微波加热及真空集成再生活性炭

吸附法油气回收技术中,吸附剂的再生是一个难点和研究重点。微波加热再生作为一种新技术,受到人们的广泛关注。运用正交实验,研究了微波功率、辐照时间、活性炭量和真空度对吸附了汽油油气的富活性炭的再生率和损耗率的影响,发现影响顺序为微波功率〉辐照时间〉活性炭量〉真空度。综合考虑各方面因素,得出实验的最优方案为微波功率300W、辐照时间240s、活性炭量4g、真空度O．06MPa。还研究了活性炭多次吸附一再生后平衡吸附率和表面结构的变化。结果表明,微波和真空法对活性炭的表面结构影响不大,有利于活性炭的多次循环利用。综合比较真空再生法、真空和加热再生法、微波和真空再生法的再生效果,结果表明,微波和真空再生法稳定性较好。     

废活性炭微波再生新工艺的研究

提出用微波加热-二氧化碳活化法再生乙酸乙烯合成用触媒载体废活性炭工艺.采用条件实验法研究了活化时间、二氧化碳流量和微波功率对活性炭碘吸附值,亚甲基蓝吸附值和再生得率的影响,得到微波辐射加热二氧化碳活化再生乙酸乙烯用触媒载体废活性炭的最佳工艺条件为活化时间25 min,二氧化碳流量0.2 L/min,微波功率700 W.在此条件下制得的活性炭碘吸附值为1158.02 mg/g、亚甲基蓝吸附值为240 mg/g、得率为74.19%.并对活性炭进行了比表面积的测定和孔结构的分析,活性炭的比表面积为1308.13 m2/g,总孔容为0.76 mL/g.     

废活性炭微波再生新工艺的研究

提出用微波加热一二氧化碳活化法再生乙酸乙烯合成用触媒载体废活性炭工艺。采用条件实验法研究了活化时间、二氧化碳流量和微波功率对活性炭碘吸附值，亚甲基蓝吸附值和再生得率的影响，得到微波辐射加热二氧化碳活化再生乙酸乙烯用触媒载体废活性炭的最佳工艺条件为活化时间25min，二氧化碳流量0．2L／min，微波功率700w。在此条件下制得的活性炭碘吸附值为1158．02mg／g、亚甲基蓝吸附值为240mv,／g、得率为74．19％。并对活性炭进行了比表面积的测定和孔结构的分析，活性炭的比表面积为1308．13m^2／g，总孔容为0．76mL／g。     

微波法对吸附扑热息痛废水活性炭的再生

通过微波加热的方式对用于扑热息痛废水的吸附的活性炭进行再生处理。考察了再生温度和再生时间两个因素对活性炭吸附性能和得率的影响。在最佳微波再生条件(温度为600℃,微波再生时间为15 min)下结果表明,活性炭在的亚甲基蓝吸附值和得率分别为187.5 mg/g和41.82%。对最佳条件下再生得到的活性炭进行孔结构表征,结果为,比表面积达947.9 m2/g,总孔体积为0.97 m L/g。中孔的比例占到71.18%说明活性炭主要以中孔为主。同时对废活性炭和再生活性炭进行了扫描电镜分析,结果表明,通过微波再生后的活性炭表面杂质明显减少。     

微波加热再生废弃的净化石油化工废水活性炭

为了对石油化工废水净化处理后的废弃活性炭实现循环利用,提出了在无保护气体和活化气体条件下进行微波加热的方法。主要评估了再生温度和再生时间对再生活性炭的吸附性能和得率的影响。结果表明,在再生温度为600℃,再生时间为15 min时,活性炭的碘吸附能力达到最大值971 mg/g,得率为82.36%。再生活性炭比表面积高达1 028m2/g,总孔体积为1.23 m L/g,平均孔径为4.89 nm。通过废弃活性炭和再生活性炭进行了SEM对比分析,再生活性炭表面杂质减少,孔隙数量明显增多。     

