树脂吸附法预处理增塑剂DOP生产废水

高浓度DOP生产废水生物毒性强,采用常规手段难以有效处理,对环境存在较高危害性。采用树脂吸附技术预处理增塑剂DOP生产废水,考察了树脂吸附与脱附的最佳工艺条件,结果表明,采用NDA99吸附树脂,在室温、吸附pH=2、吸附流速4 BV/h条件下,每批次处理量16 BV,COD去除率可达94%以上;对吸附饱和的树脂采用1 BV 8%NaOH+1 BV 4%NaOH+2 BV水,在60℃下以1 BV/h的流速进行脱附,COD脱附率超过97%,树脂的吸附-脱附性能良好。     

间硝基酚在超高交联树脂上的吸附性能

研究了5种吸附树脂(NDA-88、NDA-99、NDA-150、AM-1和XAD-4)对间硝基酚的静态吸附行为.结果表明,3种超高交联树脂(NDA-88、NDA-99和NDA-150)对间硝基酚的吸附效果都比较好.并研究了NDA-88树脂对间硝基酚的饱和吸附和脱附行为.结果显示,NDA-88树脂对间硝基酚的饱和吸附量为3.5 mmol/g,该树脂吸附间硝基酚后容易洗脱,用乙醇:2 mol/LNaOH(体积比1:1)作脱附剂,温度328 K,脱附剂用量为3 BV(床体积)时,脱附率约96%.用NDA-88树脂处理含硝基酚废水,废水的处理量为40 BV时,COD平均去除率约91%,树脂吸附性能良好.     

树脂吸附法处理氯霉素中间体DL-氨基物合成废水

研究了树脂吸附法处理氯霉素生产中产生的DL 1 对硝基苯基 2 氨基 1 ,3 丙二醇 (DL 氨基物 )碱解废水的工艺。结果表明 ,NG 1 0 0超高交联吸附树脂对废水中DL 氨基物具有较好的吸附性能。在试验条件下 ,废水CODCr为 72 0 0mg/L ,DL 氨基物含量为 2 86 5mg/L ,批处理 1 7BV时 ,平均出水CODCr降至 89 3mg/L ,CODCr去除率 >98% ;出水中DL 氨基物未检出 ,去除率近 1 0 0 %。树脂经稀酸脱附处理后 ,再生性能良好 ,高浓脱附液可直接回用于氯霉素生产酸性水解工艺中 ,使回收物得到有效利用     

001×14.5离子交换树脂对镍(Ⅱ)的吸附

实验采用离子交换树脂法吸附镍(Ⅱ),树脂选型确定了强酸性阳离子交换树脂001×14.5对镍(Ⅱ)吸附容量最大.用所选的001×14.5树脂吸附镍(Ⅱ)的过程,静态吸附实验表明,转速大于100 r/min时,对树脂吸附的影响可忽略,即基本消除外扩散,pH =7.0时吸附最佳,镍(Ⅱ)吸附率随树脂用量的增加而增大;001×14.5树脂吸附镍(Ⅱ)过程符合Langmuir等温吸附方程,且为优惠吸附;吸附过程符合拟二级动力学模型,吸附过程活化能为E=30.9 kJ/mol,由颗粒内扩散控制;用1 mol/L的硫酸对吸附饱和树脂进行脱附再生,脱附率可达98％以上.     

吸附树脂组合工艺对微污染水的净化处理效果研究

利用江苏省盐城市串场河水作为源水,在常规处理工艺对源水进行前处理的基础上,结合树脂吸附处理工艺探讨了新型吸附树脂对水源水的处理效果和树脂吸附剂的再生效果.结果表明,新型吸附树脂按照ZH-02、ZH-03和ZH-00的顺序进行组合,对经沉淀砂滤预处理后的饮用水源水中微污染有机化合物具有较好的去除效果,处理2 000 BV后需对树脂进行再生,用2～2.5 BV的醇碱在常温下脱附,元素分析结果表明脱附效果较好,对水源水进行深度处理的原料成本大约为3.9元/t.     

