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消毒剂和溶解氧对管网铁释放影响的中试研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
针对南水北调中线水源地丹江口水库水调入受水区城市后,可能引起管网铁腐蚀产物释放的问题,从北方某受水区城市的实际管网中挖取了原通地下水的3个地点的铸铁管道,在丹江口搭建了中试模拟系统,开展水源切换以及消毒剂和溶解氧对管网铁释放影响的中试研究。结果表明,实验管道管垢较薄且稳定性较差,在水源切换初期有"黄水"现象发生;增加进水硫酸根浓度,管网系统出水总铁浓度和浊度均有所增加;在0.3~3.6 mg/L的范围内改变进水自由氯浓度对实验系统铁释放的影响没有明显的规律;但进水氯胺浓度从1.3 mg/L增加到2.0 mg/L时,YS系统的铁释放有所升高;进水溶解氧浓度从8 mg/L增加到15 mg/L时,实验系统的铁释放都有明显的降低,但再增加到20 mg/L时,铁释放反而有所升高。 相似文献
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目前远距离调水已经成为解决区域水资源不足的一项重要措施。但在水源切换时,切换前后水源水的腐蚀性如果存在显著差异,可能会因腐蚀加剧而出现"黄水"或"红水"现象。因此,了解不同区域、不同类型水源的腐蚀性差异,对于科学合理地进行水资源调配具有重要意义。拉森指数(LR)是目前评价水质对铁质管网腐蚀程度的常用方法。本研究以14个城市的26个水源水为研究对象,对模拟常规工艺处理后的滤后水进行了水质分析,并计算出其拉森指数。结果表明,相对于湖库水和地下水,河流水的拉森指数偏高,有44%的河流水拉森指数大于1,具有较强的腐蚀倾向。按区域分华东和中南地区、按流域分黄河和珠江流域的水源水拉森指数平均值大于1,水源切换条件下应关注其腐蚀性情况。 相似文献
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阳宗海沉积物中磷的稳定性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
絮凝剂(Fe Cl3)治理阳宗海砷污染的过程中,水体中的磷被大量沉积进入底泥,弄清其是否会在环境条件变化后发生反溶形成二次污染对湖泊富营养化防治具有重要意义。通过模拟实验模拟泥-水界面p H变化、物理扰动和微生物活动的变化,旨在分析这些环境因子变化对沉积物中磷溶出的影响。结果表明,阳宗海水体在目前这种磷浓度下,底泥的磷会随时间的增加而溶出再次造成水体磷污染,当暴露在清洁水条件下时磷的释放率会增加;这种由于絮凝剂吸附沉淀到湖底的磷,在上覆水p H增加0.5时底泥磷解吸附释放速率增加;每年秋季湖泊上下层水的交换活动会造成水体磷浓度的季节性升高,形成不可忽视的磷内源。而夏季水温分层导致湖泊底部厌氧,使厌氧微生物活性增强,这将进一步促进底泥中磷的释放。 相似文献
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《环境工程学报》2015,(10)
微生物在采出水处理中的应用越来越广泛,但污水中的硫酸钙等在微生物表面的沉积会降低微生物的处理效果。为了研究硫酸钙垢在颗粒表面的沉积过程,利用光学显微镜、激光粒度仪测定了硫酸钙垢在粘土颗粒表面的生长形态以及粒径的大小与时间的关系;通过溶液析晶过程中电导率的变化,探索了垢在表面反应阶段的结晶动力学;同时对垢沉积过程中Zeta电位的变化规律进行研究。结果表明,硫酸钙在膨润土表面反应阶段为一级反应,反应速率常数为0.00675 min-1;10 min以后电导率不变进入晶粒长大期。晶体在粘土表面沉积过程中颗粒呈现大小循环变化趋势,总体在9~17μm之间变化。硫酸钙在膨润土表面沉积过程的Zeta电位由最大值的-34.6 m V逐渐恒定到-5~-7 m V。 相似文献
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Andreas Holbach Lijing Wang Hao Chen Wei Hu Nina Schleicher Binghui Zheng Stefan Norra 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(10):7027-7037
Increasing eutrophication and algal bloom events in the Yangtze River Three Gorges Reservoir, China, are widely discussed with regard to changed hydrodynamics and nutrient transport and distribution processes. Insights into water exchange and interaction processes between water masses related to large-scale water level fluctuations in the reservoir are crucial to understand water quality and eutrophication dynamics. Therefore, confluence zones of tributaries with the Yangtze River main stream are dedicated key interfaces. In this study, water quality data were recorded in situ and on-line in varying depths with the MINIBAT towed underwater multi-sensor system in the confluence zone of the Daning River and the Yangtze River close to Wushan City during 1 week in August 2011. Geostatistical evaluation of the water quality data was performed, and results were compared to phosphorus contents of selective water samples. The strongly rising water level throughout the measurement period caused Yangtze River water masses to flow upstream into the tributary and supply their higher nutrient and particulate loads into the tributary water body. Rapid algal growth and sedimentation occurred immediately when hydrodynamic conditions in the confluence zone became more serene again. Consequently, water from the Yangtze River main stream can play a key role in providing nutrients to the algal bloom stricken water bodies of its tributaries. 相似文献