微波紫外耦合辐射降解间硝基苯磺酸钠及活性炭再生

针对活性炭吸附法处理污水所面临的吸附剂物耗大及其所形成的危险废弃物处置难题,采用微波紫外耦合辐射技术对活性炭无害化再生。以活性炭吸附电镀废水中的间硝基苯磺酸钠(3-NBSA)为研究对象,考察了p H对活性炭吸附3-NBSA效果的影响,研究了活性炭的吸附动力学和吸附等温线,最后探讨了微波功率、微波辐照时间、空气流量及再生次数对活性炭再生效果和再生损耗率的影响。实验结果表明,p H在2~8范围内对活性炭吸附效果影响不大,活性炭吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型,等温吸附特性可用Freundlich等温方程式来描述。活性炭再生实验的最佳工艺条件:微波功率为500W,微波辐照时间为10 min,空气流量为0.024 m3/h。最佳工艺条件下活性炭的再生率达到99.62%,且连续再生5次后仍能达到90.02%。实验表明,在微波紫外耦合辐射作用下比只在微波作用下,活性炭的再生效果和3-NBSA的降解效果更好。     

微波改性活性炭的吸附性能

利用微波辐照技术代替传统的加热技术在N2 气中对煤质活性炭进行改性 ,以期提高活性炭的吸附性能。通过正交实验法 ,探讨了微波功率、辐照时间及样品粒径 3种因素对改性活性炭吸附效果的影响。结果表明 ,微波加热提高了活性炭的吸附能力 ,微波功率和辐照时间是决定改性活性炭吸附性能的关键因素 ,并通过对改性前后活性炭的孔隙结构和微结构变化进行分析 ,来讨论其改性机理。     

微波改性活性炭的吸附性能

利用微波辐照技术代替传统的加热技术在N2气中对煤质活性炭进行改性，以期提高活性炭的吸附性能。通过正交实验法，探讨了微波功率、辐照时间及样品粒径3种因素对改性活性炭吸附效果的影响。结果表明，微波加热提高了活性炭的吸附能力，微波功率和辐照时间是决定改性活性炭吸附性能的关键因素，并通过对改性前后活性炭的孔隙结构和微结构变化进行分析，来讨论其改性机理。     

微波加热脱附回收Y分子筛吸附的酮类有机分子

微波再生技术被广泛认为是一种高效节能的绿色再生技术。采用3种不同Si/Al比的分子筛Na Y(Si/Al=3.8)、USY-1(Si/Al=4.1)、USY-2(Si/Al=7.6)作为吸附剂,3种分子结构不同的酮类物质环己酮、丁酮、丙酮作为吸附质,解决目前吸附酮类物质难再生的问题,开发一种新型有效可行的分子筛-酮类物质微波加热再生技术。通过实验结果分析,微波法对酮类有机物具有较高的脱附速率,可在较短的十几分钟内快速完成脱附,脱附率可达90%以上,残留量较少;Y分子筛表面无明显缩聚反应中毒现象;且经多次吸附/脱附循环再生后晶相结构保持稳定,可多次循环使用;脱附后有机物可直接液态回收再利用。     

玉米芯掺杂对污泥基活性炭性能的影响

针对以城市污水厂剩余污泥为原料制备的污泥基活性炭微孔性差、比表面积低的缺陷,将一定比例玉米芯掺杂到污泥中以期改善活性炭性质。通过对活性炭的比表面积、孔结构、碘值、表面官能团测定以及表面电镜分析,探讨了不同比例玉米芯掺杂对活性炭物理化学性质的影响,并以苯酚和硝基苯为目标物,对比考察所制活性炭对有机物的吸附性能。实验结果表明,随着玉米芯掺杂比例的提高,活性炭微孔体积及比表面积明显增大,但活性炭表面官能团种类及数量变化不明显。所制活性炭表面都以酸性基团为主。结果显示苯酚和硝基苯吸附值与活性炭表面酸性基团含量关系密切,因此,玉米芯的掺杂对苯酚和硝基苯的吸附没有明显的促进作用。     

