烟气脱硫菌株的筛选与烟气脱硫效率的影响因素

为了寻找烟道气中SO2的微生物转化方法,为微生物脱硫技术的工业化应用提供一定的技术依据,进行了烟气脱硫菌株的筛选和影响烟气脱硫效率有关因素的实验研究,结果表明,单一菌株中,5-2-1菌株的脱硫效率最高.培养12 d后,脱硫率达67.20%,与单一菌株相比,混合菌株有更好的脱硫能力;重金属、有机物、氟化物质对菌株脱硫能力的影响结果表明,在菌液中添加Fe3 、Mn2 不仅能促进菌株生长,还能提高生物菌株的脱硫能力;通过正交实验得出,影响生物菌株脱硫能力大小的因素顺序为:Fe3 >Mn2 >联苯>SO2 浓度>Cr3 >pb2 >pH,通过F显著性检验得知,Fe3 、Mn2、联苯的作用是显著的.     

Pollution by cadmiumin the vicinity of smelting operations

Some investigations into the pollution by cadmium around smelters have been reviewed. The areas discussed include Japan, the United Kingdom, North America, and Australia. The account describes the various types of investigation carried out. Cadmium levels in soils and in vegetation at various distances from smelters in a number of locations are given. From the results considered, a number of conclusions can be drawn, for example, contamination is mostly aerial and particulate. The extent of pollution from this type of aerial fallout is very dependent upon meteorological conditions and local topography, and generally decreases with distance from the smelter stack.     

Post tsunami mangrove evaluation in coastal vicinity of Andaman Islands,India

The present study was carried out to determine the mangrove area water quality, mangrove diversity and density at Minnie Bay, Lalaji Bay and Aerial Bay (Andaman Islands, India). The physicochemical parameters such as salinity, nitrate, inorganic phosphate and total phosphorus varied significantly. Mangrove diversity was high at Minnie Bay while density at Aerial Bay. Rhizophora mucronata dominated at all three sites during the study period. Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′?=?2.261) and Pielou’s evenness (J′?=?0.8348) were high at Minnie Bay. The higher species density cover (5.679 Nos./m²) was recorded at Aerial Bay. Bray-Curtis cluster analysis showed 63.35 % similarity and formed two clusters. Though uplift and subsidence of coastal land due to the Mw 9.3 Sumatra earthquake in 2004 has affected the mangrove vegetation, its rejuvenation was observed in the newly formed inter-tidal areas due to changes in coastal geomorphology. The comparative study on physicochemical parameters, mangrove coverage and conservation are discussed in detail.     

乌鲁木齐市大气中SO2的灰色预测

根据灰色系统理论,联系乌鲁木齐市大气环境的实际状况,建立了精度检验为一级的灰色预测模型,并对大气中的SO2值进行了预测分析,结果表明,该预测模型具有较高的准确性、合理性和可信度.     

脱硫脱硫弧菌去除SO2的工艺条件研究

从太原污水处理厂分离到1株硫酸盐还原菌,对其进行形态学观察及生理生化特征测定,鉴定为脱硫脱硫弧菌(Desulfovibriodesulfuricans).该菌株在pH=7、温度30℃、搅拌速度270r/min时生长最好,处理SO2的能力最强.当二氧化硫进口浓度小于10334mg/m3,SO2-3累积浓度小于87.31mg/L时,菌体生长良好,碱液流加速率较小,但当二氧化硫进口浓度达到11582mg/m3,SO2-累积至124.06mg/L时,菌体生长受到抑制,系统被破坏.图6参11     