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Water quantity and quality dynamics of the THC — Tuyamuyun Hydroengineering Complex — And implications for reservoir operation 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Froebrich J Bauer M Ikramova M Olsson O 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2007,14(6):435-442
Background In the Aral Sea basin, safe water resources are scarce and steadily becoming scarcer. Particularly high quality water is going
to become a rare good.
The object of the study was the Tuyamuyun Hydroengineering Complex (THC), a complex of artificial water reservoirs located
in the lower Amu Darya River, which provides water for irrigation, industry, and drinking for the lower Amu Darya region.
The focus was on operation of one of its four reservoirs, the Kaparas, which is mainly used for drinking water supply. The
objective includes the investigation of impacts of conventional operation schemes on the reservoir water quality for improving
drinking water quality (salinity). Basic operation rules for Kaparas, which can be considered as representative for conventional
dam operation under dry year conditions, had to be identified and improved operation schemes derived.
Methods Existing data archives were analysed, and further data were acquired from field surveys, data processing and modelling studies.
Historical data were identified, which are appropriate to determine representative schemes for the conventional operation.
For the simulation of time-dependent and depth-dependent changes of reservoir salinisation, the reservoir water quality model
Lac was used and linked with the THC model.
Results and Discussion Modelling results for the simulation of temperature dynamics and density stratification showed a sufficient congruence with
the measured temperature profiles. The conformity of measured and calculated salt concentration is basically ensured. The
reservoir, which fill with higher saline water at the end of the summer, aggravates the entrainment of high saline water in
the entire water column.
Conclusions The current conventional operation regime mainly leads to filling the Kaparas reservoir with high saline water during the
winter months. Even in the event of starting with comparable low salinity levels, the simulation demonstrates the rapid deterioration
of the reservoir water quality. Under dry year conditions, the WHO standards for drinking water will be exceeded by 30% after
two years, so that the impact of dry years in the context of water stress becomes visible.