Activated carbon/Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticle composite: fabrication, methyl orange removal and regeneration by hydrogen peroxide

In the water treatment field, activated carbons (ACs) have wide applications in adsorptions. However, the applications are limited by difficulties encountered in separation and regeneration processes. Here, activated carbon/Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle composites, which combine the adsorption features of powdered activated carbon (PAC) with the magnetic and excellent catalytic properties of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, were fabricated by a modified impregnation method using HNO₃ as the carbon modifying agent. The obtained composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption isotherms and vibrating sample magnetometer. Their performance for methyl orange (MO) removal by adsorption was evaluated. The regeneration of the composite and PAC-HNO₃ (powdered activated carbon modified by HNO₃) adsorbed MO by hydrogen peroxide was investigated. The composites had a high specific surface area and porosity and a superparamagnetic property that shows they can be manipulated by an external magnetic field. Adsorption experiments showed that the MO sorption process on the composites followed pseudo-second order kinetic model and the adsorption isotherm date could be simulated with both the Freundlich and Langmuir models. The regeneration indicated that the presence of the Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles is important for a achieving high regeneration efficiency by hydrogen peroxide.     

Microwave regeneration of activated carbon used for removal of solvents from vented air

A microwave regeneration of activated carbon used to remove organic solvents from vented air has been investigated. Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), acetone, and tetrachloroethylene (TCE) vapors were removed from vented air through adsorption onto granular activated carbon. The saturated carbon was then regenerated in a microwave field, where the solvent was quickly desorbed and recovered from the inner pores of the carbon granules. The microwave-induced regeneration restored the original adsorption capacity and surface area of the activated carbon.     

Removal of acutely hazardous pharmaceuticals from water using multi-template imprinted polymer adsorbent

Molecularly imprinted polymer adsorbent has been prepared to remove a group of recalcitrant and acutely hazardous (p-type) chemicals from water and wastewaters. The polymer adsorbent exhibited twofold higher adsorption capacity than the commercially used polystyrene divinylbenzene resin (XAD) and powdered activated carbon adsorbents. Higher adsorption capacity of the polymer adsorbent was explained on the basis of high specific surface area formed during molecular imprinting process. Freundlich isotherms drawn showed that the adsorption of p-type chemicals onto polymer adsorbent was kinetically faster than the other reference adsorbents. Matrix effect on adsorption of p-type chemicals was minimal, and also polymer adsorbent was amenable to regeneration by washing with water/methanol (3:1, v/v) solution. The polymer adsorbent was unaltered in its adsorption capacity up to 10 cycles of adsorption and desorption, which will be more desirable in cost reduction of treatment compared with single-time-use activated carbon.     

浸渍-碱性微波法载磁活性炭粉对壬基酚的吸附

利用浸渍-碱性微波法制备载磁粉末活性炭,通过等温吸附实验和动力学吸附实验,研究对比了其与原料活性炭、浸渍载铁活性炭对壬基酚的吸附性能。采用氮气吸附仪、FTIR、XRD、国标(GB/T12496.19-1999)邻菲啰啉分光度法及VSM,分别对3种样品进行了物相结构、表面官能团、铁含量及磁性能的分析,并探讨了吸附机理。结果表明,浸渍-碱性微波法载磁活性炭的总孔容及孔隙率均有较大提高;其吸附等温线符合Freundich方程,吸附动力学过程符合准二级动力学方程与孔道内扩散模型,相关系数R2均大于0.900。原活性炭经一定浓度的铁盐溶液浸渍后,铁含量由2%提高到8%。在碱性、N2气氛条件下微波后,铁系物主要存在形式为零价铁和Fe3O4,制得的载磁活性炭饱和磁化强度为1.12 emu/g。     

Microwave Regeneration of Activated Carbon Used for Removal of Solvents from Vented Air

ABSTRACT

A microwave regeneration of activated carbon used to remove organic solvents from vented air has been investigated. Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), acetone, and tetrachloroethylene (TCE) vapors were removed from vented air through adsorption onto granular activated carbon. The saturated carbon was then regenerated in a microwave field, where the solvent was quickly desorbed and recovered from the inner pores of the carbon granules. The microwave-induced regeneration restored the original adsorption capacity and surface area of the activated carbon.     

