江苏省污水处理设施运营市场化探讨

简述江苏污水处理设施运营市场化的形式，分析江苏污水处理设施运营市场化现状，从宣传教育、准入制度、政策法规、管网建设等方面提出了建议。     

中国污水处理设施建设现状与存在问题研究

污水处理设施已经成为中国区域环境质量改善的主要手段,通过对污水处理设施信息的收集整理、分析研究,明晰了中国污水处理设施的基本现状,分析了可能存在的问题并提出了相应的对策和措施,为中国城市污水处理相关研究提供基础和借鉴。截至2013年底,我国共建成各类污水处理设施6 124处,总设计处理能力1.66亿t/d,处理污水451.6亿t。已建成的污水处理设施规模以低于2万t/d为主,平均负荷率为74.4%。现有污水处理设施存在管网配套不合理、进水浓度偏低、负荷率普遍不足、执行排放标准偏低等问题。应从污水处理设施所在区域特点出发,因地制宜地选择合适的主体工艺类型和设计规模,科学配置相关管网设施,有效提高设施利用率。     

城市污水处理及污染防治技术政策

1　总　则1 1　为控制城市水污染 ,促进城市污水处理设施建设及相关产业的发展 ,根据《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》、《中华人民共和国城市规划法》和《国务院关于环境保护若干问题的决定》 ,制定本技术政策。1 2　本技术政策所称“城市污水” ,系指纳入和尚未纳入城市污水收集系统的生活污水和工业废水之混合污水。1 3　本技术政策适用于城市污水处理设施工程建设 ,指导污水处理工艺及相关技术的选择和发展 ,并作为水环境管理的技术依据。1 4　城市污水处理设施建设 ,应依据城市总体规划和水环境规划、水资源综合利用规划以及城市排…     

论我国城市污水处理的技术政策

本文根据我国的经济基础、环保政策、水污染现状与趋势,以及其性自然条件等基本国情,论述了我国城市污水处理应采取的技术政策。提出了城市污水处理长远与根本的措施是建立以活性污泥法为主体工艺的大型污水处理厂;在短期内,根据大型污水处理厂的长远规划与设计,首先建造其一级处理设施,然后逐步完善二级处理设施;因地制宜、合理开发与利用氧化塘与土地处理等投资少能耗低的生态处理系统等把握城市污水处理技术政策的三个基本意见。     

城市污水处理及污染防治技术政策

为控制城市水污染,促进城市污水处理设施建设及相关产业的发展,《中华人民共和国水污染治法》、《中华人民共和国城市规划法》和《国务院关于环境保护若干问题的决定》,制定本技术政策。     

我国10万t/d以下城市污水处理工艺

我国城市污水处理厂的规模绝大多数在10万t/d以下(含10万t/d),由于10万t/d以下的城市污水处理的工艺繁多,且各有利弊,选择何种工艺对城市污水进行处理,是建设项目的业主、设计单位和主管政府部门较难解决但又必须解决的问题.本文从城市污水处理厂的处理工艺入手,根据国家的城市污水处理及污染防治技术政策,对10万t/d以下城市污水处理工艺进行排序和优选,并给出城市污水处理厂建设及运营的主要技术经济指标,供城市污水处理厂建设的相关方参考.     

农村生活污水处理稳定曝气系统

活性污泥法是生活污水处理中应用最为广泛的方法之一。实验研究制作了一套自动控制曝气系统,可实现对溶解氧(DO)这一重要参数及时、精确、稳定的控制,DO控制精度为±0.2 mg/L。采用该系统有利于提高农村分散式污水处理设施的自动化程度,从而应对劳动定员不足、操作人员专业水准还有待提高等客观现实情况,同时提高处理效果的稳定性。此外,该系统能有效降低曝气冗余,节能效果明显,有助于降低农村水处理环保设施的运行成本,缓解地方运营成本压力。     

