磁性氮掺杂碳材料活化过硫酸盐降解酸性橙7

采用一步水热碳化法制备出微米级磁性氮掺杂碳材料（Magnetic N-doped Carbonaceous Materials,MNC）作为过硫酸盐（Persulfate,PDS）活化剂,以生成的活性氧化物质降解偶氮类染料酸性橙7（Acid Orange 7,AO7）.同时,利用扫描电镜（SEM）、比表面积与孔径测定仪（BET）、振动样品磁强计（VSM）等对MNC进行表征,考察了MNC投加量、PDS浓度、初始p H值和无机阴离子对活化PDS降解AO7的影响,并采用紫外-可见光谱分析、淬灭实验和电子顺磁性共振（Electron Paramagnetic Resonance,EPR）初步探讨了AO7的降解机理.结果表明,MNC呈微米级球状,表面富含含氧基团和氨基等活性点位;饱和磁化强度为12.7 emu·g^-1,能在外加磁场条件下实现固液分离.AO7去除率随MNC投加量、PDS浓度的增加而增加,但初始p H对AO7降解的影响呈相反规律,随p H升高而降低.3种无机阴离子对AO7降解抑制程度大小顺序为HCO₃^->SO     

单原子Co-C-N催化过一硫酸盐降解金橙Ⅱ

采用模板蚀刻法合成单原子Co-C-N催化剂并催化过一硫酸盐(PMS)降解偶氮染料金橙Ⅱ(AO7).考察了催化剂投加量、PMS浓度、pH值和染料废水中常见的Cl-对Co-C-N/PMS体系去除AO7的影响,探讨了体系的反应机理,分析了矿化能力和催化剂重复利用性能.结果表明,在Co-C-N/PMS体系中,反应随着催化剂投加...     

超声复合铁碳活化过硫酸盐处理有机废水

通过搭建超声复合铁碳活化过硫酸盐耦合系统（US/PS/Fe-C）,用于处理三苯甲烷衍生物结晶紫（CV）.结果表明US/PS/Fe-C三元体系具有良好的耦合效果.对商品铁碳和自制的不同工艺铁碳活化剂,分别采用X-射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜对活化剂的结构和表面形貌进行分析.使用商品铁碳作为活化剂研究不同因素对US/PS/Fe-C三元耦合体系降解CV的影响,其最优条件为：PDS浓度2 mmol ·L^-1,铁碳活化剂1 g ·L^-1,pH未调,30 min后对质量浓度为15 mg ·L^-1CV的去除率达90%.探究阴阳离子对于体系的影响,发现Mg²⁺和NO^3-对体系处理几乎没有影响,Mn²⁺、Cl^-和CO₃^2-对于体系的处理有一定的抑制作用,Fe²⁺在低浓度时可以促进反应,在高浓度时会抑制反应.通过加入不同的淬灭剂,得出在该体系中主要含有¹O₂、SO₄^- ·、·O₂^-和·OH这4种活性物质.     

负载磁性废茶生物炭活化过一硫酸盐高效降解水中腐殖酸和富里酸

城市污水厂二级处理出水中含有大量的溶解性有机物(Dissolved organic matters,DOM)会对生物和受纳水体构成潜在的危害,因此有必要对二级处理出水进行深度处理.本研究以农业废弃物茶叶渣为原料,通过对废弃茶叶改性和负磁制备一种磁性废茶生物炭(Fe-tea biochar,Fe-TB),用于活化过一硫酸...     

丙酮活化过一硫酸盐性能及非自由基机制

利用丙酮活化过一硫酸盐(Peroxymonosulfate,PMS)氧化降解酸性橙7(AO7),考察了丙酮投加量、PMS浓度、初始pH值及共存阴离子等反应条件对AO7氧化降解的影响,探讨了丙酮/PMS反应体系中的反应机制.结果表明,当初始p H为9.0、n(PMS)/n(AO7)为17.5∶1、丙酮投加量为10 mmol·L-1时,反应30 min可使AO7的降解率达到99.8%.在丙酮/PMS的活化体系中,随着丙酮投加量、PMS浓度和p H的升高,AO7的降解率也逐渐增大,碱性条件下最有利于AO7的降解.自由基淬灭实验分析表明,单线态氧(1O2)是氧化降解AO7的主要活性物种.Cl-、CO2-3对丙酮/PMS体系中AO7的降解有促进作用,离子浓度越高,AO7降解速率越快,腐殖酸(HA)的加入对AO7的降解有轻微的抑制作用.紫外可见光谱分析表明,AO7分子中的偶氮键及萘环结构被破坏,从而得到降解.     

