Quantitative model for species distribution of hydroxy polyaluminum chloride

ＱｕａｎｔｉｔａｔｉｖｅｍｏｄｅｌｆｏｒｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｏｆｈｙｄｒｏｘｙｐｏｌｙａｌｕｍｉｎｕｍｃｈｌｏｒｉｄｅＦｅｎｇＬｉ，ＬｕａｎＺｈａｏｋｕｎ，ＴａｎｇＨｏｎｇｘｉａｏＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＥｃｏＥｎｖｉｒ...     

Special analysis methods for hydrolysis polymerization of aluminium

--Al-Ferron timed complex colorimetric method (AFM), 27Al     

聚合氯化铝与有机高分子复合絮凝剂的形态分布研究--Al-Ferron和27Al-NMR相结合

主要研究了Al Ferron逐时络合比色法和2 7Al NMR法应用于聚合铝与有机高分子复合絮凝剂形态分布的测定 .结果表明 ,两种方法分别测定的Alb 和Al13 的结果具有一定的相关性 ;聚合铝与有机高分子复合后其形态分布发生了一定的变化 ,Alb(或Al13 )的含量有所降低 ,但仍是优势形态 ,Ala(或Al单)的含量基本保持不变 .     

Distribution of aluminum species and the characteristics of structure of poly-aluminum-chloride-sulfate(PACS)

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＰｏｌｙａｌｕｍｉｎｕｍｃｈｌｏｒｉｄｅ (ＰＡＣ) ,ｗｈｉｃｈｗａｓｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄｉｎｔｈｅ 1960’ｓｉｎＪａｐａｎ ,ｈａｓｃｏｍｅｔｏｂｅｕｓｅｄｅｘｔｅｎｓｉｖｅｌｙｉｎ ｐｌａｃｅｏｆａｌｕｍｉｎｕｍｓｕｌｆａｔｅｉｎｗａｔｅｒａｎｄｗａｓｔｅｗａｔｅｒｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｉｔｓａｂｉｌｉｔｙｔｏａｃｈｉｅｖｅａｄｅｑｕａｔｅａｇｇｒｅｇａｔｉｏｎｅｖｅｎａｔｌｏｗｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅｓａｎｄｔｏｆｏｒｍｆｌｏｃｓｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅｌｙｒａｐｉｄｌ…     

絮凝剂PSPAFC中铁铝共聚物的形态表征

通过pH值、测定波长、溶液浓度、分析试剂等确定改进了经典的Fenon逐时络合比色法,使其能用于测定Fe、Al共存溶液中[Fe,A1]的含量,从而测定实际含Fe、Al共聚物的溶液中[Fe,Al]的形态分布.结果表明,在pH=5.0,波长为362 nm,铝铁总浓度在1×10-5-1×10-4mol/L范围内,Fe、Al共聚...     

电解制备聚合铝过程中Alb形态生成条件研究

考察了电解法制备聚合铝过程中AIb的最佳形成条件。AIb的形成与电流密度、极板间距、电解液的温度、铝的浓度以及电解时间等因素有关。在制备AI浓度为2．0mol/L的聚合氯化铝时，最佳的电流密度和极板间距分别为1．1A／dm^2和10mm。由于电化学过程中产生的不均匀的界面pH差值较大而生成较多的AI（OH）4^-作为AIb结构的结晶核心，因此能形成更多的AIb聚合形态。     

Species distribution of polymeric aluminium-ferrum--timed complexation colorimetric analysis method of Al-Fe-ferron.

The effects of the colorimetric buffer solutions were investigated while the two colorimetric reactions of Al-ferron complex and Fe-ferron complex occurred individually, and the effects of the testing wavelength and the pH of the solutions were also investigated. A timed complexation colorimetric analysis method of Al-Fe-ferron in view of the total concentration of (Al + Fe) was then established to determine the species distribution of polymeric Al-Fe. The testing wavelength was recommended at 362 nm and the testing pH value was 5. With a comparison of the ratios of nAl/nFe, the standard adsorption curves of the polymeric Al-Fe solutions were derived from the experimental results. Furthermore, the solutions' composition were various in both the molar nAl/nFe ratios, i.e. 0/0, 5/5, 9/1 and 0/10, and the concentrations associated with the total [Al + Fe] which ranged from 10(-5) to 10(-4) mol/L.     