D006树脂对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附性能研究

通过树脂筛选实验,选用大孔强酸性阳离子树脂D006作为Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附材料,通过静态实验考察吸附时间、振荡转速、溶液pH和树脂用量对吸附效果的影响,并探讨了吸附的热力学和动力学性能,同时对树脂进行了再生实验。结果表明,D006树脂对Cd(Ⅱ)的平衡吸附量可达20.98mg/g;D006树脂吸附Cd(Ⅱ)的最佳条件为吸附时间120min、振荡转速120r/min、溶液pH 2.9左右、树脂用量0.20g;D006树脂对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附过程符合Langmuir方程,为单分子层吸附;准二级动力学模型能较好地描述Cd(Ⅱ)在D006树脂上的吸附行为,吸附的活化能为5.46kJ/mol,该吸附过程主要为物理吸附;于30℃下采用1mol/L硫酸对吸附后的D006树脂进行脱附,脱附率可达到96%以上,可实现对Cd(Ⅱ)的富集与回收。     

处理和回收氨基J酸生产废水的初步研究

初步研究了处理和回收氨基Ｊ酸生产废水的方法和ＣＨＡ－１１１大孔吸附树脂对氨基Ｊ酸吸附、脱附的工艺条件。实验结果表明，ＣＨＡ－１１１树脂对工业废水中氨基Ｊ酸有明显的去除效果，回收的氨基Ｊ酸和废酸可望获得综合利用。     

吸附邻氯酚的超高交联树脂微波辅助再生研究

以NDA-150超高交联树脂为吸附剂,邻氯酚为吸附质,氢氧化钠稀溶液为脱附剂,采用微波间歇辐照的方法,对吸附氯酚树脂的再生过程进行了研究.系统分析了微波功率、辐照时间、碱液浓度对脱附效果的影响,并确定了最佳脱附条件.结果表明,微波辐照再生速度非常快.与传统热脱附不同,微波再生过程中脱附效率并不随碱浓度的增加而升高,微波辐照功率和辐照时间对脱附效果影响明显.树脂经多批次微波辐照,吸附性能和化学结构保持稳定.     

吸附邻氯酚的超高交联树脂微波辅助再生研究

以NDA-150超高交联树脂为吸附剂，邻氯酚为吸附质，氢氧化钠稀溶液为脱附剂，采用微波间歇辐照的方法，对吸附氯酚树脂的再生过程进行了研究。系统分析了微波功率、辐照时间、碱液浓度对脱附效果的影响，并确定了最佳脱附条件。结果表明，微波辐照再生速度非常快。与传统热脱附不同，微波再生过程中脱附效率并不随碱浓度的增加而升高，微波辐照功率和辐照时间对脱附效果影响明显。树脂经多批次微波辐照，吸附性能和化学结构保持稳定。     

三乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂制备的高吸水树脂对重金属的吸附

以前期工作中合成的树脂PAANa-TE为吸附剂进行重金属吸附测试,考察吸附剂用量、丙烯酸中和度、吸附时间、溶液pH、初始浓度和吸附温度对树脂吸附重金属离子Cu2+、Pb2+、Cr3+和Co2+性能的影响,用原子吸收分光光度计测定了树脂吸附Cu2+、Pb2+、Cr3+和Co2+后的残留浓度,树脂对4种金属离子的吸附容量分别为21.59、2.39、5.66和4.98 mmol/g,吸附容量大小为Cu2+Cr3+Co2+Pb2+,吸附速率顺序为Cr3+Pb2+Cu2+Co2+。结果表明,该树脂对高浓度重金属离子有较快速,高效率的吸附,吸附过程在100 min左右吸附容量达到最大,并用不同浓度的酸对吸附重金属离子的树脂进行脱附处理,脱附量很小,据此可考虑进一步对金属离子进行回收处理。且脱附率较低,因此,可对工业化和城市化进程所产生的各种化学形态的重金属水体污染物造成的生态环境和质量问题起到重要的改善作用。     