微生物燃料电池电活化过硫酸盐降解甲基橙偶氮染料

为研究MFC（微生物燃料电池）产生电能活化PDS（过硫酸盐）对偶氮染料的降解能力,以MO（甲基橙）为目标污染物,探讨pH、c（PDS）、初始c（MO）、无机阴离子等对MO降解的影响及降解机理.结果表明:①当pH为3~5时,MO降解率随pH降低而升高;当pH低于3时,MO降解率随pH的降低而降低;MO降解率随初始c（MO）的增大而降低.当c（PDS）为1~2 mmol/L时,MO降解率随c（PDS）增加而增大;当c（PDS）超过2 mmol/L后呈减小趋势.②最佳反应条件[pH为3、初始c（MO）为0.10 mmol/L、c（PDS）为2 mmol/L]下,反应4 h后MO降解率可达86.5%.③无机阴离子HCO₃-、NO₃-、CO₃2-对MO降解存在抑制作用,当阴离子投加量为10 mmol/L时,降解率分别为64.2%、68.8%、76.1%,而Cl-对MO降解无显著影响.④淬灭试验表明,体系的主要活性物质为SO₄-·及少量·OH.⑤通过紫外-可见光谱扫描,依据MO结构与特征吸收峰的关系,推测MO降解途径,即MO发色基团偶氮双键断裂,生成含苯环类中间产物,最终矿化为CO₂和H₂O.研究显示,MFC能有效活化PDS产生SO₄-·,对偶氮染料有较好的降解和矿化效果.      

改性沼渣生物质炭活化过硫酸盐降解酚类性能

通过高温热解+稀盐酸改性制备改性沼渣生物质炭(ZBC-800),研究了ZBC-800活化过硫酸盐(PS)的效能,考察了活化剂、PS投加量、初始pH值对苯酚降解效果的影响,并实际运用于含酚类焦化废水TOC去除.结果表明,ZBC-800活化PS对苯酚去除效果显著,120min去除率达到91.58%,体系中主要通过产生¹O₂的非自由基途径降解苯酚;苯酚的去除效率随着ZBC-800投加量增加而提升,但高浓度PS会起到一定的抑制;不同初始pH值(4.10、6.80、8.40、10.00)对苯酚的降解效果基本没有影响,最终去除效率范围为91.58%~93.10%;针对实际含酚焦化废水,在初始pH=3、8.94g/L ZBC-800和0.5g/L PS体系下,TOC去除率达86.09%.表明ZBC-800可高效活化PS降解苯酚,效果显著,并在实际废水中表现出较好的降解能力,具有一定的应用前景.     

铁改性掺氮碳纤维活化过一硫酸盐降解双酚A

通过静电纺丝制备了 Fe和N掺杂改性的碳纳米纤维(Fe-N-CNF),研究了该催化剂活化过一硫酸盐(PMS)降解双酚A(BPA)的性能.以聚丙烯腈为前驱体通过添加FeCl3、尿素、NH4Cl、均苯四甲酸二酐等配制溶胶进行静电纺丝,预氧化并高温碳化后获得Fe-N-CNF,研究了 Fe-N-CNF投加量、PPMS投加量、溶...     

可见光驱动下罗丹明B自活化过硫酸盐降解双酚A

目前,过硫酸盐的常规活化方法研究已经逐步成熟,但因成本过高或催化剂难以回收和二次污染等问题严重制约了其实际应用.本研究通过构建染料自活化体系,探讨了染料在活化过二硫酸盐发生自脱色以及降解其他污染物方面的应用潜能.结果表明,染料在可见光照射下可活化过二硫酸盐,不仅可以实现染料自脱色,而且可以降解其他污染物,罗丹明B与双酚...     