Recommendations and Outlook Processed data and results are now available to identify enhanced reservoir operation strategies for salinity reduction by
changing the period of reservoir filling and release, as well as to initiate a detailed analysis of how water deficits in
dry years may be reduced by improved operation regimes. Using adapted and enhanced operation rules for THC reservoirs, the
local population within the lower Aral Sea basin might be supplied with more potable water of higher quality in future. 相似文献
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以粉煤灰和铁泥为原料、加入一定量NaCl作助溶剂室温下制备粉煤灰混凝剂,考察酸灰比与酸浓度对Fe3+、Al3+溶出率及混凝剂对黄河水处理效果的影响。结果表明,Fe3+、Al3+的最佳溶出条件为酸灰比3 mL/g、HCl浓度4 mol/L,此时Fe3+溶出率为28.1%,浓度为11.81 g/L;Al3+溶出率为5.2%,浓度为1.86 g/L。粉煤灰混凝剂对黄河水的处理效果在投加量2.38 mL/L、沉降时间30 min、pH 6.2~7.5时最佳,对浊度、SS和CODMn平均去除率分别为89.7%、83.6%和62.3%,优于传统市售混凝剂PAC和FC,Fe3+、Al3+同时存在有利于各自优势的发挥从而提高混凝效果。 相似文献
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Juan Wu Shuiping Cheng Zhu Li Weijie Guo Fei Zhong Daqiang Yin 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(10):7038-7045
In the past three decades, the fast development of economy and urbanization has caused increasingly severe pollutions of urban water bodies in China. Consequently, eutrophication and deterioration of aquatic ecosystem, which is especially significant for aquatic vegetation, inevitably became a pervasive problem across the Yangtze River Basin. To rehabilitate the degraded urban water bodies, vegetation replanting is an important issue to improve water quality and to rehabilitate ecosystem. As a case study, a representative polluted urban river, Nanfeihe River, in Hefei City, Anhui Province, was chosen to be a rehabilitation target. In October 2009 and May 2010, 13 species of indigenous and prevalent macrophytes, including seven species emergent, one species floating leaved, and five species submersed macrophytes, were planted along the bank slopes and in the river. Through 1.5 years’ replanting practice, the water quality and biodiversity of the river had been improved. The concentrations of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and ammonia nitrogen (NH4 +–N) declined by 46.0, 39.5, and 60.4 %, respectively. The species of macrophytes increased from 14 to 60, and the biodiversity of phytoplankton rose significantly in the river (p?<?0.05). The biomasses of zooplankton and benthos were also improved after the vegetation replanting. The study confirmed that vegetation replanting could alleviate the increasing water pollution and rehabilitate the degraded aquatic ecosystem. The case study would be an example for polluted urban waters restoration in the middle–downstream area of Yangtze River Base. 相似文献
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The capability of estuarine sediments to remove nitrogen: implications for drinking water resource in Yangtze Estuary 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Lin Liu Dongqi Wang Huanguang Deng Yangjie Li Siqi Chang Zhanlei Wu Lin Yu Yujie Hu Zhongjie Yu Zhenlou Chen 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(18):10890-10899
Water in the Yangtze Estuary is fresh most of the year because of the large discharge of Yangtze River. The Qingcaosha Reservoir built on the Changxing Island in the Yangtze Estuary is an estuarine reservoir for drinking water. Denitrification rate in the top 10 cm sediment of the intertidal marshes and bare mudflat of Yangtze Estuarine islands was measured by the acetylene inhibition method. Annual denitrification rate in the top 10 cm of sediment was 23.1 μmol m?2 h?1 in marshes (ranged from 7.5 to 42.1 μmol m?2 h?1) and 15.1 μmol m?2 h?1 at the mudflat (ranged from 6.6 to 26.5 μmol m?2 h?1). Annual average denitrification rate is higher at mashes than at mudflat, but without a significant difference (p?=?0.084, paired t test.). Taking into account the vegetation and water area of the reservoir, a total 1.42?×?108 g N could be converted into nitrogen gas (N2) annually by the sediment, which is 97.7 % of the dissolved inorganic nitrogen input through precipitation. Denitrification in reservoir sediment can control the bioavailable nitrogen level of the water body. At the Yangtze estuary, denitrification primarily took place in the top 4 cm of sediment, and there was no significant spatial or temporal variation of denitrification during the year at the marshes and mudflat, which led to no single factor determining the denitrification process but the combined effects of the environmental factors, hydrologic condition, and wetland vegetation. 相似文献