我国10万t／d以下城市污水处理工艺

我国城市污水处理厂的规模绝大多数在10万t／d以下（含10万t／d），由于10万t／d以下的城市污水处理的工艺繁多，且各有利弊，选择何种工艺对城市污水进行处理，是建设项目的业主、设计单位和主管政府部门较难解决但又必须解决的问题。本文从城市污水处理厂的处理工艺入手，根据国家的城市污水处理及污染防治技术政策，对10万t／d以下城市污水处理工艺进行排序和优选，并给出城市污水处理厂建设及运营的主要技术经济指标，供城市污水处理厂建设的相关方参考。     

流域水源地污染成因分析与保护对策——以潭江牛湾段水源地保护为例

通过对潭江流域水污染源的分析 ,提出了保护水源地水质安全的对策 :实施污染物总量控制 ;调整产业结构 ;加快城市生活污水处理设施建设 ,提高生活污水的处理率 ;加强禽畜养殖管理 ,严格控制养殖规模     

污水处理设施市场化运作模式的研究

研究了国外污水处理设施的投资和运行模式，探讨了国内污水处理设施的传统模式，着重讨论了BOT等新的市场化的运作模式。     

基于Agent的城市污水处理可持续发展工艺选型定量建模研究

从可持续发展的角度分析和研究中国目前的城市污水处理工艺,选出符合中国国情的工艺流程日益成为迫切需要解决的问题.在广泛调研和资料分析的基础上,基于可持续发展的原则,通过对中国城市污水处理的现状进行分析,建立了可供筛选的处理技术数据库,并通过基于生命周期的Agent模型,对每项组合工艺流程进行功能模拟和性能评价,按照所建立的评价模型和指标体系,综合考察各项处理工艺的污染物处理水平、投资成本和附属产物的环境影响等因素.按照可持续发展的技术准则进行判定,从而选择满足可持续发展要求的城市污水处理组合工艺.     

开发区污水治理对策

针对纳污水体有、无环境容量两大类开发区的污水治理对策进行了探讨，提出了结合老城区、总量控制、集中治理，分步实施的原则，并就污水治理资金来源进行了分析，指明了开发区污水治理的道路。     

Co-design of experimental nature-based solutions for decentralized dry-weather runoff treatment retrofitted in a densely urbanized area in Central America

The quality of water in many urban rivers in Latin America is increasingly degrading due to wastewater and runoff discharges from urban sprawl. Due to deficits in sanitary drainage systems, greywater is discharged to the stormwater drainage network generating a continuous dry-weather runoff that reaches rivers without treatment. One of the main challenges in the region is to achieve sustainable management of urban runoff for the recovery of rivers ecosystem integrity. However, retrofitting conventional centralized wastewater drainage networks into the existing urban grid represents important social, economic and technical challenges. This paper presents an alternative adaptive methodology for the design of Nature-based Solutions for decentralized urban runoff treatment. Through this study, technical solutions commonly used for stormwater management were adapted for dry-weather runoff treatment and co-designed for the particular conditions of a representative study area, considering space availability as the main constraining factor for retrofitting in urban areas. The application of a co-design process in a dense neighbourhood of the Great Metropolitan area of Costa Rica brought to light valuable insights about conditions that could be hindering the implementation of NBS infrastructures in Latin America.     

The carbon-sequestration potential of municipal wastewater treatment

The lack of proper wastewater treatment results in production of CO(2) and CH(4) without the opportunity for carbon sequestration and energy recovery, with deleterious effects for global warming. Without extending wastewater treatment to all urban areas worldwide, CO(2) and CH(4) emissions associated with wastewater discharges could reach the equivalent of 1.91 x 10(5) t(CO2)d(-1) in 2025, with even more dramatic impact in the short-term. The carbon sequestration benefits of wastewater treatment have enormous potential, which adds an energy conservation incentive to upgrading existing facilities to complete wastewater treatment. The potential greenhouse gases discharges which can be converted to a net equivalent CO(2) credit can be as large as 1.91 x 10(5) t(CO2)d(-1) in 2025 by 2025. Biomass sequestration and biogas conversion energy recovery are the two main strategies for carbon sequestration and emission offset, respectively. The greatest potential for improvement is outside Europe and North America, which have largely completed treatment plant construction. Europe and North America can partially offset their CO(2) emissions and receive benefits through the carbon emission trading system, as established by the Kyoto protocol, by extending existing technologies or subsidizing wastewater treatment plant construction in urban areas lacking treatment. This strategy can help mitigate global warming, in addition to providing a sustainable solution for extending the health, environmental, and humanitarian benefits of proper sanitation.     