SO_2和NO_2胁迫对红花荷等植物光合生理影响及抗性评价

为探讨红花荷（Rhodoleia championii）等12种园林植物抗SO2和NO2污染能力,以1～2年生实生苗为材料,通过人工气候室的盆栽实验,研究不同SO2和NO2混合气体胁迫对园林植物苗木光合参数和相对叶绿素含量的影响,并利用隶属函数法及系统聚类分析法对其抗SO2和NO2污染能力进行了综合评价。结果表明,植物叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和相对叶绿素含量基本上随着SO2和NO2胁迫的加剧而逐渐降低,但水分利用效率受净光合速率和蒸腾速率变化的影响规律不明显。综合隶属函数和聚类分析可知,红花荷和红千层（Callistemon rigidus）抗污染能力强,杜鹃红山茶（Camellia azalea）和粉红羊蹄甲（Bauhinia blakeana）抗污染能力较强,红花银桦（Grevillea robusta）和无忧树（Saraca divespierre）抗污染能力中等,大叶紫薇（Lagerstroemia speciosa）、金花风铃木（Tabebuia chrysantha）和腊肠树（Cassia fistula）抗污染能力较弱,而本地火焰木（Spathodea nilotica）、复羽叶栾树（Koelreuteria bipinnata）和樱花（Prunus serrulata）抗污染能力弱。研究结果为火电厂、陶瓷厂、钢铁厂、石化厂等重度酸污染地区植物选择提供参考。     

硫酸亚铈催化下二苯甲烷的合成

介绍苯和苯甲醇在环境友好型催化剂硫酸亚铈的催化下合成二苯甲烷,研究了催化剂用量、反应时间对该傅克反应的影响.实验结果表明,该催化剂具有良好的催化活性,实验过程简单,无腐蚀,无废水污染.表1,参4.     

SO2胁迫对拟南芥抗氧化酶活性的影响

SO2是一种常见的全球性大气污染物,对人类健康和生态系统有严重的危害。多数植物在SO2胁迫时不能正常生长发育,因此研究SO2对植物的影响、分析植物逆境生理过程,对损伤和抗逆机理研究具有重要意义。文章以3周龄的拟南芥(Arabidopsis thalianal L.)植株为实验材料,对幼苗进行SO2(2.5、10、30mg·m-3)连续熏气,定时(8、56、104、152h)检测地上部分抗氧化酶活性和可溶性蛋白质含量的变化。结果表明,SO2熏气前期超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性诱导性增高,其中SOD活性增加最快,8h后即显著高于对照,并具有浓度效应,POD活性在SO2暴露8h后略有增高,56h、104h时明显增加;熏气152h后,SOD和POD活性显著降低。处理组和对照组的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和可溶性蛋白质含量在熏气前期略有增高,152h后有所降低。研究结果表明,环境中较高浓度的SO2对植物细胞具有氧化胁迫作用,并可能产生氧化损伤效应。     

硫酸镁调节SO2衍生物对大鼠海马神经元钠通道的刺激作用

利用全细胞膜片钳技术研究了硫酸镁(MgSO4)对SO2衍生物刺激大鼠海马神经元电压门控性钠通道的调节作用.结果表明,MgSO4对SO2衍生物增大大鼠海马神经元钠电流的效应具有抑制作用,此作用随着SO2衍生物浓度的增加而减弱,随着MgSO4浓度的增加而增强.不同时间加入MgSO4均会显著抑制SO2衍生物增大钠电流的效应,说明MgSO4不仅对SO2衍生物增大钠电流的效应具有抑制作用,而且可即时和延效性地抑制此损伤效应的发生.研究结果提示,硫酸镁对SO2衍生物刺激大鼠海马神经元钠通道具有抑制作用,这可能是MgSO4对SO2引发的中枢神经系统损伤具有防护和治疗作用的机制之一.图4参14     

Design and prediction for highly efficient SO2 capture from flue gas by imidazolium ionic liquids

An efficient method for prediction in the capture of SO2 from flue gas by imidazolium ionic liquids was reported, where the concentration of SO2 is 2000 ppm. On the basis of quantitative calculations through a combination of Langmuir simulation, theoretical calculation and quantum chemical method, SO2 absorption and desorption performance from flue gas by twelve kinds of imidazolium ionic liquids with different anions were designed and predicted. Then, among them, five kinds of imidazolium ionic liquids were chosen and prepared to investigate their behavior of SO2 absorption capacity, desorption residue, and available absorption capacity. The results indicated that the experimental values were in good agreement with the predicted values. Thus, an ideal ionic liquid [Emim][Tetz] was obtained through the predictive method for the capture of SO2 of 2000 ppm, which showed high available absorption capacity of 0.24 g SO2 per g ionic liquid and excellent reversibility.     

