP variations.     

Loss coefficient of nitrogenous non-point source pollution under various precipitation conditions

In this study, calibrations of non-point source (NPS) pollution models are performed based on Black River basin historical real-time runoff data, sedimentation record data, and NPS sources survey information. The concept of NPS loss coefficient for the watershed or the loss coefficients (LC) for simplicity is brought up by examining NPS build-up and migration processes along riverbanks in natural river systems. The historical data is used for determining the nitrogenous NPS loss coefficient for five land use types including farmland, urban land, grassland, shrub land, and forest under different precipitation conditions. The comparison of outputs from Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and coefficient export method showed that both methods could obtain reasonable LC. The high Pearson correlation coefficient (0.94722) between those two sets of calculation results justified the consistency of those two models. Another result in the study is that different combinations of precipitation condition and land use types could significantly affect the calculated loss coefficient. As for the adsorptive nitrogen, the order of impact on LC for different land use types can be sorted as: farm land > urban land > grassland > shrub land > forest while the order was farmland > grass land > shrub land > forest s>urban land for soluble nitrogen. __________ Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2006, 26(3): 392–397 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

黄土台塬不同土地利用方式下土壤呼吸季节性变化及影响因素

为探讨土壤呼吸对植被类型及不同季节环境因素的响应机制,以黄土高原渭北台塬马莲滩林场为研究区,于2015年5月—2016年4月,采用静态箱-气象色谱法逐月测定不同土地利用方式下的土壤呼吸速率(R_s),分析其干、湿季差异及与土壤温度(T)、土壤含水量(W)之间的关系.结果表明:①不同土地利用方式下土壤呼吸速率的季节性变化趋势相一致,最大值出现在6—8月,最小值出现在12月—翌年2月,土壤呼吸速率年均值表现为天然草地>灌木林地>乔木林地>乔灌混交林地>耕地>果园.②不同土地利用方式下土壤呼吸速率与土壤温度均呈正相关,与土壤含水量的关系在湿季(5—10月)呈正相关,在干季(11月—翌年4月)呈负相关,土壤呼吸速率的单因素模型中以指数函数(R_s=aebx)的拟合效果更优.③与单因素模型相比,土壤温度、土壤含水量的双因素模型(R_s=aTbWc和R_s=aebTWc)能更好地解释除耕地外的其他5种土地利用方式下土壤呼吸速率的变化特征,对土壤呼吸速率的解释率在60.0%～82.3%之间,其中R_s=aTbWc对耕地、灌木林地、果园土壤呼吸速率与土壤温度、土壤含水量间关系的拟合效果较好,天然草地、乔木林地、乔灌混交林地则采用R_s=aebTWc的拟合效果较好.研究显示,研究区不同土地利用方式下土壤呼吸速率存在明显的季节性差异,耕地退耕还林后土壤有机碳及活性有机碳含量增加,温度敏感性(Q₁₀)降低,土壤呼吸速率增大,评价退耕还林效益时应综合考虑区域地理气候特点,进一步量化碳的输入/输出过程.      

三峡库区小流域不同土地利用类型“土壤-水体”氮磷含量特征及其相互关系

利用长期田间监测数据,分析了三峡库区典型农业小流域不同土地利用类型土壤、浅层地下水氮磷含量分异特征,剖析了坡面土壤氮磷含量与浅层地下水、坡面地表径流氮磷浓度的相互关系.结果表明梯田的土壤TN平均含量显著(P0.05)高于坡耕地,水田梯田平均含量1.49 g·kg~(-1)最高;旱地坡耕地和桑树套种坡耕地土壤TP平均含量显著高于其它地类;旱地梯田土壤NO_3~--N平均含量最高,离散程度最大.坡面土地利用类型对浅层地下水TN、NO_3~--N浓度影响较大,但对TP浓度影响较小;流域浅层地下水TN浓度与NO_3~--N浓度呈极显著正相关,不同坡面浅层地下水NO_3~--N对TN平均贡献率在67.82%~78.51%之间;浅层地下水TN、NO_3~--N月平均浓度变化规律基本一致,春秋两季农作物施肥后均呈现明显上升趋势.坡面土壤TN平均含量与浅层地下水TN浓度呈显著指数关系,坡面土壤NO_3~--N平均含量与浅层地下水NO_3~--N浓度呈对数关系,但与坡面地表径流TN、NO_3~--N浓度无显著相关性;当坡面地表径流TP浓度0.1 mg·L~(-1)时,坡面土壤TP平均含量与其呈显著线性相关;坡面地表径流与浅层地下水TN、NO_3~--N浓度均呈显著幂函数关系,且NO_3~--N相关性更好.