Fractionation of residual Al in natural water treatment from reservoir with poly-aluminum-silicate-chloride (PASiC): Effect of OH/Al, Si/Al molar ratios and initial pH

An aluminum fractionation study was conducted for a surface reservoir water treatment to understand the performance of poly-aluminum-silicate-chloride (PASiC) in terms of the residual Al fractions as a function of initial pH. The coagulation performance expressed as turbidity and organic matter removal was established as supporting data. Some extra data were evaluated in terms of the residual Al ratio of the composite PASiC coagulant. The main residual Al sources were the Al fractions derived from the use of PASiC. The turbidity and organic matter removal ability was optimal at initial pH 6.00-7.00, while the concentrations of various residual Al species and the residual Al ratio of PASiC were minimal at an initial pH range of 7.00-8.00. Under the conditions of OH/Al molar ratio = 2.00 and Si/Al molar ratio = 0.05, PASiC had superior coagulation performance and comparatively low residual Al concentrations. The Al fraction in the composite PASiC coagulant seldom remained under such conditions. Experimental data also indicated that the suspended (filterable) Al fraction was the dominant species, and organic-bound or organo-Al complex Al was considered to be the major species of dissolved Al in water treated by PASiC coagulation. Additionally, the dissolved inorganic monomeric Al species dominated the dissolved monomeric Al fraction.     

Effects of low temperature on aluminum(Ⅲ) hydrolysis: theoretical and experimental studies

In this study, the effects of low temperature on aluminum(III) (Al) hydrolysis were examined both theoretically and experimentally by constructing a solubility diagram for amorphous aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3(am)) and a distribution diagram of hydrolyzed Al species. Firstly, thermodynamic data of Al species at 4℃ were calculated from that at 25℃. A well confirmed polymeric Al species, AlO4Al12(OH)247 (Al13), was involved in building the diagrams and, correspondingly, the non-linear simultaneous equations with 13 degrees were resolved. Secondly, polarized Zeeman atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS), 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and ferron-based spectrophotometry were applied for constructing the practical diagrams. The results show that a decrease of temperature from 25 to 4℃ caused the Al(OH)3(am) boundary on the solubility diagram to shift toward the alkaline side by about 1.0 pH unit and the minimum solubility of Al(OH)3(am) to reduce by 1.0 log unit. The distribution diagram indicates that the monomeric Al, Al13, and solid-phase Al(OH)3 were alternately the predominant species with the increase of pH value during Al hydrolysis. At 25℃, Al13 was the dominant species in a pH range of 4.0 to 4.5, whereas at 4℃, Al13 was the leading species in a pH range spaced from 4.5 to 6.3. The predominant species changed from the monomeric Al to the solid-phase Al(OH)3 over the range of 1.8 pH units at 4℃ in comparison with the range of 0.5 pH unit at 25℃.     

聚磷氯化铝铁溶液形态转化及电动特性

采用[Al+Fe]-Ferron逐时络合比色法研究了典型聚磷氯化铝铁溶液的形态转化,结果表明,聚磷氯化铝铁的形态转化主要由P(/Al+Fe)、OH(/Al+Fe)和nAl/nFe等因素决定,聚磷氯化铝铁的形态转化特征是优势形态之间的转变。通过对模拟悬浊水样的絮凝实验,对其除浊性能进行了考察,通过测定zeta电位对其水解物的电动特性进行了研究,结果表明,聚磷氯化铝铁水解聚合产物的电动特性与P(/Al+Fe)、OH(/Al+Fe)和nAl/nFe的变化密切相关,聚磷氯化铝铁是通过电中和、吸附架桥和沉淀网捕作用起混凝作用的,三种作用的综合能力越强,其混凝效果就越好。     

Effects of low temperature on aluminum(III) hydrolysis: Theoretical and experimental studies

In this study, the effects of low temperature on aluminum(III) (Al) hydrolysis were examined both theoretically and experimentally by constructing a solubility diagram for amorphous aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3(am)) and a distribution diagram of hydrolyzed Al species. First, thermodynamic data of Al species at 4 degrees C were calculated from that at 25 degrees C. A well confirmed polymeric Al species, AlO4Al12(OH)24(7+)(Al13), was involved in building the diagrams and, correspondingly, the non-linear simultaneous equations with 13 degrees were resolved. Secondly, polarized Zeeman atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS), 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and ferron-based spectrophotometry were applied for constructing the practical diagrams. The results show that a decrease of temperature from 25 to 4 degrees C caused the Al(OH)3(am) boundary on the solubility diagram to shift toward the alkaline side by about 1.0 pH unit and the minimum solubility of Al(OH)3(am) to reduce by 1.0 log unit. The distribution diagram indicates that the monomeric Al, Al13, and solid-phase Al(OH)3 were alternately the predominant species with the increase of pH value during Al hydrolysis. At 25 degrees C, Al13 was the dominant species in a pH range of 4.0 to 4.5, whereas at 4 degrees C, All3 was the leading species in a pH range spaced from 4.5 to 6.3. The predominant species changed from the monomeric Al to the solid-phase Al(OH)3 over the range of 1.8 pH units at 4 degrees C in comparison with the range of 0.5 pH unit at 25 degrees C.     