锰基氧化物活化过硫酸盐降解水中有机污染物的研究进展

近年来,基于硫酸根自由基（SO₄·-）的新型高级氧化技术研发及其在水污染控制和土壤修复方面的应用备受关注.锰基氧化物因其结构性质多变、自然丰度高、环境友好等优势,被广泛应用于活化过氧一硫酸盐（PMS）和过氧二硫酸盐（PDS）处理难降解有机污染物.该文对可活化PMS/PDS的锰基氧化物的类型、结构特征、合成方法及影响反应活性的因素等进行了介绍,重点对不同锰基催化剂活化PMS/PDS的反应机理进行了讨论,并对未来的研究和发展进行了展望,旨在为拓展锰基矿物材料环境应用和阐明过硫酸盐活化机制提供重要参考.结果表明:活化产生的SO₄·-和羟基自由基（·OH）对污染物的降解起关键作用.SO₄·-具有较高的稳定性和氧化性,在降解过程中发挥主导作用.复合型锰基氧化物相较于单一锰基氧化物表现出更优的催化反应活性.PMS和PDS活化的反应机理存在显著差异:前者通过Mn（Ⅳ）与Mn（Ⅲ）之间的氧化还原循环,先生成SO₅·-再产生SO₄·-,而后者是通过氧化还原反应相继生成S₂O₈·-及SO₄·-.此外,MnO₂活化PDS还存在仅生成单态氧的非自由基反应机理.现阶段锰基氧化物活化PDS的相关研究仍比较匮乏,值得未来进一步深入研究.锰基材料活化PDS/PMS产生的活泼中间体Mn（Ⅲ）的鉴定及对污染物降解的贡献仍需更多直接的试验证据.      

活性炭强化热活化过硫酸盐降解对硝基苯酚

热活化过硫酸盐（PS）可降解有机污染物,但通常需要较高的反应温度,成为制约降解效率的关键因素之一.为提高热活化PS效率,向反应体系中加入活性炭（AC）并以对硝基苯酚（PNP）为目标污染物,考察AC强化热活化PS降解PNP的效率,分析pH值、PS浓度和AC投加量等因素对PNP降解的影响,确定最佳反应条件.结果表明,AC可以明显强化热活化PS降解PNP,在AC=1.0g/L,PS=2.0mmol/L,PNP=10.0mg/L,T=50℃和pH=3.5条件下,120min时AC/PS体系对PNP降解率可达100.00%,而PS体系对PNP降解率仅为31.69%.自由基猝灭实验表明,AC/PS/PNP体系为自由基反应,SO₄·^-和·OH共同参与PNP降解且以SO₄·^-为主导.机制分析阐明AC上的表面缺陷为活性位点,其与PS中O—O键作用导致O—O键键能降低,进而O—O在热活化下均裂形成SO₄·^-.PNP降解中间产物分析表明AC仅提高了热活化PS降解PNP反应速率,未改变PNP的降解路径.     

活性炭强化热活化过硫酸盐降解对硝基苯酚

热活化过硫酸盐（PS）可降解有机污染物,但通常需要较高的反应温度,成为制约降解效率的关键因素之一.为提高热活化PS效率,向反应体系中加入活性炭（AC）并以对硝基苯酚（PNP）为目标污染物,考察AC强化热活化PS降解PNP的效率,分析pH值、PS浓度和AC投加量等因素对PNP降解的影响,确定最佳反应条件.结果表明,AC可以明显强化热活化PS降解PNP,在AC=1.0g/L,PS=2.0mmol/L,PNP=10.0mg/L,T=50℃和pH=3.5条件下,120min时AC/PS体系对PNP降解率可达100.00%,而PS体系对PNP降解率仅为31.69%.自由基猝灭实验表明,AC/PS/PNP体系为自由基反应,SO₄·^-和·OH共同参与PNP降解且以SO₄·^-为主导.机制分析阐明AC上的表面缺陷为活性位点,其与PS中O—O键作用导致O—O键键能降低,进而O—O在热活化下均裂形成SO₄·^-.PNP降解中间产物分析表明AC仅提高了热活化PS降解PNP反应速率,未改变PNP的降解路径.     