基于GWR的中国地级城市SO2年均质量浓度模拟

中国城市空气污染问题已经引起广泛关注。目前相关研究很多,但是以空间位置为拟合参数,对空气质量进行回归模拟的研究较少。以2010年中国地级以上城市SO2年均质量浓度为因变量,分别应用普通线性回归和地理加权回归（GWR）模型模拟SO2年均质量浓度,其中地理加权回归方法考虑了空间位置的影响并以此作为回归参数。回归的自变量指标体系包括气象要素（多年平均温度、光照、降水）、植被覆盖（NDVI）、地形要素（坡度、坡向、起伏度）、人为因素（GDP、能源消费）几个方面。由于各指标之间存在较强的相关性,用主成分分析方法计算得到温度、日照、降水、NDVI表征的气象植被综合指标,高程、坡度、起伏度表征的地形综合指标,和GDP、能源消费表征的人为因素综合指标。用3个综合指标值作为自变量进行回归模拟。普通回归结果较差,其r^2为0.11,矫正的r^2为0.10;GWR模型模拟结果相对较好,其拟合优度显著提高,r^2为0.66,矫正的r^2为0.47。因此,地理加权回归适合进行此类拟合,普通线性回归不适合。通过对比地理加权回归模拟的各个城市的拟合优度,发现年均质量浓度数值较高的地区拟合效果较差,这些地区主要集中在中国华北和南部部分地区。与基于机理的模型相比,GWR 模型和其各具优缺点,GWR 的优势主要表现在数据及其格式化要求低,计算机软硬件条件要求低,运算速度快等。     

云南省钢铁行业SO2排放系数核算研究

在对云南省钢铁行业现状分析的基础上,通过现场调研的方式,以2009年为基准年,收集其4季度生产年平均数据,采用实测法与物料衡算相结合的方法,核算得出云南省钢铁冶炼行业烧结工序综合排放系数为2．24-3．29kg-SO2／t烧结矿;球团工序综合排放系数为0．30～0．34kg—SO2／t球团矿;高炉工序综合排放系数为0．31～0．90kg—SO2／t铁水。通过各工序产排污系数,得出云南省钢铁行业SO2综合产排污系数为3．51-4．85kg—SO2／t粗钢。在系数核算的基础上,将本研究核算所得系数与第一次全国污染源普查系数、总量减排核算系数（16kg—SO2／t粗钢）进行比较,认为云南省铁矿石含硫量低（0．1％）是导致产排污系数偏低的主要原因。     

北京大气中SO2、NOx、CO和O3体积分数变化分析

为了探讨北京市大气污染物的污染水平和变化特征,2004年8月—2005年7月对北京大气中SO2、NOx、O3和CO体积分数进行了连续观测,并对比分析不同季节的变化特征。结果表明,SO2体积分数呈双峰曲线日变化,在08:00和23:00出现峰值。SO2采暖季日振幅明显高于非采暖季日振幅,采暖季SO2体积分数要比非采暖季高出3倍以上。NOx、CO体积分数在早晨07:00和傍晚20:00左右出现峰值,NOx体积分数最大值可达130×10-9,而CO体积分数最大值可达3300×10-9。NO有明显的日变化和季节变化,而NO2白天夜晚都维持在同一水平,且季节变化也不大。O3体积分数夏季远远高于冬季,日变化均呈单峰型分布,午后14:00—15:00出现峰值。     

Soil washing of As-contaminated stream sediments in the vicinity of an abandoned mine in Korea

A soil washing process was applied to remediate arsenic (As)-contaminated stream sediments around an abandoned mine in Goro, Korea. Laboratory scale soil washing experiments for As-contaminated stream sediments were performed under various washing conditions in order to maximize As removal efficiency. Stream sediments were taken from two sites (S1 and S5) along the main stream connected to an abandoned mine. Stream sediments at the two sites were divided into two groups (≥0.35 and <0.35 mm in diameter), giving four types of sediments, which were thereupon used for soil washing experiments. The results of soil washing experiments involving various pH conditions suggested that As removal efficiency is very high in both strongly acidic and basic solutions (pH 1 and 13), regardless of sediment type. Removal efficiencies for fine sediments from S1 and S5 were >95% after 1 h of washing with 0.2 M citric acid (C₆H₈O₇). When using 0.2 M citric acid mixed with 0.1 M potassium phosphate (KH₂PO₄), the As removal efficiency increased to 100%. When recycled washing solution was applied, As removal efficiency was maintained at a level greater than 70%, even after eight recycling events. This suggests that the recycling of washing solution could be successfully applied as a means of decreasing the cost of the washing process. Results from the experiments suggest that soil washing is a potentially useful process for the remediation of As-contaminated stream sediments around abandoned mines.     

