Retinal cryptochrome in a migratory passerine bird: a possible transducer for the avian magnetic compass

The currently discussed model of magnetoreception in birds proposes that the direction of the magnetic field is perceived by radical-pair processes in specialized photoreceptors, with cryptochromes suggested as potential candidate molecules mediating magnetic compass information. Behavioral studies have shown that magnetic compass orientation takes place in the eye and requires light from the blue-green part of the spectrum. Cryptochromes are known to absorb in the same spectral range. Because of this we searched for cryptochrome (CRY) in the retina of European robins, Erithacus rubecula, passerine birds that migrate at night. Here, we report three individually expressed cryptochromes, eCRY1a, eCRY1b, and eCRY2. While eCRY1a and eCRY2 are similar to the cryptochromes found in the retina of the domestic chicken, eCRY1b has a unique carboxy (C)-terminal. In light of the radical-pair model, our findings support a potential role of cryptochromes as transducers for the perception of magnetic compass information in birds.     

日本、韩国环保产业发展经验对中国的借鉴

节能环保产业作为战略性新兴产业的七大重点领域之一,新形势下发展具备有利条件,特别是十二五以来我国环保产业得到了飞速发展,但是由于体制机制、技术、市场等多方面原因环保产业发展也面临诸多挑战和障碍。日本与韩国,环保产业已进入技术成熟期。逐渐成为本国国民经济的支柱产业和世界环保市场的主力,借鉴日韩环保产业的发展经验,提出中国推动环保产业发展的对策建议。     

洛川红黏土-黄土记录的风向变化及磁组构与磁化率对气候变化的敏感性对比

磁组构分析是研究季风风向的一种常用手段。对洛川黄土剖面黄土-红黏土界线附近地层进行磁组构研究表明:洛川剖面新近纪—第四纪过渡时期,风向整体呈南北向,且从红黏土沉积阶段到黄土沉积阶段,风向呈现顺时针方向的微小偏移,这可能与新近纪到第四纪的气候变化背景有关。另外,磁化率各向异性度P、磁线理L、磁面理F等参数曲线与磁化率曲线的对比显示:磁化率各向异性P、L、F参数的变化稍超前于磁化率曲线的变化,这与蓝田段家坡剖面的磁组构研究结果类似。导致以上结果的原因尚未确定,但可能与磁组构信息被记录于沉积物的速度快于沉积物磁化率值的改变有关。     

强磁场影响下菌株B1对染料的脱色作用

从校园土壤中筛选出一株对人工合成染料酸性红B有一定脱色能力的菌株B1(芽孢杆菌属),经过6.0、8.0、8.0T的强磁场分别作用30、15、30 min后进行了脱色试验;根据实验数据,得到染料脱色模型.结果表明,强磁场对B1具有诱变作用,能使其脱色能力得到强化.     

Magnetic field of the earth as additional zeitgeber for endogenous rhythms?

The influence of 50% decrease and increase of the earth magnetic field on the activity of the enzymes hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT) and N-acetyl-serotonintransferase (NAT) is proved in vivo and in vitro. NAT and HIOMT catalyse the melatonin biosynthesis in the pineal gland and in the retina. Our results support the hypothesis of Leask and Schulten, that molecular magnetic field sensitivity is the basis of animals' magnetic field detection.     

宁沪高速公路句容段两侧土壤磁化率特征

汽车尾气排放导致高速公路两侧土壤中重金属元素含量升高的现象已逐渐被人们所认识,传统的化学分析方法准确直观,但具有费时及价格昂贵的缺点,本文通过利用土壤磁化率的检测手段,查明高速公路两侧土壤的磁化率异常变化的特征以及与重金属元素的相关关系,寻找一种既方便快捷又廉价的重金属评价方法。     

Assessment of field situations for the feasibility of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation,using a forage legume as test plant

This paper reports experiments aimed at predicting ecological situations where vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) inoculation would be beneficial. Twelve unsterile soils were assayed and Hedysarum coronarium, a forage legume, was the test plant. Three vesicular-arbuscular endophytes, namely Glomus mosseae, G. fasciculatus and a Glomus sp. were tested, and in all cases G. mosseae was the more efficient, with indications of some plant-fungus specificity. A considerable degree of dependency on mycorrhizas, for suitable growth and N₂-fixation, was also demonstrated for the tested legume-Rhizobium sp. system. The studied soils varied in their concentration of plant-available phosphorus and in the amount, infectivity and effectiveness of indigenous VAM propagules; however, no correlation between these parameters could be found. The level of success of the introduction of G. mosseae in the presence of naturally existing endophytes was evaluated by the extent of the plant response in terms of growth, nodulation and N and P uptake in each soil. The inoculation of G. mosseae was effective in 7 out of the 12 soils; however, it was not possible to find a correlation between any of the soil parameters studied (i.e. soluble P concentration, amount of mycorrhizal root pieces and VAM mycelium and spores) and the plant response to G. mosseae inoculation. Thus, it is necessary to emphasize the need for simple techniques to screen situations where it would be worth attempting VAM inoculation, since each particular soil must be checked for each given plant-fungus combination.     