Heterogeneous Fenton-like degradation of 4-chlorophenol using iron/ordered mesoporous carbon catalyst

Ordered mesoporous carbon supported iron catalysts(Fe/OMC) were prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method and investigated in Fenton-like degradation of 4-chlorophenol(4CP) in this work. XRD and TEM characterization showed that the iron oxides were well dispersed on the OMC support and grew bigger with the increasing calcination temperature. The catalyst prepared with a lower calcination temperature showed higher decomposition efficiency towards 4CP and H2O2, but more metals were leached. The effect of different operational parameters such as initial pH, H2O2 dosage, and reaction temperature on the catalytic activity was evaluated. The results showed that 96.1% of 4CP and 47.4% of TOC was removed after 270 min at 30°C, initial pH of 3 and 6.6 mmol/L H2O2. 88% of 4CP removal efficiency was retained after three successive runs, indicating Fe/OMC a stable catalyst for Fenton reaction. 4CP was degraded predominately by the attack of hydroxyl radical formed on the catalyst surface and in the bulk solution due to iron leaching. Based on the degradation intermediates detected by high performance liquid chromatography, possible oxidation pathways were proposed during the 4CP degradation.     

Rapid removal of bisphenol A on highly ordered mesoporous carbon

Bisphenol A (BPA) is of global concern due to its disruption of endocrine systems and ubiquity in the aquatic environment. It is important, therefore, that e orts are made to remove it from the aqueous phase. A novel adsorbent, mesoporous carbon CMK-3, prepared from hexagonal SBA-15 mesoporous silica was studied for BPA removal from aqueous phase, and compared with conventional powdered activated carbon (PAC). Characterization of CMK-3 by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray di raction, and nitrogen adsorption indicated that prepared CMK-3 had an ordered mesoporous structure with a high specific surface area of 920 m2/g and a pore-size of about 4.9 nm. The adsorption of BPA on CMK-3 followed a pseudo second-order kinetic model. The kinetic constant was 0.00049 g/(mg min), much higher than the adsorption of BPA on PAC. The adsorption isotherm fitted slightly better with the Freundlich model than the Langmuir model, and adsorption capacity decreased as temperature increased from 10 to 40°C. No significant influence of pH on adsorption was observed at pH 3 to 9; however, adsorption capacity decreased dramatically from pH 9 to 13.     

羟胺强化过渡金属活化过硫酸盐降解磺胺甲恶唑

以典型磺胺类抗生素—磺胺甲恶唑(SMZ)为降解对象,选取赤铁矿(α-Fe_2O_3)、氧化钴(Co_2O_3)和氧化铜(CuO)3种过渡金属氧化物(M_xO_y),研究了羟胺(HA)对3种过渡金属氧化物活化过硫酸盐(PDS)降解SMZ的强化效果及机理.结果表明,HA对M_xO_y/PDS体系降解SMZ具有明显的促进作用,初始HA、PDS、M_xO_y和SMZ浓度均对SMZ的降解具有重要影响.电子顺磁共振(EPR)实验结果证实,α-Fe_2O_3/HA/PDS和Co_2O_3/HA/PDS体系中的主要活性自由基是·OH,而CuO/HA/PDS体系中SMZ的降解并不依赖于自由基的生成,表面活化态PDS是降解SMZ的主要活性物种.此外,采用高效液相色谱-离子阱质谱联用仪(HPLC-ESI-MS)检测了SMZ在Co_2O_3/HA/PDS体系中的降解产物.结果表明,SMZ主要通过3条路径进行降解矿化,分别为氨基官能团的硝基化、不饱和碳碳双键的羟基加成及磺胺键的断裂.     