聚硅氯化铝混凝剂的形态及带电特性研究

以ＡｌＣｌ３·６Ｈ２Ｏ、ＮａＯＨ、盐酸和水玻璃为原料制备了不同碱化度（Ｂ）及不同Ｓｉ／Ａｌ摩尔比的系列聚硅氯化铝混凝剂（ＰＡＳＣ）,采用Ａｌ－Ｆｅｒｒｏｎ逐时络合比色法和微电泳技术研究了ＰＡＳＣ中铝的水解产物形态分布及铝的水解沉淀物的带电特性,考察了Ｂ及Ｓｉ／Ａｌ摩尔比对ＰＡＳＣ中铝水解产物形态分布及带电特性的影响情况,并与聚合氯化铝（ＰＡＣ）进行了比较,实验结果表明,Ｂ对ＰＡＳＣ的形态分布有较大     

Interaction of PACls with sulfate

IntroductionPolyaluminumchloride (PACl)asamainkindofinorganicpolymerflocculantsisanewhighereffectivewaterandwastewatertreatmentreagent.Basedonthetraditionallow molecularaluminum ,ithasbeendevelopedworldwidesincethe 196 0s(Tang,1994 ;1990 ;1987) .PAClistheintermediateproductofthehydrolysis polymerization ageingprocessofAl(III)undersuitableconditions.Atpresent,itisgenerallyknownthattherearemanypossiblespeciesexistintheAl(III)solution ,suchasmonomers,oligomers,Al13 [AlO4Al12 (OH) 2 4(H2 …     

混凝过程中铝与聚合铝水解形态的动力学转化及其稳定性

采用Ｆｅｒｒｏｎ逐时络合比色法，并结合电泳测定研究了混凝过程中氯化铝和聚合氯化铝的水解形态动力学转化及稳定性。结果表明，ＡＣ在混凝过程中所形成的水解形态完全不同于ＰＡＣ的预制水解聚合形态，其电荷及分子量均明显低于聚合铝且不稳定，ＡＣ随混凝条件如投加浓度、ＰＨ和混合时间而变，而ＰＡＣ－２５水解聚合形态不随混凝条件变化，始终保持稳定状态，ＡＣ水解沉淀规律与理论计算相符并形成无定形Ａｌ（ＯＨ）３絮体颗粒     

基于受体模型和源成分谱的缺失组分反演算法

针对目前在线监测仪器无法监测Al、Si标识组分可能增加源解析结果不确定性的问题,基于正交矩阵因子分解法模型和实测源成分谱反演Al、Si受体数据,提出缺失组分反演-嵌套PMF算法.设置周期性和非周期性模拟实验,利用PMF模型对缺失Al、Si受体数据、含反演Al、Si受体数据和含Al、Si受体数据分别进行源解析评估,并将源解析结果与真实值进行对比分析,验证缺失组分反演-嵌套PMF算法的可靠性.研究结果表明对于周期性扰动模拟实验,缺失Al、Si对解析土壤源、机动车、燃煤源有较大的影响,反演Al、Si能优化源解析结果,降低源解析结果的不确定性.     

Al(Ⅲ) speciation distribution and transformation in high concentration PACl solutions

Effects of Al(Ⅲ) concentration and pH on the speciation of Al(Ⅲ) in polyaluminum chloride (PACl) solutions especially on the Al13 fraction were investigated. A series of PACl samples were prepared over the range of Al(Ⅲ) concentration from 0.01 to 2.0 mol/L with the B (OH/Al ratio) value from 1.0 to 2.5 by forced hydrolysis of AlCl3. The samples were characterized by ferron assay,pH and 27Al NMR. It was shown that the Al(Ⅲ) concentration had a dramatic effect on the hydrolysis processes and the species distribution of PACl was in relate to the decrease of pH. The fraction of Al species, Alb (or Al13) decreased and Alc increased with increase of total Al(Ⅲ) concentration. Under the condition of Al(Ⅲ) 2.0 mol/L, B = 2.5, the pH value was 2.73 and no Al13 could be detected. During diluting and aging, the species distribution evolved. The Al13 could then be detected again and the amounts increased with time. If the diluted samples were concentrated by freeze dry at -35℃ or heating at 80℃, the pH value and Al13 content would decrease with the increased concentration. It demonstrated that the key factor for formation of Al13 in concentrated PACl was pH value.     