日本琵琶湖流域的生活污水治理对策

介绍了日本滋贺县为了保护琵琶湖水环境而实施的生活污水综合治理对策。其基本思路是：将市区和人口稠密地区划为下水道整备规划区，积极实施下水道建设工程，推行污水处理；在下水道整备区外推广使用合并净化槽和地域粪便处理设施；在有条件的农村村落建设农村下水道；鼓励和资助各种处理设施实行除氮除磷的高级处理方式，以防止琵琶湖富营养化；积极实施多种多样的生活杂排水对策。     

酒店废水混凝过滤处理工艺

在实验的基础上 ,提出了酒店废水的物理化学治理工艺。某酒店废水经破乳、混凝和过滤处理后 ,完全达到了广州市规定的排放标准。本工艺与生化法相比的最大特点是 :占地面积小 ,耗电量小 ,减少了噪音污染 ,尤其适合市区内采用。     

基于灰色马尔可夫模型的城市污水量预测

城市污水量是进行排水工程设计的基础数据,灰色系统理论在预测城市污水排放量中有着广泛的应用.基于2001-2009年天津市城市污水排放量数据,建立灰色模型对2010-2015年生活污水排放量和工业废水排放量进行预测;由于工业废水排水量数据波动较大,灰色预测结果不准确,采用马尔可夫模型对灰色预测结果进行修正.结果表明,灰色马尔可夫模型预测准确性高;预计2015年,生活污水排放量为65120.57万t,工业废水排放量为19339.39万t;随着时间的推移,天津市生活污水排放量在城市污水排放总量中的百分比越来越大.     

Cost optimization of integrated wastewater drainage and treatment systems

This paper presents the cost optimization of an urban drainage and wastewater treatment system. The mixed sewer urban drainage (including combined sewer overflows and retention basins), the activated sludge wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), and the permissible loading of the receiving water were optimized simultaneously by the nonlinear programming approach. For this purpose, the integrated optimization model OPTIMALWWT was developed. The economic objective function of the defined investment and operational costs is subjected to rigorous design and ecological constraints. A practical example of the cost optimization of an existing urban drainage and WWTP, located in Slovenia, is presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method. For each of the two different design approaches, three different optimization cases were carried out for three different technological alternatives. As a result, the optimal technological process was finally selected for the reconstruction of the system, as a result of its suitable costs and operational safety.     

Evaluation of uptake of the cytostatic methotrexate in Elliptio complanata mussels by LC–MS/MS

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Aquatic organisms are continuously exposed to emerging contaminants coming from urban effluents of wastewater treatment plants. The contamination of...     

The ability of biologically based wastewater treatment systems to remove emerging organic contaminants—a review

Biologically based wastewater treatment systems are considered a sustainable, cost-effective alternative to conventional wastewater treatment systems. These systems have been used and studied for the treatment of urban sewage from small communities, and recently, it has been reported that they can also effectively remove emerging organic contaminants (EOCs). EOCs are a new group of unregulated contaminants which include pharmaceutical and personal care products, some pesticides, veterinary products, and industrial compounds among others that are thought to have long-term adverse effects on human health and ecosystems. This review is focused on reporting the ability of biologically based wastewater treatment systems to remove EOCs and the main elimination mechanisms and degradation processes (i.e., biodegradation, photodegradation, phytoremediation, and sorption) taking place in constructed wetlands, ponds, and Daphnia and fungal reactors.