Non-radical activation of persulfate with Bi2O3/BiO1.3I0.4 for efficient degradation of propranolol under visible light

Non-radical activation of persulfate (PS) by photocatalysts is an effective approach for removing organic pollutants from aqueous environments.In this study,a novel Bi₂O₃/BiO_1.3I_0.4heterojunction was synthesized using a facile solvothermal approach and used for the first time for non-radical activation of PS to degrade propranolol (PRO) in the presence of visible light.The findings found that the degradation rate of PRO in the Bi₂O₃     

Adsorption of benzene,cyclohexane and hexane on ordered mesoporous carbon

Ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) with high specific surface area and large pore volume was synthesized and tested for use as an adsorbent for volatile organic compound (VOC) disposal. Benzene, cyclohexane and hexane were selected as typical adsorbates due to their different molecular sizes and extensive utilization in industrial processes. In spite of their structural differences, high adsorption amounts were achieved for all three adsorbates, as the pore size of OMC is large enough for the access of these VOCs. In addition, the unusual bimodal-like pore size distribution gives the adsorbates a higher diffusion rate compared with conventional adsorbents such as activated carbon and carbon molecular sieve. Kinetic analysis suggests that the adsorption barriers mainly originated from the difficulty of VOC vapor molecules entering the pore channels of adsorbents. Therefore, its superior adsorption ability toward VOCs, together with a high diffusion rate, makes the ordered mesoporous carbon a promising potential adsorbent for VOC disposal.     

Adsorption of benzene, cyclohexane and hexane on ordered mesoporous carbon

Ordered mesoporous carbon(OMC) with high specific surface area and large pore volume was synthesized and tested for use as an adsorbent for volatile organic compound(VOC)disposal. Benzene, cyclohexane and hexane were selected as typical adsorbates due to their different molecular sizes and extensive utilization in industrial processes. In spite of their structural differences, high adsorption amounts were achieved for all three adsorbates, as the pore size of OMC is large enough for the access of these VOCs. In addition, the unusual bimodal-like pore size distribution gives the adsorbates a higher diffusion rate compared with conventional adsorbents such as activated carbon and carbon molecular sieve. Kinetic analysis suggests that the adsorption barriers mainly originated from the difficulty of VOC vapor molecules entering the pore channels of adsorbents. Therefore, its superior adsorption ability toward VOCs, together with a high diffusion rate, makes the ordered mesoporous carbon a promising potential adsorbent for VOC disposal.     

紫外激活过硫酸盐降解莠灭净的动力学研究

采用紫外（UV）激活过硫酸盐（PS）氧化降解水中莠灭净（AMT）.比较了单独UV和UV/PS两种工艺的降解效果和经济性,并考察了底物初始浓度、PS投加量以及反应初始pH值3个因素对UV/PS去除AMT动力学的影响.同时采用间接法对反应中生成的主要自由基进行了鉴定.结果表明：UV/PS比单独UV系统降解AMT更经济有效.AMT降解过程符合准一级动力学模型（R²≥0.95）,随着底物浓度的增加,准一级反应速率常数kobs逐渐减小;kobs随PS投加量的增加逐渐增大;控制pH为5~10时,kobs逐渐减小,pH值为5时,kobs达到最大值,为0.0540min-1;pH为7时反应中主要生成的自由基为·SO₄^-.     

碳量子点修饰石墨相氮化碳光催化降解罗丹明B的研究

利用抗坏血酸（AA）对石墨相氮化碳（g-C₃N₄）进行改性,制备出表面含有碳量子点（CQDs）的催化剂CQDs/g-C₃N₄.通过X射线衍射（XRD）、紫外可见光漫反射（UV-Vis DRS）、透射电镜（TEM）、光致发光光谱（PL）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）对催化剂进行结构、形貌、光学性能测试.发现CQDs很好的负载到了g-C₃N₄表面,增加了催化剂表面活性位点.UV-Vis DRS表明碳量子点能够使催化剂的吸收光谱发生红移,同时缩小了催化剂的带隙宽度,增强了对光的吸收能力.光致发光光谱则显示了碳量子点的修饰能够有效的抑制光生电子空穴对的复合,从而提高光催化性能.通过光降解实验表明0.01g CQDs/g-C₃N₄催化剂在80℃下,3h对罗丹明B（RhB）的降解率为57.2%.捕获剂实验则说明了超氧自由基（·O₂^-）在光降解体系中起到了促进反应速率的作用.