活性炭改性研究进展

本文从表面结构特性、表面化学性质和电化学性质 3个方面叙述了国内外在活性炭改性方面的研究进展。表面结构特性改性主要是从增大比表面积和控制孔径分布两方面展开 ,从而增大吸附量 ;表面化学性质改性主要是通过氧化还原改变表面含氧酸性、碱性基团的相对含量以及负载金属改性 ,从而改变对极性、极性较弱或非极性物质的吸附能力 ;电化学性质改性主要是通过加微电场改变活性炭表面的带电性和由此而产生的化学性质的变化 ,从而改变吸附性能。最后 ,本文还从活性炭的吸附性质方面 ,客观地提出了今后发展方向     

活性炭孔隙结构在其甲苯吸附中的作用

选用4种商用活性炭(AC),利用氮气绝热吸附、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)测试了活性炭的物化性质。以甲苯为吸附质,在温度为298.15 K下进行了静态和动态吸附实验,研究了活性炭孔结构对其吸附性能、吸附行为、表面覆盖率和吸附能的影响。结果表明:活性炭的比表面积和孔容是其吸附性能主要影响因素,孔径在0.8～2.4 nm之间的孔容和甲苯吸附量之间存在较好的线性关系,且线性斜率随甲苯浓度增加而变大。甲苯吸附行为符合Langmuir吸附等温模型和准一阶动力学方程式。活性炭孔结构是甲苯吸附速率的主要制约因素。在甲苯快速吸附阶段,微孔为吸附速率主要制约因素,在甲苯颗粒内扩散阶段,微孔和表面孔为吸附速率的主要制约因素,在吸附末尾阶段,中孔和大孔为吸附速率的主要制约因素。4种活性积炭对甲苯的吸附能随其比表面变大而变大。     

Kinetics of benzene adsorption onto activated carbon

An activated carbon bed adsorption process is influenced by the adsorbents' characteristics, volatile organic compound (VOC) characteristics, and process conditions. In the literatures, the adsorption processes of the adsorbents and VOCs were usually considered to be in equilibrium. In this study, the VOC adsorption processes by activated carbon were considered to be a kinetic process, i.e. they are not in equilibrium. Then, isothermal adsorption curves and a small column experiment were simulated.     

Preparation and characterisation of activated carbon from waste tea by physical activation using steam

ABSTRACT

In this study, the feasibility of preparing activated carbon from waste tea by physical activation using steam was investigated. The effects of activation temperature on yield and pore properties of the prepared activated carbon were studied. The yield decreased with increased activation temperature owing to the decomposition of cellulose and hemicellulose. The specific surface area and pore volume of the activated carbon were estimated using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method, Langmuir equation, and t-plot method. The specific surface area and micropore volume increased with increases in activation temperature, as additional volatile materials were released. The specific surface area significantly decreased at first but slightly increased with increasing activation time. The maximum specific surface area reached 995 m²/g at an activation temperature of 800 °C with a water flow rate of 0.075 g/min and a constant hold time of 0.5 hr. According to the nitrogen adsorption isotherms, micropores mainly developed when the activation temperature was below 800 °C, and both micropores and mesopores developed when it was above 800 °C. The results showed that activation temperature significantly affected micropore and mesopore volumes, as well as the specific surface area of the activated carbon. Overall, waste tea was found to be an attractive raw material for producing low-cost activated carbon.

Implications: Every year, a large amount of waste tea is generated after extraction. The high carbon content of waste tea showed that it can be used as raw material to produce activated carbon. This study investigated the feasibility of preparing activated carbon from waste tea by physical activation using steam. Temperature and time were found to have clear effects on pore properties. Our proposed method and raw material are more environmentally friendly and involve low cost. Furthermore, this offers a potential solution to the problems of waste tea disposal and low-cost activated carbon production.