Al(Ⅲ) speciation distribution and transformation in high concentration PACl solutions

Effects of Al（Ⅲ） concentration and pH on the speciation of Al（Ⅲ） in polyaluminum chloride （PACl） solutions especially on the Al13 fraction were investigated. A series of PACl samples were prepared over the range of Al（Ⅲ） concentration from 0.01 to 2.0 mol/L with the B （OH/Al ratio） value from 1.0 to 2.5 by forced hydrolysis of AICl3. The samples were characterized by ferron assay, pH and 27^Al NMR. It was shown that the Al（Ⅲ） concentration had a dramatic effect on the hydrolysis processes and the species distribution of PACl was in relate to the decrease of pH. The fraction of Al species, Alb （or Al13） decreased and Al0 increased with increase of total Al（Ⅲ） concentration. Under the condition of Al（Ⅲ） 2.0 reel/L, B = 2.5, the pH value was 2.73 and no Al13 could be detected. During diluting and aging, the species distribution evoIved. The Al13 could then be detected again and the amounts increased with time. If the diluted samples were concentrated by freeze dry at -35℃ or heating at 80℃, the pH value and Al13 content would decrease with the increased concentration. It demonstrated that the key factor for formation of Al13 in concentrated PACl was pH value.     

颗粒物对混凝过程及超滤膜污染的影响

以nm-SiO₂和μm-SiO₂体系为研究对象,使用3种不同Al形态的混凝剂（AlCl₃、Al₁₃和Al₃₀）进行混凝-超滤实验,考察不同pH值下SiO₂去除率、出水余Al及混凝预处理对膜通量的影响,借助马尔文激光粒度仪、SEM、BET和AFM表征絮体性质及在超滤膜表面的分布和作用力.结果表明,nm-SiO₂体系中SiO₂去除率均低于μm-SiO₂体系,在纳米颗粒物体系中投加混凝剂后膜通量从0.68分别提升至0.96（AlCl₃）、0.86（Al₁₃）和0.87（Al₃₀）,微米颗粒物体系中投加3种混凝剂后膜通量从0.79提升至0.80~0.84.微米级颗粒物是颗粒间的碰撞,纳米级颗粒物主要以团聚态的形式碰撞.低聚态铝（Al_a）和颗粒物形成絮体的粒径均大于150μm,体系zeta电位为负与膜表面产生斥力;在中性条件下Al₁₃与颗粒物形成絮体的强度因子远高于AlCl₃和Al₃₀,中聚态铝（Al_b）将膜孔内部较小颗粒物堵塞形成的不可逆膜污染转移成膜孔表面的可逆膜污染;高聚态铝（Al_c）具有较强吸附架桥和网捕卷扫能力,无定形、不规则的团聚态小颗粒在这一过程中形成较大絮体缓解膜污染.     

以TEOS为硅源的聚硅氯化铝中铝及硅形态分布

以正硅酸乙酯 (TEOS)为硅源 ,合成了新型的聚硅氯化铝 (PASC) ,利用Al Ferron逐时络合比色法和Si Mo逐时络合比色法分别研究了其Al形态及Si形态分布 ,并与常规方法 (以硅酸钠为硅源 )合成的聚硅氯化铝做了比较 .实验结果表明 ,新方法合成的PASC具有铝硅分布均匀 ,分子量较大 ,产品重现性好的优点 .两种方法合成的PASC具有相同的Al形态分布规律 ,即高分子量Al形态含量随B值 (碱化度 )和Si Al摩尔比的增大而增加 ,Al形态随Si Al摩尔比的变化程度随B值的增大而增大 .另外通过新方法发现 ,Si形态分布也具有规律性并和Al形态具有相似的分布特征 ,但Si形态随Si Al摩尔比的变化程度随B值的增大而减小 .     

Ferron逐时络合比色法研究TEOS－PAC中AI的形态

以TEOS为原料,将其与AlCl_3溶液混合后再缓慢滴加Na0H溶液,合成出具有不同Si/Al比和B值的复合絮凝剂样品TEOS-PAC。用Ferron逐时络合比色法对其Al形态分布及转化特征进行了研究,并与以硅酸钠(Na_2SiO_3·9H_2O)为原料相同条件下制备的样品作了比较,初步得出了Si/Al比和β值对TEOS-PAC复合絮凝剂中Al形态的影响规律。