Measurements of atmospheric nitrous acid and nitric acid

A highly sensitive technique for the measurement of atmospheric HONO and HNO₃ is reported. The technique is based on aqueous scrubbing using two coil samplers, followed by conversion of HNO₃ to nitrite, derivatization of nitrite to a highly light-absorbing azo dye with sulfanilamide (SA) and N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine (NED), and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. HNO₃ concentration was obtained by the difference of the two channels. Two scrubbing solutions were used for sampling the two species: a 1-mM phosphate buffer solution (pH 7) for the measurement of HONO and a 180 mM NH₄Cl/NH₃ buffer solution (pH 8.5) for the measurement of HONO+HNO₃. The scrubbing solution flow rate was 0.24 ml min⁻¹ and the gas sampling flow rate was 2 l min⁻¹. HNO₃ in the NH₄Cl/NH₃ buffer solution was quantitatively reduced to nitrite along an on-line 0.8-cm Cd reductor column. Nitrite in both channels was derivatized with 2 mM SA and 0.2 mM NED in 25 mM HCl. Quantitative derivatization was achieved within 5 min at 55°C. The azo dye derivative was then separated from the SA/NED reagent by reversed-phase HPLC and detected with a UV-vis detector at 540 nm. With an on-line SEP-PAK C-18 cartridge for the reagent purification, the method detection limit is estimated to be better than 1 pptv for HONO and about 20 pptv for HNO₃. The sample integration time was about 2 min and the sampling frequency is every 10 min. Data collected in downtown Albany and Whiteface Mountain, NY, are shown as examples of applications of this technique in both urban and remote clean environments.     

改性膨润土对J酸溶液和废母液处理效果

研究了改性膨润土对Ｊ酸溶液和Ｊ酸废母液的处理效果,结果表明,改性膨润土对Ｊ酸溶液的处理效果比Ｊ酸废母液要好,对Ｊ酸废母液的去除效果与ｐＨ和硫酸钠含量有关,在中性或弱碱性条件下,硫酸钠含量越低。对Ｊ酸废母液的去除率越高,最高可达到５０％左右。     

Humic acid in ice: Photo-enhanced conversion of nitrogen dioxide into nitrous acid

Laboratory studies on the heterogeneous conversion of nitrogen dioxide into nitrous acid on irradiated ice films containing humic acid are described. It was found that the presence of light in the visible range of the solar spectrum significantly enhances the rate of nitrous acid release from a humic acid doped ice film. This process might contribute to observed HONO production in snow, where the NO₂ is thought to originate from nitrate photolysis. Analysis of the experimental data based on the Langmuir Hinshelwood model framework allowed quantification of the observed dependencies of the nitrous acid production rate on nitrogen dioxide concentration. The observed dependencies on the humic acid concentration as well as on the irradiation intensity were used to estimate light-driven HONO fluxes for environmental snow covers.     

Andersen酸雨采样器与国产酸雨采样器监测数据对比分析

对美国Andersen酸雨采样器与国产酸雨采样器在pH、电导率、雨量三方面的采样性能作了比较试验，结果表明监测数据基本一致，其中pH值的可比性最好，相关系数达到0.99;Andersen酸雨采样器采集的样品其电导率普遍低于国产酸雨采样器，说明该仪器在防颗粒物干扰方面性能较好。     

Growth of Azotobacter chroococcum in chemically defined media containing p-hydroxybenzoic acid and protocatechuic acid

Growth and utilization of different phenolic acids present in olive mill wastewater (OMW) by Azotobacter chroococcum were studied in chemically defined media. Growth and utilization of phenolic acids were only detected when the microorganism was cultured on p-hydroxybenzoic acid at concentration from 0.01% to 0.5% (w/v) and protocatechuic acid at concentration from 0.01% to 0.3% (w/v) as sole carbon sources suggesting that only these phenolic compounds could be utilized as a carbon source by A. chroococcum. Moreover when culture media were added with a mixture of 0.3% of protocatechuic acid and 0.3% p-hydroxybenzoic acid, the microorganism degradated in first place protocatechuic acid and once the culture medium was depleted of this compound, the degradation of p-hydroxybenzoic acid commenced very fast.     

Characteristics of MnO2 catalytic ozonation of sulfosalicylic acid and propionic acid in water

The characteristics of different types of MnO₂ catalytic ozonation of sulfosalicylic acid (SSal) and propionic acid (PPA) have been investigated in this paper. The experimental results show the dependence of catalytic activity of MnO₂ on organic compounds and the pH of solutions, but it is independent on the type of MnO₂. For example, three types of MnO₂ have not any catalytic activity when ozonation of PPA under the condition of this experiment. All MnO₂ catalytic ozonation of SSal at pH=1.0 have a greater total organic carbon removal than ozonation alone has, however, at pH=6.8 and 8.5, catalytic efficiency is not observed. Furthermore, the batch experimental results indicate that there are no direct relationship between the activity of metal oxide catalytic decomposition of ozone and that of its catalytic degradation of organic compounds.     