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Design of water quality monitoring networks with two information scenarios in tropical Andean basins
Juan Carlos Bastidas Jorge Julián Vélez Jeannette Zambrano Adela Londoño 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(25):20134-20148
Design and redesign of water quality monitoring networks were evaluated for two similarly sized watersheds in the tropical Andes via optimization techniques using geographic information system technology (GIS) and a matter-element analysis of 5-day biological oxygen demand (BOD5) and total suspended solids (TSS). This resulted in a flexible, objectively based design for a 1128-km2 watershed without prior water quality data (La Miel River), and a network redesign of a 1052-km2 watershed with historical water quality monitoring (Chinchiná River). Monitoring design for the undocumented basin incorporated mathematical expressions for physical, anthropological, and historical factors—and was based on clear objectives for diagnosis and intervention of water pollution. Network redesign identified network redundancy, which resulted in a 64% reduction in the number of water quality monitoring stations along the channel, and a 78% reduction of stations throughout the basin. Most tropical drainage basins throughout the world have little to no prior water quality data. But even in well-studied drainage basins like the Chinchiná River, which is among the most thoroughly studied basins in Colombia, redesign of historical and existing monitoring networks will become a standard tool to advance the restoration of polluted surface waters, not only in Colombia, but also throughout the world. 相似文献
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管道分质供水消毒副产物及其安全性评价 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
消毒副产物是饮用水中应主要控制的毒害物。然而,管道分质供水中消毒副产物特征及污染水平很少研究。以某一管道分质供水工程为例,对其中消毒副产物进行了详细研究。研究结果表明,管道分质供水消毒副产物在量与质上与其源水自来水存在很大差别。在管道分质供水中消毒副产物量少,一般不到自来水的1/10,且主要是一些毒性较低、与供水管材有关的溶出物。据此计算出管道分质供水由消毒副产物引起的致癌风险性一般不到其源水的1/10,其安全性大大提高。 相似文献
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Xinxin Hu Wei Shi Fu Cao Guanjiu Hu Yingqun Hao Si Wei Xinru Wang Hongxia Yu 《Chemosphere》2013,90(7):2123-2128
The estrogenic activities of source water from Yangtze River, Huaihe River, Taihu Lake and groundwater in Yangtze River Delta in the dry and wet season were determined by use of reporter gene assays based on African green monkey kidney (CV-1) cell lines. Higher estrogenic activities were observed in the dry season, and the estrogenic potentials in water samples from Taihu Lake were greater than other river basins. None of the samples from groundwater showed estrogen receptor (ER) agonist activity. The 17β-Estradiol (E2) equivalents (EEQs) of water samples in the dry season ranged from 9.41 × 10?1 to 1.20 × 101 ng E2 L?1. In the wet season, EEQs of all the water samples were below the detection limit as 9.00 × 10?1 ng E2 L?1 except for one sample from Huaihe River. The highest contribution of E2 was detected in Yangtze River as 99% of estrogenic activity. Nonylphenol (NP, 100% detection rate) and octylphenol (OP, 100% detection rate) might also be responsible for the estrogenic activities in water sources. Potential health risk induced by the estrogenic chemicals in source water may be posed to the residents through water drinking. 相似文献
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Wang X Wu J Hao Y Zhu B Shi W Hu G Han X Giesy JP Yu H 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(10):2720-2725
Reproductive toxicity of organic extracts of the surface water from the Tai section of the Yangtze River was assessed by in vitro cytotoxity assays and selected persistent organic pollutants including PCBs, OCPs and PAHs were quantified by instrumental analysis. Eleven of the US EPA priority PAHs were detected. Individual PAHs were found to range from 0.7 to 20 ng/L. Concentrations of BaP did not exceed the national drinking water source quality standard of China. However, a 286-fold concentrated organic extract induced significant reproductive toxicity in adult male rats. The morphology of cells, MTT assay and LDH release assay were all affected by exposure to the organic extracts of water. The results of the reproductive toxicity indicated that PAHs posed the greatest risk of the chemicals studied. The compounds present in the water could be bioconcentrated and result in adverse effects. 相似文献