Soil and plant concentrations of cadmium and zinc in the vicinity of a smelter

Cadmium, zinc and lead concentrations in soils and plants near a smelter at Avonmouth are reported for samples collected in May 1979 and in May 1980. The total metal soil concentrations fall as distance from the smelter increases and decrease rapidly with depth for cadmium and zinc. The concentrations of these two metals are highly correlated at all depths. Near the smelter, where the carbon content and pH values of the soils are lowest, almost all the cadmium, as measured by EDTA extraction, is available. Concentration of metals in plants also decrease with distance from the smelter, with concentrations being lower in samples collected in 1980. This is possibly due to a seasonal variation in biomass, producing a dilution effect. We conclude that uptake of cadmium and that of zinc by grass species have different relationships to the carbon content of the soil.     

Vertical distribution of zooplankton glutamate dehydrogenase in relation to chlorophyll in the vicinity of the Nantucket Shoals

The vertical distributions of chlorophyll, and zooplankton glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and respiratory electron transport system (ETS) activities were measured at five stations in the vicinity of the Nantucket Shoals using a submersible pump-profiling system. Distinctly lower zooplankton GDH activities and chlorophyll concentrations were found at a station showing little vertical stratification as compared to the other stations where vertical stratification was more pronounced. Maximum GDH activity was observed at or immediately above the chlorophyll maximum at the stratified stations. Respiration to excretion (O:N) ratios determined from the enzyme data were lowest in or just above the chlorphyll maximum, suggesting proteolytic catabolism at those depths. Both features had previously been observed in the oligotrophic Gulf of Mexico. Ammonium excretion determined from GDH activity was estimated to provide 20 to 40% of the total algal nitrogen requirement.Bigelow Laboratory Contribution No. 82016     

Macroplankton/micronekton dynamics in the vicinity of the Prince Edward Islands (Southern Ocean)

Combined trawling (rectangular midwater trawl, RMT-8 net) and acoustic (120 kHz) surveys in the upstream and downstream region of the Prince Edward Islands were undertaken during April and May 1996 and 1997. A total of 49 species of macroplankton and micronekton were encountered within the region investigated. Mesopelagic fishes, euphausiids, chaetognaths and tunicates dominated numerically and by biomass. Average abundance and biomass of macroplankton/micronekton in the top 300 m layer were low, 18 individuals 1000 m⁻³ and 288 mg dry wt 1000 m⁻³, respectively. Numerical analysis revealed the presence of two major groups of stations broadly corresponding to the offshore (upstream and downstream) and inshore (inter-island) realms. Planktonic samples and acoustic measurements revealed that elevated densities of macroplankton/micronekton were associated with the subantarctic front region and in close proximity to the island plateau. Based on trawling and acoustic survey results, it is suggested that large plankton and micronekton are mostly washed around rather than across the inter-island shelf region. This is in contrast with the “replenishing hypothesis” previously proposed for this region by other investigators. Received: 11 May 1998 / Accepted: 25 March 1999     

二氧化硫对大麦幼苗的氧化损伤效应

以大麦(Hordeum vulgare L.)为材料,研究SO2水合物NaHSO3-Na2SO3混合液(1:3,mmol·L-1:mmol·L-1)对大麦幼苗的氧化损伤效应.结果表明,大麦幼苗的生长受SO2水合物浓度和作用时间的影响,低浓度促进幼苗生长,高浓度抑制生长,抑制效应随作用时间的延长而增强;在胁迫6d后,大麦叶组织中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性增高,还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量上升.加入外源抗氧化剂抗坏血酸(ASA)后,SO2水合物对大麦幼苗生长的抑制效应得到缓解,膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量降低.研究结果表明:SO2水合物处理能引起大麦幼苗氧化胁迫,诱导抗氧化酶表达增强、活性氧清除能力提高,但活性氧的增加又会引起细胞氧化损伤,SO2对植物的伤害与其对细胞的氧化损伤有关.