Environmental photodegradation of mefenamic acid

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products are an emerging class of environmental pollutants. Photolysis is expected to be a major loss process for many of these compounds in surface waters, including the common non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug mefenamic acid. The direct photolysis solar quantum yield of mefenamic acid was observed to be 1.5+/-0.3x10(-4). Significant photosensitization was observed in solutions of Suwanee River fulvic acid and Mississippi River water, as well as for the model photosensitization compounds 3'-methoxyacetophenone, 2-acetonaphthone and perinaphthenone. Quenching, sparging and light-filtering experiments suggested a direct reaction of mefenamic acid with excited triplet-state dissolved organic matter as the major photosensitization process. The persistence of the model photosensitizer suggests that the photosensitization by perinaphthenone occurs either by triplet-energy transfer or an electron transfer followed by rapid regeneration of the sensitizer. Due to its low quantum yield, the loss of mefenamic acid in sunlit natural waters is expected to depend on both direct and indirect photodegradation processes.     

Trifluoroacetic acid in ancient freshwater

Substantial concentrations (typically 10–100 ng/l) of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) have been reported in contemporary saltwater and freshwater. It is well established that TFA is produced as the result of industrial activities. It is unclear whether there are any significant natural sources of this compound. To provide insight into the likely magnitude of possible natural sources of TFA we collected five samples of pre-industrial (>2000 year old) freshwater from Greenland and Denmark; there was no detectable TFA (<2 ng/l) in any of these samples. The available data suggest that TFA is not a naturally occurring trace component of the freshwater environment.     

acid rain and environmental policy

Editor’s note: This paper by Dr. Jacobson was presented at the 74th annual meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association as part of a panel discussion entitled “Acid Rain–1981: An International Issue.” The session was held on June 22, 1981, and was arranged by APCA’s TT-6 Energy-Environmental Interactions Committee.     

Trichloroacetic acid in the environment

Suppositions that the trichloroacetic acid (TCA, CCl3C(O)OH) found in nature was a consequence solely of the use of chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents prompted this critical review of the literature on its environmental fluxes and occurrences. TCA is widely distributed in forest soils (where it was rarely used as an herbicide) and measurements suggest a soil flux of 160 000 tonnes yr(-1) in European forests alone. TCA is also produced during oxidative water treatment and the global flux could amount to 55 000 tonnes yr(-1) (from pulp and paper manufacture, potable water and cooling water treatments). By contrast, the yields of TCA from chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents are small: from tetrachloroethene 13 600 tonnes yr(-1) and from 1,1,1-trichloroethane 4300 tonnes yr(-1) on a global basis, at the atmospheric burdens and removal rates typical of the late 1990s. TCA is ubiquitous in rainwater and snow. Its concentrations are highly variable and the variations cannot be connected with location or date. However, there is no significant difference between the concentrations found in Chile and in eastern Canada (by the same analysts), or between Malawi and western Canada, or between Antarctica and Switzerland, nor any significant difference globally between the concentrations in cloud, rain and snow (although local enhancement in fog water has been shown). TCA is present in old ice and firn. At the deepest levels, the firn was deposited early in the 19th century, well before the possibility of contamination by industrial production of reactive chlorine, implying a non-industrial background. This proposition is supported by plume measurements from pulp mills in Finland. TCA is ubiquitous in soils; concentrations are very variable but there are some indications that soils under coniferous trees contain higher amounts. The concentrations of TCA found in plant tissue are region-specific and may also be plant-specific, to the extent that conifers seem to contain more than other species. TCA is removed from the environment naturally. There is abundant evidence that soil microorganisms dehalogenate TCA and it is lost from within spruce needles with a half-life of 10 days. There is also recent evidence of an abiotic aqueous decarboxylation mechanism with a half-life of 22 days. The supposedly widespread effects of TCA in conifer needles are not shown in controlled experiments. At concentrations in the needles of Scots pine similar to those observed in needles in forest trees, changes consequent on TCA treatment of field laboratory specimens were almost all insignificant.