松辽盆地北部的地热资源及其开发利用方向

丰富的中低温地热资源是松辽盆地北部重要的清洁能源,它可广泛应用在采暖、种植、水产养殖、旅游观光等方面。论文通过对各种地质、水文地质、综合物探、钻井资料的综合解释和处理、不同深度地温场的分析及热储特征研究对松辽盆地北部的地热水资源进行了综合评价。在滨北地区①圈出了地热资源的有利富集层位、有利富集地带和有利资源远景区,并进行了资源量的估算。     

高梯度磁场提升单纤维捕集PM2.5性能的机理

以钢铁厂和有色金属行业排放的PM_2.5为研究对象,基于离散相模型DPM（Discrete Phase Model）,并加入UDF自定义编程,研究高梯度磁场下不同入口风速、颗粒粒径、外磁场强度、磁性纤维磁感应强度以及磁化率对捕集效率的影响,并结合颗粒运动轨迹和受力情况对其进行分析.结果表明：当0.5μm≤d_p≤2.5μm,v=0.1m/s时,利用高梯度磁场（H=0.1T,B=0.06T）可以使单纤维捕集PM_2.5的效率提高为原来的4.23倍,得出磁性纤维周围存在2个引力区和2个斥力区.同时,在高梯度磁场中磁性纤维对PM_2.5的捕集效率随入口风速呈先减小后趋于平稳的规律;而捕集效率随粉尘粒径呈先增大后减小的规律.当d_p=1.0μm时的捕集效率提升最大,无论是外磁场强度还是磁性纤维磁感应强度,磁性纤维对颗粒的捕集效率与场强都呈一次函数关系,效率增长率K_B>K_H;随着颗粒磁化率的增加,磁性纤维对颗粒的捕集呈现两段线性增长规律,前后两段效率增长率K₁>K₂.当颗粒经过高梯度磁场区域时,入口风速、粉尘粒径、场强对运动轨迹影响较大,而磁化率对运动轨迹影响较小.     

The effect of a precipitation gauge orifice rim on the wind field deformation as investigated in a wind tunnel

The ASTA precipitation gauge has shown systematically less precipitation than the Hellmann gauge. To explain the deficit, wind speed and turbulence intensity profiles above the orifice of both gauges have been measured in a wind tunnel. They showed greater values of wind speed increment and smaller values of intensity of turbulence for the ASTA gauge. This indicates that the deficit is due to the larger wind field deformation above the ASTA gauge. The reasons for this are the bigger orifice rim and the bird protection ring used occasionally on this gauge. The effect of turbulence intensity with respect to the deficit has not been explained as yet.     

西藏日土县材玛铁矿地质特征及找矿方向

通过对西藏日土县材玛铁矿床的调查研究表明,南羌塘拗陷带的材玛铁矿床成矿地质条件较好。经地表槽探揭露和深部钻探工程控制,发现其矿体为似层状;矿体品位和厚度沿走向和倾向变化较小;容矿岩石主要为矽卡岩、矽卡岩化灰岩;矿石类型简单,主要为磁铁矿矿石。矿化富集与侵入于上三叠统地层的燕山晚期花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩、花岗斑岩密切相关;矿体产出部位严格受碳酸盐岩层位及其层间破碎带的控制,属接触交代型矿床。其形成与燕山晚期岩浆活动关系密切,空间分布严格受岩浆岩和断裂的控制。花岗岩类岩体与上三叠统地层的接触带和层间破碎带是寻找铁矿的有利部位,外围地区具有寻找相同类型铁矿床的远景。     

The classification of lands managed for conservation: existing and proposed frameworks, with particular reference to Australia

Comprehensive classification systems to accurately account for lands managed for biodiversity conservation, are an essential component of conservation planning and policy. The current international classification systems for lands managed for nature conservation are reviewed, with a particular emphasis on Australia. The need for a broader, all-encompassing, categorisation of lands managed for conservation is presented and a proposed broader categorisation system is developed—the Conservation Lands Classification. This classification system has the advantage of incorporating data on both tenure and protection mechanisms and has been applied in this paper using conservation lands in three Australian jurisdictions as examples. It is envisaged that this method of classification has the potential to significantly improve the ability to measure current and future trends in nature conservation across all land types at a variety of scales and hence is put forward in order to stimulate discussion on this important topic.